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na-

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "na"

Languages (26)

Azerbaijani • Big Nambas • Chichewa • Curripaco • Czech • Dutch • Gunwinggu • Hawaiian • Ilocano • Kambera • Makasar • Mwotlap • Navajo • Old English • Old Polish • Polish • Slovene • Slovincian • Swahili • Tagalog • Ternate • Tumbuka • Turkish • West Makian • Xhosa • Zulu

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Azerbaijani

More information Cyrillic, Abjad ...

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian (nâ-).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [nɑ]

Prefix

na- (rarely productive)

un-, non-, in-
Synonym: qeyri-

‎na- + ‎tamam (“complete”) → ‎natamam (“incomplete”)
-less
Synonym: -siz

‎na- + ‎ümid (“hope”) → ‎naümid (“hopeless”)

Derived terms

Azerbaijani terms prefixed with na-

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Big Nambas

Alternative forms

n-

Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *na.

Article

na-

The noun article. Added to nouns and verb stems to affirm nominal use. Has an element of definiteness. Also used in derivation.

Derived terms

Big Nambas terms prefixed with na-

References

Big Nambas Grammar Pacific Linguistics - G.J. Fox

Chichewa

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ná/

Prefix

ná-

Prefixed to a traditional Chewa clan name to denote a woman belonging to that clan.

Curripaco

Prefix

na-

third person plural agent marker

References

Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN, page 398

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech na-, from Proto-Slavic *na-. Doublet of ná-. From the preposition na.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [na ]

Prefix

na-

a prefix, often used where English would use a phrasal verb with on
(as an imperfective verb) (often used with se) intensification: added to mean a lot
‎na- + ‎představovat se (“present onself”) → ‎napředstavovat se (“present oneself many times”)

Derived terms

Czech terms prefixed with na-

Further reading

na- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

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Dutch

Etymology

Derived from the preposition na

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)

Prefix

na-

after

Antonyms

Derived terms

Dutch terms prefixed with na-

Gunwinggu

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /na-/

Prefix

na-

male prefix added onto human words.

Related terms

ngal-

References

Steven and Narelle Etherington, Kunwinjku Kunwok: A Short Introduction to Kunwinjku Language and Society (third edition, 1998)

Hawaiian

Prefix

na-

alternative form of nā-

Derived terms

Hawaiian terms prefixed with na-

Further reading

na- in Combined Hawaiian Dictionary, at trussel2.com.

Ilocano

Prefix

na- (Kur-itan spelling ᜈ)

forms adjectives indicating a quality
‎na- + ‎dalus (“cleanliness”) → ‎nadalus (“clean”)

Derived terms

Kambera

Pronoun

na-

third person singular nominative proclitic

See also

More information nominative, genitive ...

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Makasar

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [na]

Pronoun

na- (nominative proclitic, Lontara spelling ᨊ)

he, she, it, they (third person singular and plural)

See also

More information independent, absolutive ...

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Mwotlap

Etymology

From Proto-Torres-Banks *na, from Proto-Oceanic *na (“noun article”).

Article

na-

a, the (singular article for common nouns)

Morphophonology

When followed by a noun starting with a vowel, the vowel of na- is elided:

na- +‎ ēm̄ → nēm̄ (“house”)

When followed by a noun starting with a single consonant, na- normally changes its vowel to a clone of the vowel in the next syllable:

na- +‎ bē → nēbē (“water”)

na- +‎ vinhe → nivinhe (“bamboo”)

When followed by a noun starting with two underlying consonants, na- normally remains unchanged:

na- +‎ l(ō)qōvēn → nalqōvēn (“woman”)

Semantics

General determiner; does not encode definiteness.
Forms the determinate form of most nouns.
For [+human] referents, the number value is singular, contrasting with dual yoge, trial tēlge, plural ige.

nalqōvēn (“a woman”)

— opp. yoge lōqōvēn (“two women”), tēlge lōqōvēn (“three women”), ige lōqōvēn (“women”).

For [-human] referents, the number value of the article is unspecified.

nēbē (“water”)

nēm̄ (“a house, houses; the house, the houses”)

References

François, Alexandre. 2005. A typological overview of Mwotlap, an Oceanic language of Vanuatu. Linguistic typology 9 (1): 115–146. DOI:10.1515/lity.2005.9.1.115.
François, Alexandre. 2007. Noun articles in Torres and Banks languages: Conservation and innovation. In Siegel, Jeff; Lynch, John; Eades, Diana (eds.), Language Description, History and Development: Linguistic indulgence in memory of Terry Crowley, 313–326. (Creole Language Library 30) Amsterdam: Benjamins.

Navajo

Etymology 1

Prefix

na-

Marks the continuative aspect, describing actions that take place over an indefinite time and move without a fixed direction or goal. Can also be translated as 'around about, here and there,' and is sometimes referred to as an atelic prefix.
‎na- + ‎-nish (“work”) → ‎naalnish (“have a job, work”)

Usage notes

This prefix is realized as ni- before the fourth-person prefix ji-, the distributive plural prefix da-, and all of the si- perfective prefixes except s/z-: nijiné (“someone is playing”), not *najiné, and nidajiné (“some people are playing”), not *nadajiné.

See also

Navajo terms prefixed with na- (disjunct)

Wááshindoon bisiláo nidaʼałkaahígíí

naʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ

neiłchʼąął

Etymology 2

Prefix

na-

Marks the diversitative aspect on certain verbs, indicating action taking place in multiple places ("here and there") without taking place over a specific period of time

Etymology 3

Prefix

na-

Verbal derivational prefix meaning across

Etymology 4

Prefix

na-

Verbal derivational prefix meaning downward, down from a height

See also

Navajo terms prefixed with na- (downward)

nahidiłhį́į́h

References

Young, Robert W & William Morgan, Sr. The Navajo Language. A Grammar and Colloquial Dictionary. University of New Mexico Press. Albuquerque, NM: 1987.

