蒙

See also: 懞, 矇, and 濛

蒙 U+8499, 蒙 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8499 ← 蒘 [U+8498] CJK Unified Ideographs 蒚 → [U+849A]

Translingual

Han character

蒙 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿月一人 (TBMO), four-corner 4423₂, composition ⿱艹冡 or ⿳𫇦一豕)

Derived characters

• 㠓, 幪, 懞, 㩚, 濛, 獴, 曚, 朦, 檬, 䑃, 矇, 礞, 䙩, 艨, 蠓, 䤓, 饛(𱄈), 䴌(𲎈), 䵆, 氋, 鸏(鹲), 靀, 䰒

Additional Derived Characters

• 𠐁, 𡁏, 𡒯, 𨼿, 𤔽, 𤘁, 𤪑, 𡮹, 𤮠, 𤯻, 𤾬, 𥣛, 𱹦, 𦆟, 𠖨, 𰟶, 𧭊, 𮚩, 𱋮, 𨮵, 𩍬, 𧅭, 𩦺(𬴌)
• 𮟔, 𣰥, 𨞫, 𤔾, 𤯾, 𩕱, 𥵿, 𦿢

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1048, character 15
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31555
• Dae Jaweon: page 1509, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3271, character 4
• Unihan data for U+8499

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 蒙
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (冡) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蒙	*moːŋ
冡	*moːŋ
濛	*moːŋ, *moːŋʔ
艨	*moːŋ, *moːŋs
朦	*moːŋ, *moːŋʔ
矇	*moːŋ
饛	*moːŋ
檬	*moːŋ
鸏	*moːŋ, *moːŋʔ
幪	*moːŋ
蠓	*moːŋ, *moːŋʔ
靀	*moːŋ
曚	*moːŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *moːŋ): semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 冡 (OC *moːŋ).

Etymology 1

trad.		蒙
simp. #		蒙
2nd round simp.		𰰡
alternative forms		⿱𫇦二 2nd round simp. (1981)

STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“foggy; dark; sullen; menacing; thunder”).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): méng (meng²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mung⁴
• Gan (Wiktionary): mung¹ / mung⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): mùng

  (Hailu, HRS): mung

  (Meixian, Guangdong): mung¹ / mung²

• Jin (Wiktionary): meng¹
• Northern Min (KCR): mǒ̤ng
• Eastern Min (BUC): mùng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): morng²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bông

  (Teochew, Peng'im): mong⁵ / mou⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶mon; ¹mon
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): man¹ / mong²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: méng
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: méng
    • Wade–Giles: mêng²
    • Yale: méng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meng
    • Palladius: мэн (mɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɤŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: mung⁴
    • Yale: mùhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mung⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: mung⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mʊŋ²¹/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: mung¹ / mung⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /muŋ⁴²/, /muŋ³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mùng
    • Hakka Romanization System: mung^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: mung²
    • Sinological IPA: /muŋ¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: mung
    • Sinological IPA: /muŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: mung¹ / mung²
    • Sinological IPA: /mʊŋ⁴⁴/, /mʊŋ¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: meng¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /məŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mǒ̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: mùng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /muŋ⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: morng²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: mó̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɒŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: morng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɒŋ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bông
    • Tâi-lô: bông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: boong
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔŋ²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: mong⁵ / mou⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mông / môu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /moŋ⁵⁵/, /mou⁵⁵/

Note: mou5 - variant.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶mon; ¹mon
    • MiniDict: mon^去; 'mon^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³mon; ¹'mon
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /moŋ²³/, /moŋ⁵³/

Note: 1'mon = ~眼睛.

• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: man¹ / mong²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /man³³/, /mʊŋ¹³/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /man³³/, /mən¹³/

Note: mung2 - only in 蒙古 (“Mongolia”).

---

• Middle Chinese: muwng

Rime
Character	蒙
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫紅切
Baxter	muwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/muŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/muŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/məwŋ/
Li Rong	/muŋ/
Wang Li	/muŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/muŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	méng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mung4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤoŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*moːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	蒙
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	méng
Middle Chinese	‹ muwng ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁoŋ/
English	cover (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蒙
Reading #	1/1
No.	8969
Phonetic component	冡
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	蒙
Old Chinese	/*moːŋ/

Definitions

蒙

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) dodder (Cuscuta chinensis)
2. to cover

   用手帕蒙著臉／用手帕蒙着脸  ―  yòng shǒupà méng zhe liǎn  ―  to cover one's face with a handkerchief

3. to deceive; to hide the truth from
4. to suffer

   蒙難／蒙难  ―  méngnàn  ―  to suffer a catastrophe

   蒙羞  ―  méngxiū  ―  to be ashamed

5. (honorific) to receive (a favour)

   如蒙俯允，不勝感激。 [MSC, trad.]
   如蒙俯允，不胜感激。 [MSC, simp.]

