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閩
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: 闽
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Translingual
Han character
閩 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+6, 14 strokes, cangjie input 日弓中一戈 (ANLMI), four-corner 77136, composition ⿵門虫)
Derived characters
Related characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1335, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41315
- Dae Jaweon: page 1841, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4295, character 9
- Unihan data for U+95A9
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mrɯn, *mɯn): phonetic 門 (OC *mɯːn) + semantic 虫 (“snake”). The 虫 radical was a common component of the names of barbarians (Schuessler, 2007), probably reflecting the Min people's worship of snakes (Li, 2017).
Etymology
Matisoff (2003) relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-b/m-ruːl (“snake”), but this comparison is no longer held in STEDT.
In most modern Min dialects and some other southern dialects (including Hakka and Xiang), it is read with a level tone (平聲), which is the expected reflex based on rime dictionaries. In Mandarin and the remaining southern dialects, it is read with a rising tone (上聲), probably due to analogy with the phonetic component of 閔 (MC minX) (Li, 2017).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): min3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ming2
- Northern Min (KCR): mâing
- Eastern Min (BUC): mìng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): mang2 / ming2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6min / 1min
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): min2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: mǐn
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄣˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mǐn
- Wade–Giles: min3
- Yale: mǐn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miin
- Palladius: минь (minʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /min²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: mín
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mín
- Wade–Giles: min2
- Yale: mín
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: min
- Palladius: минь (minʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /min³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: min3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: min
- Sinological IPA (key): /min⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Jyutping: man5 / man4
- Yale: máhn / màhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: man5 / man4
- Guangdong Romanization: men5 / men4
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɐn¹³/, /mɐn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
Note: man4 - uncommon.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: man3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵐban²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: min3
- Sinological IPA (key): /min²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mén
- Hakka Romanization System: menˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: men3
- Sinological IPA: /men³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: menˊ
- Sinological IPA: /men²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ming2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /miŋ⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mâing
- Sinological IPA (key): /maiŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: mìng
- Sinological IPA (key): /miŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: mang2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: máng
- Sinological IPA (key): /maŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: mang2
- Sinological IPA (key): /maŋ²⁴/
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ming2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: míng
- Sinological IPA (key): /miŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ming2
- Sinological IPA (key): /miŋ²⁴/
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
Note:
- mang2 - vernacular;
- ming2 - literary.
- Southern Min
- bân - vernacular;
- bîn - literary.
Note:
- Middle Chinese: min, mjun
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*mrə[n]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mrɯn/, /*mɯn/
Definitions
閩
Compounds
- 七閩 / 七闽 (Qīmǐn)
- 八閩 / 八闽 (Bāmǐn)
- 洛閩 / 洛闽
- 洛閩之學 / 洛闽之学
- 濂洛關閩 / 濂洛关闽
- 閩中 / 闽中 (Mǐnzhōng)
- 閩中十子 / 闽中十子
- 閩中話 / 闽中话
- 閩中語 / 闽中语 (mǐnzhōngyǔ)
- 閩侯 / 闽侯 (Mǐnhòu)
- 閩劇 / 闽剧 (mǐnjù)
- 閩北 / 闽北 (Mǐnběi)
- 閩北話 / 闽北话
- 閩北語 / 闽北语 (mǐnběiyǔ)
- 閩南 / 闽南 (Mǐnnán)
- 閩南話 / 闽南话 (mǐnnánhuà)
- 閩南語 / 闽南语 (mǐnnányǔ)
- 閩學 / 闽学
- 閩寧 / 闽宁 (Mǐnníng)
- 閩嶠 / 闽峤
- 閩嶺 / 闽岭
- 閩川 / 闽川
- 閩徼 / 闽徼
- 閩本 / 闽本
- 閩東 / 闽东 (Mǐndōng)
- 閩東話 / 闽东话
- 閩東語 / 闽东语 (mǐndōngyǔ)
- 閩江 / 闽江 (Mǐn Jiāng)
- 閩派 / 闽派
- 閩洛 / 闽洛
- 閩海 / 闽海
- 閩清 / 闽清 (Mǐnqīng)
- 閩粵 / 闽粤
- 閩荒 / 闽荒
- 閩虻 / 闽虻
- 閩蚋 / 闽蚋
- 閩西 / 闽西 (Mǐnxī)
- 閩語 / 闽语 (mǐnyǔ)
- 閩越 / 闽越 (Mǐnyuè)
- 閩都 / 闽都
- 閩關 / 闽关
- 閩隸 / 闽隶
See also
References
- “閩”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “闽（～越）”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 231.
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Japanese
Kanji
閩
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Readings
Compounds
- 閩越 (Bin'etsu): Minyue
- 閩江 (Binkō)
- 閩南語 (Binnango): Southern Min
- 洛閩の学 (rakubin no gaku)
- 濂洛関閩の学 (renrakukanbin no gaku)
Proper noun
- Min, one of the Ten Kingdoms of China
Korean
Hanja
閩 • (min) (hangeul 민, revised min, McCune–Reischauer min, Yale min)
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Vietnamese
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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