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-ke

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ke"

Dutch

Alternative forms

Etymology

From earlier -ken, from Middle Dutch -ken, -kin, -kijn, from Old Dutch *-kīn, apparently representing Proto-West Germanic *-ukīn, a double diminutive, from *-uk + *-īn.

The standard Dutch -tje and its variants are derived from -ke(n) through palatalization. Cognate with German -chen, Low German -ken, English -kin, -ock.

Pronunciation

  • Audio:(file)

Suffix

-ke n (plural -kes)

  1. (colloquial, Southern) synonym of -tje (“diminutive noun suffix”)
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Estonian

Alternative forms

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-ke (genitive -kese, partitive -kest)

  1. A noun suffix that builds (endearing) diminutives from nouns.
    • kivi (stone) → kivike (a small stone)

Usage notes

Diminutives can be stacked, yielding -kene, -keseke, -kesekene. The longer forms are rarely used, as they are used to further emphasize either on endearing or diminutive value.

Declension

More information Declension of (ÕS type 12/oluline, no gradation), singular ...
More information Declension of (ÕS type 10/soolane, no gradation), singular ...

Derived terms

Estonian terms suffixed with -ke
armuke
leevike
lõoke
merihobuke
Merike
osake
peenike
pääsuke
saiake
Tuulike
väike
äike
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Finnish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From -kka +‎ -e.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /-keˣ/, [-k̟e̞(ʔ)]

Suffix

-ke

  1. Forms diminutive forms of nouns.
    ‎aalto (“wave”) + ‎-ke → ‎aalloke (“wavelet”)
    ‎siipi (“wing”) + ‎-ke → ‎siiveke (“aileron”)
    ‎lause (“sentence”) + ‎-ke → ‎lauseke (“expression; phrase”)
  2. Forms nouns from verbs, often to describe the result of an action.
    ‎elää (“to live”) + ‎-ke → ‎eläke (“pension”)
    ‎seisahtaa (“to come to a standstill”) + ‎-ke → ‎seisake (“railway stop”)
  3. (rare) Forms nouns from adjectives.
    ‎lämmin (“warm”) + ‎-ke → ‎lämmike (“something used to warm up”)

Declension

More information nominative, genitive ...
More information first-person singular possessor, singular ...
More information nominative, genitive ...
More information first-person singular possessor, singular ...

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -ke
aalloke
aidake
ajankuluke
aloke
aluke
elvyke
eläke
haarake
haitake
hapoke
harjake
hauduke
hillike
hilloke
hioke
huipuke
huoneke
hyydyke
hyödyke
härpäke
imuke
irroke
jalake
jaoke
jasmike
juovukkeessa
Jäke
jäädyke
jäähdyke
kaareke
kaarroke
kaavake
kannake
karike
kelluke
kerake
kieleke
kiihdyke
kiihoke
kiilloke
kiinnike
kimmoke
kirjake
koroke
korvake
kostuke
kuopake
kuuloke
kuvake
lahdeke
lajike
lauseke
levike
levyke
liehuke
lievike
lihake
liimake
linnake
lipuke
listake
lisuke
lisäke
lohduke
lomake
lopuke
luvake
lyijyke
lämmike
maidoke
mureke
muroke
niemeke
nimeke
ohdake
ohuke
ojuke
olake
osake
otsake
paistike
parveke
peruke
pesäke
pidäke
pillike
pistoke
polveke
pujoke
pyöräke
rahake
ranneke
reuhake
reunake
riipuke
rohjake
rutjake
ruusuke
saareke
saastuke
salmeke
sammuke
sanake
sarake
sarveke
savuke
seinäke
seisake
seläke
siiveke
silmäke
simake
solmuke
suihkuseinäke
suitsuke
sulake
suluke
suolake
suulake
sytyke
säilyke
säpäke
tumake
tunnuke
turhake
turjake
tyydyke
tädyke
uloke
vaahdoke
vaimoke
varoke
vastake
venyke
veruke
viihdyke
viileke
virvoke
vouhake
vyöhyke
välike
yllyke
ärsyke

See also

References

Anagrams

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German Low German

Alternative forms

  • -ken (in other dialects)

Etymology

From Middle Low German -eken, from Old Saxon *-ukīn, from Proto-West Germanic *-ukīn. Compare German -chen, Dutch -ke.

Suffix

-ke n (noun plural -kes)

  1. (Low Prussian) Used to form the diminutive of nouns and hypocoristic forms of proper nouns and other parts of speech.
    Brotke ― bread
    Anke ― Annie
    Gottke ― God
    kommke ― come (second-person singular present imperative, hypocoristic)

References

  • Erhard Riemann (et al.), Preußisches Wörterbuch: deutsche Mundarten Ost- und Westpreußens (1974)
  • A. Treichel, Dialectische Räthsel, Reime und Märchen aus dem Ermlande, in Altpreussische Monatsschrift neue Folge. Der Preussischen Provinzial-Blätter vierte Folge, volume 27 (1890), edited by Rudolf Reicke and Ernst Wichert, pp. 327–332; on p. 332:
    Aus Braunsberg wird mir noch gemeldet (Pfr. Preuschoff), daß dort und in der Umgegend die Verkleinerungs-Endsilbe -chen und -lein, erstere in -ke verplattdeutscht, überaus häufig und überall angehängt werden, wie z. B. Jacke! nêke! kommke! Ebenso an Personennamen. Man hört die Schulkinder ihren Gefährten also zurufen: Albrechtke, Ehmke, Eadmannke (Erdmannchen), Wulfke u. s. w.
  • H. Frischbier, Preußisches Wörterbuch. Ost- und westpreußische Provinzialismen, volume 1, A–K (1882)
  • H. Frischbier, Preußisches Wörterbuch. Ost- und westpreußische Provinzialismen, volume 2, L–Z (1883)
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Hungarian

Etymology

From Proto-Finno-Ugric. Compare Finnish -kka and Estonian -ke.