   Rú méng fǔyǔn, bùshèng gǎnjī. [Pinyin]

   I would be most grateful if the favour is granted.

6. ignorant

   啟蒙／启蒙  ―  qǐméng  ―  to impart rudimentary knowledge to beginners

   蒙昧  ―  méngmèi  ―  ignorant; benighted

7. fourth hexagram of the I Ching
8. a surname

   蒙民偉／蒙民伟 [Cantonese]  ―  mung⁴ man⁴ wai⁵ [Jyutping]  ―  William Mong Man-wai (Hong Kong businessman)

Compounds

• 佛蒙特州
• 冥蒙
• 吳下阿蒙 / 吴下阿蒙
• 呂蒙正 / 吕蒙正
• 坑蒙
• 多蒙寄聲 / 多蒙寄声
• 多蒙推轂 / 多蒙推毂
• 多蒙藥石 / 多蒙药石
• 幸蒙
• 忪蒙
• 性荷爾蒙 / 性荷尔蒙
• 愚蒙
• 承蒙 (chéngméng)
• 啟蒙 / 启蒙 (qǐméng)
• 啟蒙哲學 / 启蒙哲学
• 啟蒙時代 / 启蒙时代 (Qǐméng Shídài)
• 啟蒙運動 / 启蒙运动 (qǐméng yùndòng)
• 易學啓蒙 / 易学启蒙
• 晦蒙
• 曠若發蒙 / 旷若发蒙
• 狐裘蒙戎
• 疵蒙謬累 / 疵蒙谬累
• 發蒙 / 发蒙
• 發蒙振落 / 发蒙振落
• 童蒙 (tóngméng)
• 童蒙訓 / 童蒙训
• 荷爾蒙 / 荷尔蒙
• 蒙主寵召 / 蒙主宠召 (méngzhǔchǒngzhào)
• 蒙事
• 蒙住
• 蒙冤
• 蒙受 (méngshòu)
• 蒙叟
• 蒙古斑 (měnggǔbān)
• 蒙吏
• 蒙哄
• 蒙地卡羅 / 蒙地卡罗 (Méngdìkǎluó)
• 蒙在鼓裡 / 蒙在鼓里 (méngzàigǔlǐ)
• 蒙坑
• 蒙垢
• 蒙塵 / 蒙尘 (méngchén)
• 蒙太奇 (méngtàiqí)
• 蒙娜麗莎 / 蒙娜丽莎 (Méngnà Lìshā)
• 蒙學 / 蒙学 (méngxué)
• 蒙席 (méngxí)
• 蒙師 / 蒙师
• 蒙恩
• 蒙恬造筆 / 蒙恬造笔
• 蒙愛 / 蒙爱
• 蒙戎
• 蒙拾
• 蒙故業 / 蒙故业
• 蒙昧 (méngmèi)
• 蒙昧主義 / 蒙昧主义 (méngmèizhǔyì)
• 蒙昧無知 / 蒙昧无知
• 蒙求
• 蒙汜
• 蒙汗藥 / 蒙汗药 (ménghànyào)
• 蒙混 (ménghùn)
• 蒙稚
• 蒙童 (méngtóng)
• 蒙籠 / 蒙笼
• 蒙籠暗碧 / 蒙笼暗碧
• 蒙絡 / 蒙络
• 蒙羞 (méngxiū)
• 蒙自 (Méngzì)
• 蒙莊 / 蒙庄
• 蓎蒙 (tángméng)
• 蒙蒙 (méngméng)
• 蒙蒙亮 (mēngmēngliàng)
• 蒙蒙黑
• 蒙蔽 (méngbì)
• 蒙藥 / 蒙药
• 蒙蘢 / 蒙茏
• 蒙衝 / 蒙冲
• 蒙谷
• 蒙難 / 蒙难 (méngnàn)
• 蒙霧露 / 蒙雾露
• 蒙面 (méngmiàn)
• 蒙頭 / 蒙头
• 蒙頭衲被 / 蒙头衲被
• 蒙頭轉向 / 蒙头转向
• 蒙養 / 蒙养
• 蒙館 / 蒙馆 (méngguǎn)
• 蒙驢 / 蒙驴
• 蔑蒙
• 蜂蒙
• 衲被蒙頭 / 衲被蒙头
• 被澤蒙庥 / 被泽蒙庥
• 被災蒙禍 / 被灾蒙祸
• 訓蒙 / 训蒙
• 費洛蒙 / 费洛蒙 (fèiluòméng)
• 賀爾蒙 / 贺尔蒙 (hè'ěrméng)
• 過蒙 / 过蒙
• 銜恨蒙枉 / 衔恨蒙枉
• 鋪眉蒙眼 / 铺眉蒙眼
• 開蒙 / 开蒙
• 頑蒙 / 顽蒙
• 顓蒙 / 颛蒙
• 驢蒙虎皮 / 驴蒙虎皮
• 鴻蒙 / 鸿蒙 (hóngméng)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mēng (meng¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄥ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mēng
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: meng
    • Wade–Giles: mêng¹
    • Yale: mēng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mheng
    • Palladius: мэн (mɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɤŋ⁵⁵/

