糾

See also: 糺 and 纠

糾 U+7CFE, 糾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CFE ← 糽 [U+7CFD] CJK Unified Ideographs 糿 → [U+7CFF]

Translingual

Han character

糾 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+2 in Chinese, 糸+3 in Japanese, 8 strokes in Chinese, 9 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 女火女中 (VFVL), four-corner 2290₀, composition ⿰糹丩)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 915, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27227
• Dae Jaweon: page 1342, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3362, character 2
• Unihan data for U+7CFE

Chinese

trad.		糾
simp.		纠
alternative forms		丩 𠃏 𠃖 𠃚 糺／纠 丩 𠃏 𠃖 𠃚 糺／纠 𥾆 紏 𠛩 𠞎 𠜉 𠝙 𢒥

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 糾
Shang	Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (丩) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
艽	*krɯːw, *qʰrɯːw, *ɡu, *ɡʷrɯw
芁	*kriːw
荍	*ɡiw
叫	*kiːws
訆	*kiːws
嘂	*kiːws
收	*qʰljɯw, *qʰljɯws
糾	*kɯw, *krɯwʔ
朻	*kɯw, *krɯw, *krɯwʔ
丩	*kɯw, *krɯw
赳	*krɯw, *krɯwʔ
虬	*ɡrɯw
虯	*ɡrɯw
觓	*ɡrɯw

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kɯw, *krɯwʔ): semantic 糹 (“silk”) + phonetic 丩 (OC *kɯw, *krɯw, “to entangle”). The phonetic component indicates two entangled ropes. Originally written 丩.

Etymology

Compare possibly Burmese ကျိုး (kyui:, “result, effect, advantage”), as well as ကြိုး (krui:, “string”) (Luce, 1981).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiū, jiǔ (jiu¹, jiu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡ, ㄐㄧㄡˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gau² / dau²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kiû

  (Hailu, HRS): giu^ˋ

• Eastern Min (BUC): giēu
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): giu⁴ / giu¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kiù

  (Teochew, Peng'im): giu⁶

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹ciau / ¹cieu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiū
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiou
    • Wade–Giles: chiu¹
    • Yale: jyōu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiou
    • Palladius: цзю (czju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiǒu
    • Wade–Giles: chiu³
    • Yale: jyǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeou
    • Palladius: цзю (czju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gau² / dau²
    • Yale: gáu / dáu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gau² / dau²
    • Guangdong Romanization: geo² / deo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐu̯³⁵/, /tɐu̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiû
    • Hakka Romanization System: giu^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: giu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯u²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: giu^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /kiu⁵³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: giēu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kieu³³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri, Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: giu⁴
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: giu̍
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiu⁴²/
  • (Jiangkou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: giu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiu⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: giu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiu⁵⁴⁴/

Note: giu1 - new reading.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiù
    • Tâi-lô: kiù
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiux
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiu²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiu⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiu²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiu¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiu²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: giu⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiu³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹ciau
    • MiniDict: ciau^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jiau
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiɔ⁵³/
  • (Northern: Suzhou, Hangzhou)
    • Wugniu: ¹cieu
    • MiniDict: cieu^平
    • MiniDict: ciu^平
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡ɕʏ⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡ɕiø³³⁴/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 糾
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕiou⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕiou⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕiou²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕiou²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕiou²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕiou²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕiou²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕiɯ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕiəu⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕiou⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕiɤu⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕiəu⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕiəu⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕiəu⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕiəu⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕiəɯ³¹/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕiɯ²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕiəu¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕiəu⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕiəu³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕiɤ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕiɤ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕiø³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕau³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕiu³⁵/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕiu¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕiəu³³/
	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕiəɯ³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕiu⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/keu⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/kiu⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/tɐu³⁵/
	Nanning	/tɐu³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kɐu³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kiu²¹/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kieu³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kiu²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kiu⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/kiu²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: kjiwX

Rime
Character	糾
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	幽 (138)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居黝切
Baxter	kjiwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kiɪuX/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨuX/
Shao Rongfen	/kieuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kjiwX/
Li Rong	/kiĕuX/
Wang Li	/kiəuX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kieuX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k<r>iwʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯw/, /*krɯwʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	糾
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiū
Middle Chinese	‹ kjiwX ›
Old Chinese	/*k<r>iwʔ/
English	plait, unite
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	糾	糾
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6923	6929
Phonetic component	丩	丩
Rime group	幽	幽
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	鳩	糾
Old Chinese	/*kɯw/	/*krɯwʔ/
Notes	丩今分化字

Definitions

糾

1. to investigate; to inspect
2. to correct
3. to entwine; to wind
4. to gather; to amass; to assemble
5. to inform against; to inform on
6. (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to contract; to shrink; to tense; to taut (of muscles, etc.)
7. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien, specifically) to shrink due to absorbing water (of cloth, etc.)
8. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien, specifically) to become skinny, contracted, or disappear (caused by some reason)

Synonyms

• (to contract, to shrink due to absorbing water, to become skinny): (Hokkien) 勼 (jiū)

Compounds

• 勞資糾紛 / 劳资纠纷
• 桃色糾紛 / 桃色纠纷
• 猛糾 / 猛纠
• 矜糾收繚 / 矜纠收缭
• 糾合 / 纠合 (jiūhé)
• 糾察 / 纠察 (jiūchá)
• 糾察隊 / 纠察队
• 糾布 / 纠布
• 糾帶 / 纠带
• 糾彈 / 纠弹 (jiūtán)
• 糾心 / 纠心
• 糾正 / 纠正 (jiūzhèng)
• 糾正權 / 纠正权
• 糾水 / 纠水
• 糾眾 / 纠众
• 糾筋 / 纠筋
• 糾簡 / 纠简
• 糾糾 / 纠纠 (jiūjiū)
• 糾紗 / 纠纱
• 糾紛 / 纠纷 (jiūfēn)
• 糾紙 / 纠纸
• 糾絞 / 纠绞
• 糾結 / 纠结 (jiūjié)
• 糾繆繩違 / 纠缪绳违
• 糾繩 / 纠绳
• 糾纏 / 纠缠 (jiūchán)
• 糾纏不清 / 纠缠不清
• 糾腸 / 纠肠
• 糾腸糾肚 / 纠肠纠肚
• 糾舉 / 纠举
• 糾舉權 / 纠举权
• 糾葛 / 纠葛 (jiūgé)
• 糾蓼 / 纠蓼
• 糾集 / 纠集 (jiūjí)
• 繚糾 / 缭纠
• 繩愆糾謬 / 绳愆纠谬
• 雄糾糾 / 雄纠纠 (xióngjiūjiū)
• 黝糾 / 黝纠

References

• “糾”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• “Query for 糾”, in 臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “纠（～正）”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 192.

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 糾

糾

(Jōyō kanji)

1. twist, ask, investigate, verify

Readings

• Go-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)^{←きう (kiu, historical)}
• Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)^{←きう (kiu, historical)}
• Kun: あざなう (azanau, 糾う)、ただす (tadasu, 糾す)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 糾 (MC kjiwX).

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

糾

糾 (eumhun 꼴 규 (kkol gyu))

1. hanja form^? of 규 (“twist, writhe”)
2. hanja form^? of 규 (“investigate, inspect”)

Compounds

• 규명 (糾明, gyumyeong, “investigation”)
• 규문 (糾問, gyumun, “arraignment”)
• 규탄 (糾彈, gyutan, “denunciation”)
• 규합 (糾合, gyuhap, “rally, gathering”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Chữ Hán

糾: Hán Nôm readings: củ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation