|
positive |
negative |
|
infinitive |
ukufana |
ukungafani |
|
|
imperative |
|
simple |
+ object concord |
singular |
fana |
-fane |
plural |
fanani |
-faneni |
|
present |
|
positive absolute |
positive relative |
positive participial |
negative absolute |
negative relative |
negative participial |
1st singular |
ngiyafana, ngifana |
engifanayo, engifana |
ngifana |
angifani |
engingafani |
ngingafani |
2nd singular |
uyafana, ufana |
ofanayo, ofana |
ufana |
awufani |
ongafani |
ungafani |
1st plural |
siyafana, sifana |
esifanayo, esifana |
sifana |
asifani |
esingafani |
singafani |
2nd plural |
niyafana, nifana |
enifanayo, enifana |
nifana |
anifani |
eningafani |
ningafani |
class 1 |
uyafana, ufana |
ofanayo, ofana |
efana |
akafani |
ongafani |
engafani |
class 2 |
bayafana, bafana |
abafanayo, abafana |
befana |
abafani |
abangafani |
bengafani |
class 3 |
uyafana, ufana |
ofanayo, ofana |
ufana |
awufani |
ongafani |
ungafani |
class 4 |
iyafana, ifana |
efanayo, efana |
ifana |
ayifani |
engafani |
ingafani |
class 5 |
liyafana, lifana |
elifanayo, elifana |
lifana |
alifani |
elingafani |
lingafani |
class 6 |
ayafana, afana |
afanayo, afana |
efana |
awafani |
angafani |
engafani |
class 7 |
siyafana, sifana |
esifanayo, esifana |
sifana |
asifani |
esingafani |
singafani |
class 8 |
ziyafana, zifana |
ezifanayo, ezifana |
zifana |
azifani |
ezingafani |
zingafani |
class 9 |
iyafana, ifana |
efanayo, efana |
ifana |
ayifani |
engafani |
ingafani |
class 10 |
ziyafana, zifana |
ezifanayo, ezifana |
zifana |
azifani |
ezingafani |
zingafani |
class 11 |
luyafana, lufana |
olufanayo, olufana |
lufana |
alufani |
olungafani |
lungafani |
class 14 |
buyafana, bufana |
obufanayo, obufana |
bufana |
abufani |
obungafani |
bungafani |
class 15 |
kuyafana, kufana |
okufanayo, okufana |
kufana |
akufani |
okungafani |
kungafani |
class 17 |
kuyafana, kufana |
okufanayo, okufana |
kufana |
akufani |
okungafani |
kungafani |
|
recent past |
|
positive absolute |
positive relative |
positive participial |
negative absolute |
negative relative |
negative participial |
1st singular |
ngifanile, ngifanē |
engifanile, engifanē |
ngifanile, ngifanē |
angifananga |
engingafananga |
ngingafananga |
2nd singular |
ufanile, ufanē |
ofanile, ofanē |
ufanile, ufanē |
awufananga |
ongafananga |
ungafananga |
1st plural |
sifanile, sifanē |
esifanile, esifanē |
sifanile, sifanē |
asifananga |
esingafananga |
singafananga |
2nd plural |
nifanile, nifanē |
enifanile, enifanē |
nifanile, nifanē |
anifananga |
eningafananga |
ningafananga |
class 1 |
ufanile, ufanē |
ofanile, ofanē |
efanile, efanē |
akafananga |
ongafananga |
engafananga |
class 2 |
bafanile, bafanē |
abafanile, abafanē |
befanile, befanē |
abafananga |
abangafananga |
bengafananga |
class 3 |
ufanile, ufanē |
ofanile, ofanē |
ufanile, ufanē |
awufananga |
ongafananga |
ungafananga |
class 4 |
ifanile, ifanē |
efanile, efanē |
ifanile, ifanē |
ayifananga |
engafananga |
ingafananga |
class 5 |
