Etymology
A confluence of a variant of the continuative verb ending -ia (stem -i-) and the verb ending -ita (stem -itse-); when either of these were attached to a-stem verbs, the final -a- underwent regular labialization (compare the development of the plural stem -oi-). The latter suffix explains the older form -oita with inflection stem -oitse- (still accepted in some verbs, such as tupakoida), but these were later simplified (in part by influence from verbs like voida). Later used to calque Swedish -era verbs.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /-oi̯dɑˣ/, [-o̞i̯dɑ̝(ʔ)]
- -Oi- is always (secondarily) stressed, unless it is in the second syllable in the verb. For example, dokumentoida is /ˈdo.ku.menˌtoi̯.dɑˣ/ instead of */ˈdo.kuˌmen.toi̯.dɑˣ/.
Suffix
-oida (front vowel harmony variant -öidä, stem -oi- or -oitse-, linguistic notation -Oi- or -Oitse- or -OidA)
- Forms verbs from nouns or adjectives.
- satula (“saddle”) + -oida → satuloida (“to saddle”)
- neliö (“square”) + -oida → neliöidä (“to square”)
- Forms verbs from foreign verbs.
- English reset + -oida → resetoida (“to reset”)
- English glorify + -oida → glorifioida (“to glorify”)
Conjugation
More information indicative mood, present tense ...
| Inflection of -oida (Kotus type 62/voida, no gradation) |
| indicative mood |
| present tense |
perfect |
| 1st sing. |
-oin |
en -oi |
1st sing. |
olen -oinut |
en ole -oinut |
| 2nd sing. |
-oit |
et -oi |
2nd sing. |
olet -oinut |
et ole -oinut |
| 3rd sing. |
-oi |
ei -oi |
3rd sing. |
on -oinut |
ei ole -oinut |
| 1st plur. |
-oimme |
emme -oi |
1st plur. |
olemme -oineet |
emme ole -oineet |
| 2nd plur. |
-oitte |
ette -oi |
2nd plur. |
olette -oineet |
ette ole -oineet |
| 3rd plur. |
-oivat |
eivät -oi |
3rd plur. |
ovat -oineet |
eivät ole -oineet |
| passive |
-oidaan |
ei -oida |
passive |
on -oitu |
ei ole -oitu |
| past tense |
pluperfect |
| 1st sing. |
-oin |
en -oinut |
1st sing. |
olin -oinut |
en ollut -oinut |
| 2nd sing. |
-oit |
et -oinut |
2nd sing. |
olit -oinut |
et ollut -oinut |
| 3rd sing. |
-oi |
ei -oinut |
3rd sing. |
oli -oinut |
ei ollut -oinut |
| 1st plur. |
-oimme |
emme -oineet |
1st plur. |
olimme -oineet |
emme olleet -oineet |
| 2nd plur. |
-oitte |
ette -oineet |
2nd plur. |
olitte -oineet |
ette olleet -oineet |
| 3rd plur. |
-oivat |
eivät -oineet |
3rd plur. |
olivat -oineet |
eivät olleet -oineet |
| passive |
-oitiin |
ei -oitu |
passive |
oli -oitu |
ei ollut -oitu |
| conditional mood |
| present |
perfect |
| 1st sing. |
-oisin |
en -oisi |
1st sing. |
olisin -oinut |
en olisi -oinut |
| 2nd sing. |
-oisit |
et -oisi |
2nd sing. |
olisit -oinut |
et olisi -oinut |
| 3rd sing. |
-oisi |
ei -oisi |
3rd sing. |
olisi -oinut |
ei olisi -oinut |
| 1st plur. |
-oisimme |
emme -oisi |
1st plur. |
olisimme -oineet |
emme olisi -oineet |
| 2nd plur. |
-oisitte |
ette -oisi |
2nd plur. |
olisitte -oineet |
ette olisi -oineet |
| 3rd plur. |
-oisivat |
eivät -oisi |
3rd plur. |
olisivat -oineet |
eivät olisi -oineet |
| passive |
-oitaisiin |
ei -oitaisi |
passive |
olisi -oitu |
ei olisi -oitu |
| imperative mood |
| present |
perfect |
| 1st sing. |
— |
— |
1st sing. |
— |
— |
| 2nd sing. |
-oi |
älä -oi |
2nd sing. |
— |
— |
| 3rd sing. |
-oikoon |
älköön -oiko |
3rd sing. |
olkoon -oinut |
älköön olko -oinut |
| 1st plur. |
-oikaamme |
älkäämme -oiko |
1st plur. |
— |
— |
| 2nd plur. |
