疊 - Wikiwand

Traditional	疊
Shinjitai	畳
Simplified	叠

More information trad., simp. ...

trad.	疊/叠
simp.	叠
alternative forms	曡疉畳㬪疂曡疉畳㬪疂𣆹𤴁迭 former first round simplified 沓 Hokkien

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 疊, Western Zhou ...

Historical forms of the character 疊
Western Zhou	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (疊) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

More information Old Chinese ...

	Old Chinese
曡	*l'ɯːb
疊	*l'ɯːb

畾 + 宜 – a pile.

Originally as 曡, with 晶 (jīng) on top. Shuowen commented that the shape change was promoted by emperor of the short-lived Xin Dynasty, who deemed the use of three "suns" (日) in this character too empowering - compared to three "fields" (田).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/l-t(y)ap (“fold, layer, pile up, repeat”). Cognate with 摺 (OC *ruːb, *ʔljob, “to fold”), 褶 (OC *ʔljob, *l'ɯːb, *ljub, *ɦljub, “lined dress”), Tibetan ལྟབ (ltab, “to fold, gather up, to lay or put together”), ལྡེབ (ldeb, “to bend round or back, to turn round, to double down”), ལྡབ (ldab, “to fold up, repeat, do again”), Burmese ထပ် (htap, “to stack, layer”) and Burmese လိပ် (lip, “to fold up, to roll up”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dié (die²)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄝˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): daap⁶ / dip⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): thia̍p

(Hailu, HRS): tiab^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): tiab⁶
Eastern Min (BUC): tăk / diĕk
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): de⁷ / dieh⁷
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tha̍h / thia̍p / tia̍p

(Teochew, Peng'im): tah⁸ / tiab⁸
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸diq; ⁸deq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dié
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄝˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dié
  - Wade–Giles: tieh²
  - Yale: dyé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dye
  - Palladius: де (de)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti̯ɛ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
  - Jyutping: daap⁶ / dip⁶
  - Yale: daahp / dihp
  - Cantonese Pinyin: daap⁹ / dip⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: dab⁶ / dib⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taːp̚²/, /tiːp̚²/

Note:

daap6 - vernacular;
dip6 - literary.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thia̍p
  - Hakka Romanization System: tiab
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tiab⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯ap̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: tiab^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰiap²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: tiab⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰiap̚⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: tăk / diĕk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaʔ⁵/, /tieʔ⁵/

Note:

tăk - colloquial;
diĕk - literary.

Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: de⁷
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: da̤̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /te¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: de⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /te²⁴/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: dieh⁷
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dia̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiɛʔ⁴/

Note:

de7 - vernacular (as in 疊紙);
dieh7 - literary (as in 重疊).

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tha̍h
  - Tâi-lô: tha̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tah
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰaʔ¹²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰaʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰaʔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thia̍p
  - Tâi-lô: thia̍p
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tiap
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiap̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiap̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰiap̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tia̍p
  - Tâi-lô: tia̍p
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diap
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiap̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiap̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiap̚¹²¹/

Note:

tha̍h - vernacular (“to fold over, classifier, to add”);
thia̍p/tia̍p - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: tah⁸ / tiab⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tha̍h / thia̍p
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaʔ⁴/, /tʰiap̚⁴/

Note:

tah8 - vernacular;
tiab8 - literary.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸diq; ⁸deq
  - MiniDict: dih^入; deh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵diq; ⁵deq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /diɪʔ¹²/, /dəʔ¹²/

Middle Chinese: dep

More information Rime, Character ...

Rime
Character	疊
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	怗 (158)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	徒協切
Baxter	dep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dep̚/
Pan Wuyun	/dep̚/
Shao Rongfen	/dɛp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɛp̚/
Li Rong	/dep̚/
Wang Li	/diep̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱiep̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dié
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dip⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤ[i]p/

(Zhengzhang): /*l'ɯːb/

More information Character, Reading # ...

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	疊
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dié
Middle Chinese	‹ dep ›
Old Chinese	/*lˁ[i]p/
English	double, accumulate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	疊
Reading #	1/1
No.	2365
Phonetic component	疊
Rime group	緝
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	牒
Old Chinese	/*l'ɯːb/
Notes	同曡

Definitions

疊

to fold; to fold up
to fold over in layers; to pile up or stack in a more orderly fashion; to be piled up
to repeat; to duplicate; to be repetitious
Classifier for piles/layers.
(Southern Min) to add; to increase (over the existing foundation)
alternative form of 㲲 (dié)
a surname, Die

Synonyms

(to fold): 折疊／折叠 (zhédié)
(to pile up):

edit

攢 / 攒
沉積 / 沉积 (chénjī) (figurative)
積累 / 积累 (jīlěi)
積聚 / 积聚 (jījù)
累加 (lěijiā)
累積 / 累积 (lěijī)

(to repeat): 重複／重复 (chóngfù)
(classifier for piles/layers): (Hokkien) 枼 (i̍h)

Compounds

一疊聲 / 一叠声
三疊紀 / 三叠纪 (Sāndié Jì)
九疊篆 / 九叠篆
二疊系 / 二叠系
二疊紀 / 二叠纪 (Èrdié Jì)
亞肩疊背 / 亚肩叠背
併疊 / 并叠
堆疊 / 堆叠 (duīdié)
壓肩疊背 / 压肩叠背
套疊 / 套叠 (tàodié)
定疊 / 定叠
屏風九疊 / 屏风九叠
層出疊見 / 层出叠见 (céngchūdiéxiàn)
層巒疊嶂 / 层峦叠嶂
層疊 / 层叠 (céngdié)
層見疊出 / 层见叠出 (céngxiàndiéchū)
山巒重疊 / 山峦重叠
打疊 / 打叠
折疊 / 折叠 (zhédié)
挨肩疊背 / 挨肩叠背
挺胸疊肚 / 挺胸叠肚
摺疊 / 折叠 (zhédié)
摺疊扇 / 折叠扇
琴心三疊 / 琴心三叠
疊加 / 叠加 (diéjiā)
疊印 / 叠印
疊句 / 叠句 (diéjù)
疊字 / 叠字 (diézì)
疊層 / 叠层
疊層岩 / 叠层岩
疊層石 / 叠层石
疊嶂 / 叠嶂 (diézhàng)
疊嶺層巒 / 叠岭层峦
疊巘 / 叠𪩘
疊床架屋 / 叠床架屋 (diéchuángjiàwū)
疊彩 / 叠彩 (Diécǎi)
疊接 / 叠接
疊映 / 叠映
疊棋 / 叠棋
疊次 / 叠次
疊燮 / 叠燮 (diéxiè)
疊疊 / 叠叠 (diédié)
疊矩重規 / 叠矩重规
疊碼仔 / 叠码仔 (diémǎzǎi)
疊羅漢 / 叠罗汉 (diéluóhàn)
疊蓆 / 叠席 (diéxí)
疊被 / 叠被
疊詞 / 叠词 (diécí)
疊韻 / 叠韵 (diéyùn)
稠疊 / 稠叠
積疊 / 积叠
聯肩疊背 / 联肩叠背
腸套疊 / 肠套叠 (chángtàodié)
規重矩疊 / 规重矩叠
連雲疊嶂 / 连云叠嶂
重三疊四 / 重三叠四
重巖疊嶂 / 重岩叠嶂
重疊 / 重叠 (chóngdié)
重裀疊褥 / 重裀叠褥
重規疊矩 / 重规叠矩
重重疊疊 / 重重叠叠
陽關三疊 / 阳关三叠
類疊 / 类叠
鬥疊 / 斗叠

References

“疊”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “叠”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 201.

疊

Translingual

Han character

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Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology

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Definitions

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References

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