lifanile, lifanē |
elifanile, elifanē |
lifanile, lifanē |
alifananga |
elingafananga |
lingafananga |
class 6 |
afanile, afanē |
afanile, afanē |
efanile, efanē |
awafananga |
angafananga |
engafananga |
class 7 |
sifanile, sifanē |
esifanile, esifanē |
sifanile, sifanē |
asifananga |
esingafananga |
singafananga |
class 8 |
zifanile, zifanē |
ezifanile, ezifanē |
zifanile, zifanē |
azifananga |
ezingafananga |
zingafananga |
class 9 |
ifanile, ifanē |
efanile, efanē |
ifanile, ifanē |
ayifananga |
engafananga |
ingafananga |
class 10 |
zifanile, zifanē |
ezifanile, ezifanē |
zifanile, zifanē |
azifananga |
ezingafananga |
zingafananga |
class 11 |
lufanile, lufanē |
olufanile, olufanē |
lufanile, lufanē |
alufananga |
olungafananga |
lungafananga |
class 14 |
bufanile, bufanē |
obufanile, obufanē |
bufanile, bufanē |
abufananga |
obungafananga |
bungafananga |
class 15 |
kufanile, kufanē |
okufanile, okufanē |
kufanile, kufanē |
akufananga |
okungafananga |
kungafananga |
class 17 |
kufanile, kufanē |
okufanile, okufanē |
kufanile, kufanē |
akufananga |
okungafananga |
kungafananga |
|
remote past |
|
positive absolute |
positive relative |
positive participial |
negative absolute |
negative relative |
negative participial |
1st singular |
ngāfana |
engāfana |
ngāfana |
angifananga |
engingafananga |
ngingafananga |
2nd singular |
wāfana |
owāfana |
wāfana |
awufananga |
ongafananga |
ungafananga |
1st plural |
sāfana |
esāfana |
sāfana |
asifananga |
esingafananga |
singafananga |
2nd plural |
nāfana |
enāfana |
nāfana |
anifananga |
eningafananga |
ningafananga |
class 1 |
wāfana |
owāfana |
āfana |
akafananga |
ongafananga |
engafananga |
class 2 |
bāfana |
abāfana |
bāfana |
abafananga |
abangafananga |
bengafananga |
class 3 |
wāfana |
owāfana |
wāfana |
awufananga |
ongafananga |
ungafananga |
class 4 |
yāfana |
eyāfana |
yāfana |
ayifananga |
engafananga |
ingafananga |
class 5 |
lāfana |
elāfana |
lāfana |
alifananga |
elingafananga |
lingafananga |
class 6 |
āfana |
āfana |
āfana |
awafananga |
angafananga |
engafananga |
class 7 |
sāfana |
esāfana |
sāfana |
asifananga |
esingafananga |
singafananga |
class 8 |
zāfana |
ezāfana |
zāfana |
azifananga |
ezingafananga |
zingafananga |
class 9 |
yāfana |
eyāfana |
yāfana |
ayifananga |
engafananga |
ingafananga |
class 10 |
zāfana |
ezāfana |
zāfana |
azifananga |
ezingafananga |
zingafananga |
class 11 |
lwāfana |
olwāfana |
lwāfana |
alufananga |
olungafananga |
lungafananga |
class 14 |
bāfana |
obāfana |
bāfana |
abufananga |
obungafananga |
bungafananga |
class 15 |
kwāfana |
okwāfana |
kwāfana |
akufananga |
okungafananga |
kungafananga |
class 17 |
kwāfana |
okwāfana |
kwāfana |
akufananga |
okungafananga |
kungafananga |
|
potential |
|
positive absolute |
positive relative |
positive participial |
negative absolute |
negative relative |
negative participial |
1st singular |
ngingafana |
— |
ngingafana |
ngingefane |
— |
ngingefane |
2nd singular |
ungafana |
— |
ungafana |
ungefane |
— |