-oikaa |
älkää -oiko |
2nd plur. |
— |
— |
| 3rd plur. |
-oikoot |
älkööt -oiko |
3rd plur. |
olkoot -oineet |
älkööt olko -oineet |
| passive |
-oitakoon |
älköön -oitako |
passive |
olkoon -oitu |
älköön olko -oitu |
| potential mood |
| present |
perfect |
| 1st sing. |
-oinen |
en -oine |
1st sing. |
lienen -oinut |
en liene -oinut |
| 2nd sing. |
-oinet |
et -oine |
2nd sing. |
lienet -oinut |
et liene -oinut |
| 3rd sing. |
-oinee |
ei -oine |
3rd sing. |
lienee -oinut |
ei liene -oinut |
| 1st plur. |
-oinemme |
emme -oine |
1st plur. |
lienemme -oineet |
emme liene -oineet |
| 2nd plur. |
-oinette |
ette -oine |
2nd plur. |
lienette -oineet |
ette liene -oineet |
| 3rd plur. |
-oinevat |
eivät -oine |
3rd plur. |
lienevät -oineet |
eivät liene -oineet |
| passive |
-oitaneen |
ei -oitane |
passive |
lienee -oitu |
ei liene -oitu |
| Nominal forms |
| infinitives |
participles |
|
active |
passive |
|
active |
passive |
| 1st |
-oida |
present |
-oiva |
-oitava |
| long 1st1 |
| Person |
sing. |
plur. |
| 1st |
-oidakseni |
-oidaksemme |
| 2nd |
-oidaksesi |
-oidaksenne |
| 3rd |
-oidakseen
-oidaksensa |
|
past |
-oinut |
-oitu |
| 2nd |
inessive2 |
-oidessa |
-oitaessa |
agent4 |
-oima |
| Person |
sing. |
plur. |
| 1st |
-oidessani |
-oidessamme |
| 2nd |
-oidessasi |
-oidessanne |
| 3rd |
-oidessaan
-oidessansa |
|
negative |
-oimaton |
| instructive |
-oiden |
— |
1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).
4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones ( more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms. |
| 3rd |
inessive |
-oimassa |
— |
| elative |
-oimasta |
— |
| illative |
-oimaan |
— |
| adessive |
-oimalla |
— |
| abessive |
-oimatta |
— |
| instructive |
-oiman |
-oitaman |
| 4th3 |
verbal noun |
-oiminen |
| 5th1 |
| Person |
sing. |
plur. |
| 1st |
-oimaisillani |
-oimaisillamme |
| 2nd |
-oimaisillasi |
-oimaisillanne |
| 3rd |
-oimaisillaan
-oimaisillansa |
|
Close
More information indicative mood, present tense ...
| Inflection of -oida (Kotus type 68/tupakoida, no gradation) |
| indicative mood |
| present tense |
perfect |
| 1st sing. |
-oin
-oitsen |
en -oi
en -oitse |
1st sing. |
olen -oinut |
en ole -oinut |
| 2nd sing. |
-oit
-oitset |
et -oi
et -oitse |
2nd sing. |
olet -oinut |
et ole -oinut |
| 3rd sing. |
-oi
-oitsee |
ei -oi
ei -oitse |
3rd sing. |
on -oinut |
ei ole -oinut |
| 1st plur. |
-oimme
-oitsemme |
emme -oi
emme -oitse |
1st plur. |
olemme -oineet |
emme ole -oineet |
| 2nd plur. |
-oitte
-oitsette |
ette -oi
ette -oitse |
2nd plur. |
olette -oineet |
ette ole -oineet |
| 3rd plur. |
-oivat
-oitsevat |
eivät -oi
eivät -oitse |
3rd plur. |
ovat -oineet |
eivät ole -oineet |
| passive |
-oidaan |
ei -oida |
passive |
on -oitu |
ei ole -oitu |
| past tense |
pluperfect |
| 1st sing. |
-oin
-oitsin |
en -oinut |
1st sing. |
olin -oinut |
en ollut -oinut |
| 2nd sing. |
-oit
-oitsit |
et -oinut |
2nd sing. |
olit -oinut |
et ollut -oinut |
| 3rd sing. |
-oi
-oitsi |
ei -oinut |
3rd sing. |
oli -oinut |
ei ollut -oinut |
| 1st plur. |
-oimme
-oitsimme |
emme -oineet |
1st plur. |
olimme -oineet |
emme olleet -oineet |
| 2nd plur. |
-oitte
-oitsitte |
ette -oineet |
2nd plur. |
olitte -oineet |
ette olleet -oineet |
| 3rd plur. |
-oivat
-oitsivat |
eivät -oineet |
3rd plur. |
olivat -oineet |
eivät olleet -oineet |
| passive |
-oitiin |
ei -oitu |
passive |