Definitions

蒙

1. to lose consciousness

   把他給打蒙了／把他给打蒙了  ―  bǎ tā gěi dǎ mēng le  ―  to knock him out

Etymology 2

trad.		蒙
simp. #		蒙
2nd round simp.		𰰡

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): měng, méng (meng³, meng²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄥˇ, ㄇㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mung⁴
• Gan (Wiktionary): mung¹ / mung⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): mùng

  (Hailu, HRS): mung

  (Meixian, Guangdong): mung²

• Jin (Wiktionary): meng¹
• Northern Min (KCR): mǒ̤ng
• Eastern Min (BUC): mùng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): morng²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bông

  (Teochew, Peng'im): mong⁵ / mou⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶mon
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): mong²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: měng
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: měng
    • Wade–Giles: mêng³
    • Yale: měng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meeng
    • Palladius: мэн (mɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɤŋ²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: méng
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: méng
    • Wade–Giles: mêng²
    • Yale: méng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meng
    • Palladius: мэн (mɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɤŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: mung⁴
    • Yale: mùhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mung⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: mung⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mʊŋ²¹/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: mung¹ / mung⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /muŋ⁴²/, /muŋ³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mùng
    • Hakka Romanization System: mung^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: mung²
    • Sinological IPA: /muŋ¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: mung
    • Sinological IPA: /muŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: mung²
    • Sinological IPA: /mʊŋ¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: meng¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /məŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mǒ̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: mùng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /muŋ⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: morng²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: mó̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɒŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: morng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɒŋ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bông
    • Tâi-lô: bông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: boong
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔŋ²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: mong⁵ / mou⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mông / môu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /moŋ⁵⁵/, /mou⁵⁵/

Note: mou5 - variant.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶mon
    • MiniDict: mon^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³mon
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /moŋ²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: mong²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /mʊŋ¹³/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /mən¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: muwng

Rime
Character	蒙
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫紅切
Baxter	muwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/muŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/muŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/məwŋ/
Li Rong	/muŋ/
Wang Li	/muŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/muŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	méng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mung4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤoŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*moːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	蒙
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	méng
Middle Chinese	‹ muwng ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁoŋ/
English	cover (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蒙
Reading #	1/1
No.	8969
Phonetic component	冡
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	蒙
Old Chinese	/*moːŋ/

Definitions

蒙

1. short for 蒙古 (Měnggǔ, “Mongolia”) Specifically, it can mean the country of Mongolia, or Inner Mongolia of China, or terms related to Mongols.

   中蒙邊界／中蒙边界  ―  Zhōng Měng biānjiè  ―  Sino-Mongolian border

   滿蒙聯姻／满蒙联姻  ―  Mǎn Měng liányīn  ―  Intermarriage between Manchus and Mongols

Compounds

• 內蒙古 / 内蒙古
• 外蒙 (Wàiměng)
• 外蒙古
• 東蒙 / 东蒙
• 海西蒙古族藏族自治州
• 肅北蒙古族自治縣 / 肃北蒙古族自治县
• 蒙元 (Měngyuán)
• 蒙古 (Měnggǔ)
• 蒙古人種 / 蒙古人种 (Měnggǔ rénzhǒng)
• 蒙古兒 / 蒙古儿
• 蒙古利亞 / 蒙古利亚
• 蒙古包 (měnggǔbāo)
• 蒙古地方
• 蒙古大夫 (měnggǔ dàifu)
• 蒙古帝國 / 蒙古帝国 (Měnggǔ Dìguó)
• 蒙古文 (měnggǔwén)
• 蒙古斑 (měnggǔbān)
• 蒙古族 (Měnggǔzú)
• 蒙古症 (měnggǔzhèng)
• 蒙古語 / 蒙古语 (měnggǔyǔ)
• 蒙古高原 (Měnggǔ Gāoyuán)
• 蒙學 / 蒙学 (méngxué)
• 蒙戈 (měnggē)
• 蒙文 (měngwén)
• 蒙族 (měngzú)
• 蒙東 / 蒙东 (měngdōng)
• 蒙胞
• 蒙藥 / 蒙药

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 蒙 – see 濛 (“drizzling, misty, raining”). (This character is the simplified form of 濛).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 蒙 – see 懞 (“honest; sincere; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 懞).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Compounds

• 蒙懂 (měngdǒng)
• 蒙董 (měngdǒng)

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 蒙 – see 矇 (“to cheat; to deceive; to dupe; to make a wild guess; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 矇).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.