Old English

Etymology

From nā.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /nɑː/

Prefix

nā-

Denotes absence or lack

See also

Old Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Slavic *na-

Old Polish na-

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /na(ː)/

IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /na/, /nɒ/

Prefix

na-

added to verbs to make them perfective
‎na- + ‎pisać → ‎napisać
added to verbs to mean onto
‎na- + ‎łożyć → ‎nałożyć
added to verbs to with various meanings
‎na- + ‎mówić → ‎namówić

Derived terms

Old Polish terms prefixed with na-

Descendants

Polish: na-

Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Slavic *na-

Old Polish na-

Polish na-

Inherited from Old Polish na-. Doublet of ana-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /na/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

Prefix

na-

added to verbs to make them perfective
‎na- + ‎pisać → ‎napisać
added to verbs to mean onto
‎na- + ‎łożyć → ‎nałożyć
added to verbs to with various meanings
‎na- + ‎mówić → ‎namówić

Derived terms

Polish terms prefixed with na-

naelektryzować

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *na-. Prefixed form of the preposition na.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /na-/

Prefix

na-

Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:
1. (no change in meaning)
  ‎na- + ‎pisáti (“to write”) → ‎napisáti (“to write”)
2. onto, into
  ‎na- + ‎líti (“to pour”) → ‎nalíti (“to pour in”)
3. a little, to begin to
  ‎na- + ‎krivīti (“to bend”) → ‎nakrivīti (“to bend a little”)
  
  ‎na- + ‎gníti (“to rot”) → ‎nagníti (“to begin to rot”)
4. enough of, a sufficient amount of
  ‎na- + ‎cepīti (“to chop”) → ‎nacepīti (“to chop enough of”)
5. (reflexive) excessively, thoroughly
  ‎na- + ‎píti (“to drink”) → ‎napíti (“to drink one's fill, get drunk”)

Derived terms

Slovene terms prefixed with na-

Slovincian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Slavic *na-

Slovincian na-

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /na/

Prefix

na-

added to verbs to make them perfective, often meaning "to do X verb much or enough"
‎na- + ‎ochac → ‎naochac

Derived terms

Slovincian terms prefixed with na-

Swahili

Prefix

na-

contraction of ni- + -a-
contraction of ni- + -na-
Synonym: ni na-

Tagalog

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog)
- IPA^(key): /na/ [n̪ɐ] (complete aspect prefix)
- IPA^(key): /ˈna/ [ˈn̪aː] (progressive aspect prefix)
Syllabification: na-

Prefix

na- (Baybayin spelling ᜈ)

used to form complete aspects of verbs prefixed with ma-

Prefix

ná- (Baybayin spelling ᜈ)

(dialectal) used to form progressive aspects of verbs prefixed with um- or infixed with -um-

Usage notes

The dialectal prefix, when written, is generally a source of confusion and mockery for the majority of Tagalog speakers, but the two actually differ by pronunciation. The na-, where it indicates a perfective aspect, is pronounced without stress, while the na- prefix, where it indicates a progressive aspect in some dialects, is pronounced with stress.
Nakain siya ng isda.
He/She happened to be eaten by the fish.

Nákain siya ng isda.
He/She is eating fish.

Derived terms

See also

ma-

Anagrams

-an

Ternate

Pronoun

na-

first-person plural inclusive possessive prefix, our
Synonym: nga-
second-person plural possessive prefix, your
Synonym: nia-
(human) third-person plural possessive prefix, their
Synonym: nga-

See also

More information independent, subject proclitic ...

unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific
m - masculine, f - feminine, h - human, nh - non-human
1 - for mixed-gender groups
† - archaic

References

Rika Hayami-Allen (2001), A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Tumbuka

Etymology

From ni- (“I”) +‎ -a- (“recent perfect infix”). Compare with Chichewa nda-

Prefix

na-

1st person singular subject concord in the recent past tense.

See also

Turkish

Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ناـ (nâ-), from Persian (nâ-).

Prefix

na- (rarely productive)

un-, non-, in-
Synonym: gayri-

‎na- + ‎tamam (“complete”) → ‎natamam (“incomplete”)
-less
Synonym: -siz

‎na- + ‎ümit (“hope”) → ‎naümit (“hopeless”)

Derived terms

Turkish terms prefixed with na-

West Makian

Etymology 1

Cognate with Ternate na- (“our”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /n̪a/

Pronoun

na-

first-person plural inclusive possessive prefix, our

Usage notes

The possessive prefix na- is subject to West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as ne-, ni-, or no-.

Alternative forms

ne-, ni-, no-

See also

More information independent, possessive prefix ...

V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun,
following standard West Makian vowel harmony.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /na/

Pronoun

na-

second-person singular clitic, you
noco ― you see

Usage notes

The prefix na- follows West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as ne-, ni-, no-, or nu-.

Alternative forms

ne-, ni-, no-, nu-

References

Clemens Voorhoeve (1982), The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics

Xhosa

Preposition

na-

with, in company of
(with subject concord) to have

Conjunction

na-

and (joining individual words)

Zulu

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /nʱa/

Preposition

na-

with, in company of
(with subject concord) to have

Usage notes

The meaning "have" can be analysed more literally as "to be with". In the negative, a- is prefixed to the subject concord, and the initial vowel of the noun prefix is dropped:

Nginekati. ― I have a cat.
Anginakati. ― I don't have a cat.

Conjunction

na-

and (joining individual words)
Synonym: futhi
also, too
Synonym: futhi
even (implying an extreme example)

References

C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “na-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “na-”

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