oli -oitu |
ei ollut -oitu |
| conditional mood |
| present |
perfect |
| 1st sing. |
-oisin
-oitsisin |
en -oisi
en -oitsisi |
1st sing. |
olisin -oinut |
en olisi -oinut |
| 2nd sing. |
-oisit
-oitsisit |
et -oisi
et -oitsisi |
2nd sing. |
olisit -oinut |
et olisi -oinut |
| 3rd sing. |
-oisi
-oitsisi |
ei -oisi
ei -oitsisi |
3rd sing. |
olisi -oinut |
ei olisi -oinut |
| 1st plur. |
-oisimme
-oitsisimme |
emme -oisi
emme -oitsisi |
1st plur. |
olisimme -oineet |
emme olisi -oineet |
| 2nd plur. |
-oisitte
-oitsisitte |
ette -oisi
ette -oitsisi |
2nd plur. |
olisitte -oineet |
ette olisi -oineet |
| 3rd plur. |
-oisivat
-oitsisivat |
eivät -oisi
eivät -oitsisi |
3rd plur. |
olisivat -oineet |
eivät olisi -oineet |
| passive |
-oitaisiin |
ei -oitaisi |
passive |
olisi -oitu |
ei olisi -oitu |
| imperative mood |
| present |
perfect |
| 1st sing. |
— |
— |
1st sing. |
— |
— |
| 2nd sing. |
-oi
-oitse |
älä -oi
älä -oitse |
2nd sing. |
— |
— |
| 3rd sing. |
-oikoon |
älköön -oiko |
3rd sing. |
olkoon -oinut |
älköön olko -oinut |
| 1st plur. |
-oikaamme |
älkäämme -oiko |
1st plur. |
— |
— |
| 2nd plur. |
-oikaa |
älkää -oiko |
2nd plur. |
— |
— |
| 3rd plur. |
-oikoot |
älkööt -oiko |
3rd plur. |
olkoot -oineet |
älkööt olko -oineet |
| passive |
-oitakoon |
älköön -oitako |
passive |
olkoon -oitu |
älköön olko -oitu |
| potential mood |
| present |
perfect |
| 1st sing. |
-oinen |
en -oine |
1st sing. |
lienen -oinut |
en liene -oinut |
| 2nd sing. |
-oinet |
et -oine |
2nd sing. |
lienet -oinut |
et liene -oinut |
| 3rd sing. |
-oinee |
ei -oine |
3rd sing. |
lienee -oinut |
ei liene -oinut |
| 1st plur. |
-oinemme |
emme -oine |
1st plur. |
lienemme -oineet |
emme liene -oineet |
| 2nd plur. |
-oinette |
ette -oine |
2nd plur. |
lienette -oineet |
ette liene -oineet |
| 3rd plur. |
-oinevat |
eivät -oine |
3rd plur. |
lienevät -oineet |
eivät liene -oineet |
| passive |
-oitaneen |
ei -oitane |
passive |
lienee -oitu |
ei liene -oitu |
| Nominal forms |
| infinitives |
participles |
|
active |
passive |
|
active |
passive |
| 1st |
-oida |
present |
-oiva
-oitseva |
-oitava |
| long 1st1 |
| Person |
sing. |
plur. |
| 1st |
-oidakseni |
-oidaksemme |
| 2nd |
-oidaksesi |
-oidaksenne |
| 3rd |
-oidakseen
-oidaksensa |
|
past |
-oinut |
-oitu |
| 2nd |
inessive2 |
-oidessa |
-oitaessa |
agent4 |
-oima
-oitsema |
| Person |
sing. |
plur. |
| 1st |
-oidessani |
-oidessamme |
| 2nd |
-oidessasi |
-oidessanne |
| 3rd |
-oidessaan
-oidessansa |
|
negative |
-oimaton
-oitsematon |
| instructive |
-oiden |
— |
1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).
4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones ( more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms. |
| 3rd |
inessive |
-oimassa
-oitsemassa |
— |
| elative |
-oimasta
-oitsemasta |
— |
| illative |
-oimaan
-oitsemaan |
— |
| adessive |
-oimalla
-oitsemalla |
— |
| abessive |
-oimatta
-oitsematta |
— |
| instructive |
-oiman
-oitseman |
-oitaman |
| 4th3 |
verbal noun |
-oiminen
-oitseminen |
| 5th1 |
| Person |
sing. |
plur. |
| 1st |
-oimaisillani |
-oimaisillamme |
| 2nd |
-oimaisillasi |
-oimaisillanne |
| 3rd |
-oimaisillaan
-oimaisillansa |
| Person |
sing. |
plur. |
| 1st |
-oitsemaisillani |
-oitsemaisillamme |
| 2nd |
-oitsemaisillasi |
-oitsemaisillanne |
| 3rd |
-oitsemaisillaan
-oitsemaisillansa |
|
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