Pronunciation

Suffix

-ke

  1. (diminutive suffix) Added to a word to express smallness, youth, unimportance, or endearment. When added to present participles, it can also express the instrument or place of the action indicated in the base word.
    ‎egy (“one”) + ‎-ke → ‎egyke (“only child”)
    ‎egér (“mouse”) + ‎-ke → ‎egérke (“tiny mouse”)
    ül (“to sit”) → ülő (“sitting”) → ülőke (“seat, small seat”)

Usage notes

  • (diminutive suffix) Variants:
    -ka is added to back-vowel words
    -ke is added to front-vowel words

Derived terms

Hungarian adjectives suffixed with -ke
hetyke
szőke
szürke
Hungarian nouns suffixed with -ke
büdöske
kecske
pintyőke
tőke
tüske
Hungarian diminutive nouns suffixed with -ke
címke
csipetke
dédike
egyke
emberke
fülke
kenderike
lebenyke
pintyőke
szegényke
szekrényke
Hungarian proper nouns suffixed with -ke
Emőke
Hófehérke
Ildike
Mikike
Péterke

See also

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Ingrian

Etymology

From -kka +‎ -e. Akin to Finnish -ke.

Pronunciation

Suffix

-ke

  1. (rare, unproductive) Used to form nouns from adjectives.

Declension

More information Declension of (type 6/lähe, kk-k gradation), singular ...

Derived terms

Ingrian terms suffixed with -ke
lämmike
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Japanese

Romanization

-ke

  1. Rōmaji transcription of け

Lingala

Etymology

See the Lingala adjective ke.

Adjective

-ke

  1. small

Mohawk

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-North Iroquoian *keh.

Suffix

-ke

  1. locative suffix in, at

Derived terms

Mohawk terms suffixed with -ke
Onontaʼkehá꞉kaʼ
Wahstonhronòn꞉ke

References

  • Nora Deering; Helga H. Delisle (1976), Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, page 104

Nǀuu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Suffix

-ke

  1. plural maker

References

  • Sands, Bonny & Jones, Kerry & Esau, Katrina & Collins, Chris & Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena & Job, Sylvanus & Miller, Amanda & Steyn, Betta & Zaanen, Menno & Namaseb, Levi & Berg, Dietloff & Mantzel, Dotty & Damarah, Willem & Snyman, Claudia & Wyk, David & Brugman, Johanna & Exter, Mats & Vaalbooi, Antjie & Westhuizen, Mietjie. (2022). Nǀuuki Namagowab Afrikaans English ǂXoakiǂxanisi/Mîdi di ǂKhanis/Woordeboek/Dictionary
  • Güldemann, Tom. “"Back to normal?" - ditransitives in the Tuu family.” (2007).
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South Slavey

Pronunciation

Suffix

-ke

  1. Used to form collective nouns.

Usage notes

  • Follows the suffixes -ah and -cho, as well as the possessive suffix:
    ‎dene (“person”) + ‎-ke → ‎deneke (“people”)
    ‎sedeneé (“my person”) + ‎-ke → ‎sedeneéke (“my people”)

Derived terms

South Slavey terms suffixed with -ke
deneke

References

  • Keren Rice (1989), A Grammar of Slave, Berlin, West Germany: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 247
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West Frisian

Alternative forms

  • -tsje after the consonants [l], [n], [t] and [d].

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn, *-ukīn. Cognate with Dutch -tje, French -quin German -chen, Old English -cen, and Old Norse -ki.

Pronunciation

Suffix

-ke

  1. suffix forming diminutives from nouns

Usage notes

  • This suffix is attached to a stem ending in a vowel or diphthong, or one of the consonants [m], [p], [f], [s], or [r].

References

  • “-ke”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Ye'kwana

More information ALIV, Brazilian standard ...

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

  • -che (allomorph after i)

Suffix

-ke

  1. forms adverbs from nouns with a resulting meaning of ‘having X’, ‘with X’; must be accompanied by the prefix t- and can also follow a possessive suffix -i
Usage notes

It is unclear if t- -ke is best analyzed as an adverbializing circumfix or as a separate unspecified person prefix t- and adverbializing suffix -ke.

Etymology 2

Suffix

-ke

  1. only used in -kene (distant past imperfective suffix).
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Suffix

-ke

  1. allomorph of -e (adverbializer) used for stems with a reducing final syllable that begins with k

References

  • Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “-ke”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎, Lyon, pages 150–151, 213–222

Zulu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-ke

  1. now
  2. and so
  3. then
  4. very well
    Yeboke.
    Yes, very well.

Usage notes

The suffix is usually affixed to the first word of the sentence.

References

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