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鉛
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: 铅
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Translingual
Alternative forms
Han character
鉛 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+5, 13 strokes, cangjie input 金金口 (CCR) or 金竹弓口 (CHNR), four-corner 88160, composition ⿰釒㕣)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1301, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40310
- Dae Jaweon: page 1803, character 19
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4189, character 1
- Unihan data for U+925B
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *lon): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 㕣 (OC *lon) – a kind of metal.
Etymology
Most varieties have a pronunciation derived from a velar initial.
- Schuessler (2007) see it a re-etymologization towards 掔 (MC khean|khen, “solid; hard”).
- Per Liu (2022), it is from Wu, in which the character 鉛 / 铅 is used to denote an etymon meaning "tinplate" with this velar pronunciation. As for further etymology, Liu suggested it an Indo-European-sourced borrowing, cf. English can (“metal container”).
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): nyyon4 / kan1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): qie1
- Northern Min (KCR): ṳ̂ing
- Eastern Min (BUC): iòng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zuei2 / zuai2 / zuinn2 / oeng2 / ieng2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1khe
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): yenn2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qiān
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cian
- Wade–Giles: chʻien1
- Yale: chyān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chian
- Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, literary variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yán
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yán
- Wade–Giles: yen2
- Yale: yán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
- Palladius: янь (janʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛn³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: yuan2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: uan
- Sinological IPA (key): /yan²¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Jyutping: jyun4
- Yale: yùhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: jyn4
- Guangdong Romanization: yun4
- Sinological IPA (key): /jyːn²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: yon3
- Sinological IPA (key): /jᵘɔn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: nyyon4 / kan1
- Sinological IPA (key): /n̠ʲyɵn³⁵/, /kʰan⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèn
- Hakka Romanization System: ienˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yan2
- Sinological IPA: /i̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàn
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)ianˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yan2
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: rhan
- Sinological IPA: /ʒan⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: qie1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰie¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ṳ̂ing
- Sinological IPA (key): /yiŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: iòng
- Sinological IPA (key): /yoŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Nanri)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zuei2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cóiⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡suei¹³/
- (Jiangkou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zuai2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡suɐi¹³/
- (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zuinn2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sũĩ²⁴/
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: oeng2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: é̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /œŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou, Youyang)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ieng2
- Sinological IPA (key): /iɛŋ²⁴/
- (Fengting)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ieng2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ieŋ²⁴/
- (Putian, Nanri)
Note:
- zuei2/zuai2/ziunn2 - vernacular;
- oeng2/ieng2 - literary.
- ing5 - Chaozhou;
- êng5 - Jieyang;
- iang5 - Shantou, Jieyang, Puning, Huilai.
Note:
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: ywen
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*lon/
Definitions
鉛
Synonyms
Compounds
- 一氧化鉛 / 一氧化铅 (yīyǎnghuàqiān)
- 丹鉛 / 丹铅
- 丹鉛手 / 丹铅手
- 丹鉛甲乙 / 丹铅甲乙
- 乙酸鉛 / 乙酸铅 (yǐsuānqiān)
- 二氧化鉛 / 二氧化铅 (èryǎnghuàqiān)
- 二硫化鉛 / 二硫化铅
- 反鉛 / 反铅
- 含鉛汽油 / 含铅汽油 (hánqiān qìyóu)
- 四乙基鉛 / 四乙基铅 (sìyǐjīqiān)
- 四氧化三鉛 / 四氧化三铅 (sìyǎnghuàsānqiān)
- 左鉛右槧 / 左铅右椠
- 懷鉛 / 怀铅
- 懷鉛提槧 / 怀铅提椠
- 懷鉛握槧 / 怀铅握椠
- 懷鉛握素 / 怀铅握素
- 抱槧懷鉛 / 抱椠怀铅
- 握槧懷鉛 / 握椠怀铅
- 握素懷鉛 / 握素怀铅
- 握鉛 / 握铅
- 握鉛抱槧 / 握铅抱椠
- 操鉛 / 操铅
- 方鉛礦 / 方铅矿
- 朱鉛 / 朱铅
- 樗鉛 / 樗铅
- 氟化鉛 / 氟化铅
- 氧化鉛 / 氧化铅
- 氫氧化鉛 / 氢氧化铅 (qīngyǎnghuàqiān)
- 氯化鉛 / 氯化铅 (lǜhuàqiān)
- 洗淨鉛華 / 洗净铅华
- 測鉛 / 测铅
- 火鉛 / 火铅
- 無鉛 / 无铅 (wúqiān)
- 無鉛汽油 / 无铅汽油
- 獛鉛 / 獛铅
- 白鉛皮 / 白铅皮
- 白鉛礦 / 白铅矿 (báiqiānkuàng)
- 百鍊鉛 / 百炼铅
- 硫化鉛 / 硫化铅 (liúhuàqiān)
- 硝酸鉛 / 硝酸铅 (xiāosuānqiān)
- 硫酸鉛 / 硫酸铅 (liúsuānqiān)
- 硝酸鉛 / 硝酸铅 (xiāosuānqiān)
- 碘化鉛 / 碘化铅 (diǎnhuàqiān)
- 碳酸鉛 / 碳酸铅
- 磨鉛 / 磨铅
- 磨鉛策蹇 / 磨铅策蹇
- 筆鉛 / 笔铅 (bǐqiān)
- 紅鉛 / 红铅
- 置鉛 / 置铅
- 膏鉛 / 膏铅
- 自動鉛筆 / 自动铅笔 (zìdòng qiānbǐ)
- 華鉛 / 华铅
- 赤鉛礦 / 赤铅矿
- 鉛中毒 / 铅中毒 (qiānzhòngdú)
- 鉛丸 / 铅丸
- 鉛丹 / 铅丹
- 鉛刀 / 铅刀
- 鉛刀一割 / 铅刀一割
- 鉛印 / 铅印 (qiānyìn)
- 鉛坑 / 铅坑
- 鉛垂線 / 铅垂线 (qiānchuíxiàn)
- 鉛子 / 铅子
- 鉛字 / 铅字 (qiānzì)
- 鉛字合金 / 铅字合金
- 鉛容 / 铅容
- 鉛察 / 铅察
- 鉛封 / 铅封
- 鉛幕 / 铅幕
- 鉛彈 / 铅弹
- 鉛摘 / 铅摘
- 鉛擿 / 铅擿
- 鉛板 / 铅板
- 鉛條 / 铅条
- 鉛桶 / 铅桶
- 鉛槧 / 铅椠
- 鉛母 / 铅母
- 鉛水 / 铅水
- 鉛汞 / 铅汞
- 鉛淚 / 铅泪
- 鉛澤 / 铅泽
- 鉛版 / 铅版
- 鉛玻璃 / 铅玻璃
- 鉛球 / 铅球 (qiānqiú)
- 鉛田 / 铅田
- 鉛白 / 铅白
- 鉛直 / 铅直 (qiānzhí)
- 鉛砂 / 铅砂
- 鉛砌 / 铅砌
- 鉛碼 / 铅码
- 鉛礦 / 铅矿 (qiānkuàng)
- 鉛筑 / 铅筑
- 鉛筆 / 铅笔 (qiānbǐ)
- 鉛筆畫 / 铅笔画 (qiānbǐhuà)
- 鉛管 / 铅管
- 鉛粉 / 铅粉 (qiānfěn)
- 鉛粒 / 铅粒
- 鉛紅 / 铅红
- 鉛素 / 铅素
- 鉛絲 / 铅丝
- 鉛膏 / 铅膏
- 鉛色 / 铅色
- 鉛花 / 铅花
- 鉛芯 / 铅芯 (qiānxīn)
- 鉛華 / 铅华 (qiānhuá)
- 鉛藥 / 铅药
- 鉛虎 / 铅虎
- 鉛部 / 铅部
- 鉛鈍 / 铅钝
- 鉛銛 / 铅铦
- 鉛鋒 / 铅锋
- 鉛錘 / 铅锤 (qiānchuí)
- 鉛錢 / 铅钱
- 鉛錫 / 铅锡
- 鉛鍔 / 铅锷
- 鉛鐵 / 铅铁
- 鉛鑞 / 铅镴
- 鉛霜 / 铅霜
- 鉛駑 / 铅驽
- 鉛黃 / 铅黄
- 鉛墨 / 铅墨
- 鉛黛 / 铅黛
- 鉛鼎 / 铅鼎
- 鉻酸鉛 / 铬酸铅 (gèsuānqiān)
- 飛鉛 / 飞铅
- 養汞調鉛 / 养汞调铅
- 駑鉛 / 驽铅
- 駑馬鉛刀 / 驽马铅刀
- 黑鉛 / 黑铅
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yán
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yán
- Wade–Giles: yen2
- Yale: yán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
- Palladius: янь (janʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Jyutping: jyun4
- Yale: yùhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: jyn4
- Guangdong Romanization: yun4
- Sinological IPA (key): /jyːn²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: yon3
- Sinological IPA (key): /jᵘɔn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Hakka
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: ywen
Definitions
鉛
References
- “鉛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “铅”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 227.
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