ungefane |
1st plural |
singafana |
— |
singafana |
singefane |
— |
singefane |
2nd plural |
ningafana |
— |
ningafana |
ningefane |
— |
ningefane |
class 1 |
angafana |
— |
engafana |
angefane |
— |
engefane |
class 2 |
bangafana |
— |
bengafana |
bangefane |
— |
bengefane |
class 3 |
ungafana |
— |
ungafana |
ungefane |
— |
ungefane |
class 4 |
ingafana |
— |
ingafana |
ingefane |
— |
ingefane |
class 5 |
lingafana |
— |
lingafana |
lingefane |
— |
lingefane |
class 6 |
angafana |
— |
engafana |
angefane |
— |
engefane |
class 7 |
singafana |
— |
singafana |
singefane |
— |
singefane |
class 8 |
zingafana |
— |
zingafana |
zingefane |
— |
zingefane |
class 9 |
ingafana |
— |
ingafana |
ingefane |
— |
ingefane |
class 10 |
zingafana |
— |
zingafana |
zingefane |
— |
zingefane |
class 11 |
lungafana |
— |
lungafana |
lungefane |
— |
lungefane |
class 14 |
bungafana |
— |
bungafana |
bungefane |
— |
bungefane |
class 15 |
kungafana |
— |
kungafana |
kungefane |
— |
kungefane |
class 17 |
kungafana |
— |
kungafana |
kungefane |
— |
kungefane |
|
immediate future |
|
positive absolute |
positive relative |
positive participial |
negative absolute |
negative relative |
negative participial |
1st singular |
ngizofana |
engizofana |
ngizofana |
angizufana |
engingezufana |
ngingezufana |
2nd singular |
uzofana |
ozofana |
uzofana |
awuzufana |
ongezufana |
ungezufana |
1st plural |
sizofana |
esizofana |
sizofana |
asizufana |
esingezufana |
singezufana |
2nd plural |
nizofana |
enizofana |
nizofana |
anizufana |
eningezufana |
ningezufana |
class 1 |
uzofana |
ozofana |
ezofana |
akazufana |
ongezufana |
engezufana |
class 2 |
bazofana |
abazofana |
bezofana |
abazufana |
abangezufana |
bengezufana |
class 3 |
uzofana |
ozofana |
uzofana |
awuzufana |
ongezufana |
ungezufana |
class 4 |
izofana |
ezofana |
izofana |
ayizufana |
engezufana |
ingezufana |
class 5 |
lizofana |
elizofana |
lizofana |
alizufana |
elingezufana |
lingezufana |
class 6 |
azofana |
azofana |
ezofana |
awazufana |
angezufana |
engezufana |
class 7 |
sizofana |
esizofana |
sizofana |
asizufana |
esingezufana |
singezufana |
class 8 |
zizofana |
ezizofana |
zizofana |
azizufana |
ezingezufana |
zingezufana |
class 9 |
izofana |
ezofana |
izofana |
ayizufana |
engezufana |
ingezufana |
class 10 |
zizofana |
ezizofana |
zizofana |
azizufana |
ezingezufana |
zingezufana |
class 11 |
luzofana |
oluzofana |
luzofana |
aluzufana |
olungezufana |
lungezufana |
class 14 |
buzofana |
obuzofana |
buzofana |
abuzufana |
obungezufana |
bungezufana |
class 15 |
kuzofana |
okuzofana |
kuzofana |
akuzufana |
okungezufana |
kungezufana |
class 17 |
kuzofana |
okuzofana |
kuzofana |
akuzufana |
okungezufana |
kungezufana |
|
remote future |
|
positive absolute |
positive relative |
positive participial |
negative absolute |
negative relative |
negative participial |
1st singular |
ngiyofana |
engiyofana |
ngiyofana |
angiyufana |
engingeyufana |
ngingeyufana |
2nd singular |
uyofana |
oyofana |
uyofana |
awuyufana |
ongeyufana |
ungeyufana |
1st plural |
siyofana |
esiyofana |
siyofana |
asiyufana |
esingeyufana |
singeyufana |
2nd plural |
niyofana |
eniyofana |
niyofana |
aniyufana |
eningeyufana |
ningeyufana |
class 1 |
uyofana |
oyofana |
eyofana |
akayufana |
ongeyufana |
engeyufana |
class 2 |
bayofana |
abayofana |
beyofana |
abayufana |
abangeyufana |
bengeyufana |
class 3 |
uyofana |
oyofana |
uyofana |
awuyufana |
ongeyufana |
ungeyufana |
class 4 |
iyofana |
eyofana |
iyofana |
ayiyufana |
engeyufana |
ingeyufana |
class 5 |
liyofana |
eliyofana |
liyofana |
aliyufana |
elingeyufana |
lingeyufana |
class 6 |
ayofana |
ayofana |
eyofana |
awayufana |
angeyufana |
engeyufana |
class 7 |
siyofana |
esiyofana |
siyofana |
asiyufana |
esingeyufana |
singeyufana |
class 8 |
ziyofana |
eziyofana |
ziyofana |
aziyufana |
ezingeyufana |
zingeyufana |
class 9 |
iyofana |
eyofana |
iyofana |
ayiyufana |
engeyufana |
ingeyufana |
class 10 |
ziyofana |
eziyofana |
ziyofana |
aziyufana |
ezingeyufana |
zingeyufana |
class 11 |
luyofana |
oluyofana |
luyofana |
aluyufana |
olungeyufana |
lungeyufana |
class 14 |
buyofana |
obuyofana |
buyofana |
abuyufana |
obungeyufana |
bungeyufana |
class 15 |
kuyofana |
okuyofana |
kuyofana |
akuyufana |
okungeyufana |
kungeyufana |
class 17 |
kuyofana |
okuyofana |
kuyofana |
akuyufana |
okungeyufana |
kungeyufana |
|
|
present subjunctive |
|
positive |
negative |
1st singular |
ngifane |
ngingafani |
2nd singular |
ufane |
ungafani |
1st plural |
sifane |
singafani |
2nd plural |
nifane |
ningafani |
class 1 |
afane |
angafani |
class 2 |
bafane |
bangafani |
class 3 |
ufane |
ungafani |
class 4 |
ifane |
ingafani |
class 5 |
lifane |
lingafani |
class 6 |
afane |
angafani |
class 7 |
sifane |
singafani |
class 8 |
zifane |
zingafani |
class 9 |
ifane |
ingafani |
class 10 |
zifane |
zingafani |
class 11 |
lufane |
lungafani |
class 14 |
bufane |
bungafani |
class 15 |
kufane |
kungafani |
class 17 |
kufane |
kungafani |
|
|
past subjunctive |
|
positive |
negative |
1st singular |
ngafana |
ngangafana, angafana, angangafana |
2nd singular |
wafana |
wangafana, awafana, awangafana |
1st plural |
safana |
sangafana, asafana, asangafana |
2nd plural |
nafana |
nangafana, anafana, anangafana |
class 1 |
wafana |
wangafana, akafana, akangafana |
class 2 |
bafana |
bangafana, abafana, abangafana |
class 3 |
wafana |
wangafana, awafana, awangafana |
class 4 |
yafana |
yangafana, ayafana, ayangafana |
class 5 |
lafana |
langafana, alafana, alangafana |
class 6 |
afana |
angafana, awafana, awangafana |
class 7 |
safana |
sangafana, asafana, asangafana |
class 8 |
zafana |
zangafana, azafana, azangafana |
class 9 |
yafana |
yangafana, ayafana, ayangafana |
class 10 |
zafana |
zangafana, azafana, azangafana |
class 11 |
lwafana |
lwangafana, alwafana, alwangafana |
class 14 |
bafana |
bangafana, abafana, abangafana |
class 15 |
kwafana |
kwangafana, akwafana, akwangafana |
class 17 |
kwafana |
kwangafana, akwafana, akwangafana |