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oud

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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See also: oud- and Oud

English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Arabic عُود (ʕūd). Doublet of lute.

Pronunciation

Noun

oud (countable and uncountable, plural ouds)

  2. (music) A short-necked and fretless plucked stringed instrument of the lute family, of Arab and Turkish origin.
    Coordinate term: sintir
    • 2010, Randy Raine-Reusch, Play The World: The 101 Instrument Primer, Mel Bay Publications, →ISBN, page 22:
      Common throughout the Arab and Persian world, the oud is a fretless short-neck lute with a pear-shaped, flat top, rounded back, and a peghead characteristically bent backwards at a very sharp angle. The oud's origins are unknown, although myths attribute either celestial or magical beginnings, it more likely came from ancient Persia.
  4. (perfumery) Agarwood, in particular the noble rot of Aquilaria trees used to make perfumes.
    • 2010, Luca Turin, Tania Sanchez, “M7”, in Perfumes: The A–Z Guide, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 233:
      The recent fashion for oud (the noble rot of Aquilaria trees) took flight when YSL released M7, where the oud accord was center stage. It came with an advertising campaign featuring a hairy naked guy, a sight rated “beautiful” by my co-author. Real oud is complex material, with honey, tobacco, leaf, minty-fresh and castoreum animalic notes all mixed together.

Derived terms

Translations

See also

Further reading

Anagrams

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Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch oud, from Middle Dutch out, from Old Dutch alt, from Proto-Germanic *aldaz, from Proto-Indo-European *altós, *h₂eltós, from *h₂el- (“grow, nourish”).

Pronunciation

Adjective

oud (attributive ou, comparative ouer, superlative oudste, intensive beenoud or horingoud or oeroud or stokhoringoud or stokoud)

  2. old, aged (having existed for a long time)
    Synonyms: afgeleef, bedaag, bejaard, gevorderd, gewese, grys, hoogbejaard, kinds, ouerig, seniel, senior, verrimpel
    Antonyms: jonk, nuut
  4. old, ancient, former (having previously existed)
    Synonyms: afgeloop, afgetree, aloue, anakronisties, antiek, antikwaries, argaïes, argaïsties, beleë, gewese, halfslyt, herfsagtig, konvensioneel, laas, laaslede, laaste, oeragtig, oeroud, onheuglik, onlangs, onoorspronklik, ouderwets, oudmodies, ouerig, outyds, ouwêrelds, paleolities, prehistories, regressief, resent, toenmalig, uitgedien, uitgegroei, verbygaan, vergaan, vergange, verlede, verouderd, verstreke, verstryk, vorig, voorhistories, voormalig, voorverlede, voorwêreldlik, vroeër, vroeër bestaande, vroeg
    Antonyms: direk, hedendaags, huidig, paraat, nuut, onmiddellik, oombliklik, restreeks, summier, teenswoordig, vars
    Hy glo in die ou gode. ― He believes in the old gods.
  5. used (e.g. of a car, phone, sword, etc.)
    Synonyms: gebruik, geslyt, halfslyt, tweedehands
    Antonym: nuut
  7. of a certain age
    Hy's vyftien jaar oud. ― He's fifteen years old.
  8. (usually of bread) stale
    Synonyms: bedorwe, bedrompig, benoud, besoedel, galsterig, garstig, muf, onfris, onsuiwer, onsmaaklik, sterk, suur, vermuf, vrot
    Antonyms: fris, vars

Usage notes

Sense 2 is never used predicatively.

Sense 4 follows standard numbering (e.g. een week oud, twee weke oud) with all nouns except jaar, which is always used in the singular (e.g. twee jaar oud).

Inflection

More information predicative, attributive ...

Derived terms

Nouns
  • ou (“guy”)
  • ouballie (“old man”)
  • ouboeja (“grandfather”)
  • Oud-Kastilië (“Old Castile”)
  • oud-Katoliek (“old-Catholic”)
  • Oud-Oos-Slawies (“Old-East-Slavic”)
  • oud-Tukkie (“ex-Tukkie”)
  • Oud-Wes-Nederfrankies (“Old West Low Franconian”)
  • oudamptenaar (“ex-official”)
  • oudbrood (“stale bread”)
  • oudburgemeester (“ex-mayor”)
  • Oudduits (“Old German”)
  • Oudengels (“Old English”)
  • ouderdom (“age”)
    • ouderdomisme (“ageism”)
    • ouderdomsbepaling (“age determination”)
    • ouderdomsbysiendheid (“age-related myopia”)
    • ouderdomsdiskriminasie (“age discrimination”)
    • ouderdomsgrens (“age limit”)
  • oudering (“ageing”)
  • ouderwetsheid (“old-fashioned-ness”)
  • Oudfrankies (“Old Frankish”)
  • Oudfries (“Old Frisian”)
  • oudgediende (“ex-serviceman”)
  • Oudgermaans (“old-Germanic”)
  • oudgevangene (“ex-convict”)
  • Oudgrieks (“Ancient Greek”)
  • oudheid (“age”)
  • Oudhollands (“Old Dutch”)
  • Oudhoogduits (“Old High German”)
  • oudkommandant (“ex-commandant”)
  • oudleerling (“alumnus”)
    • oudleerlingbaadjie (“alumni's blazer”)
    • oudleerlingdas (“alumni's tie”)
    • oudleerlingebond (“alumni association”)
  • oudmeester (“old master”)
  • oudmodiesheid (“old-fashioned-ness”)
  • Oudnederfrankies (“Old Low Franconian”)
  • Oudnederlands (“Old Dutch”)
  • Oudnoors (“Old Norse”)
  • oudoffisier (“ex-officer”)
  • oudoom (“great-uncle”)
  • oudpresident (“ex-president”)
  • Oudpruisies (“Old Prussian”)
  • Oudrussies (“Old Russian”)
  • Oudsaksies (“Old Saxon”)
  • oudsoldaat (“ex-soldier”)
  • oudstryder (“veteran”)
    • oudstrydersbond (“former fighters' association”)
  • oudstudent (“alumnus”)
    • oudstudente-unie (“alumni's association”)
  • oudtante (“great-aunt”)
  • oudtyds (“old time's”)
  • oudvoorsitster (“ex-chairwoman”)
  • oudvoorsitter (“ex-chairman”)
  • Oudyslands (“Old Icelandic”)
  • ouer (“parent”)
    • ouerskaamte (“parental shame”)
  • ouerig (“elderly”)
  • verouderdheid (“obsolescence”)
Adjectives
  • beenoud (intensive form of oud)
  • dagoud (“day-old”)
  • eeueoud (“centuries-old”)
  • horingoud (intensive form of oud)
  • jaaroud (“year-old”)
    • driejaaroud (“three-year-old”)
    • eenjaaroud (“one-year-old”)
    • tweejaaroud (“two-year-old”)
  • oeroud (intensive form of oud)
  • oud-Katoliek (“old-Catholic”)
  • Oud-Oos-Slawies (“Old-East-Slavic”)
  • Oud-Wes-Nederfrankies (“Old West Low Franconian”)
  • Oudduits (“Old German”)
  • Oudengels (“Old English”)
  • Oudfrankies (“Old Frankish”)
  • Oudfries (“Old Frisian”)
  • Oudgermaans (“old-Germanic”)
  • Oudgrieks (“Ancient Greek”)
  • Oudhollands (“Old Dutch”)
  • Oudhoogduits (“Old High German”)
  • oudmodies (“old-fashioned”)
  • Oudnederfrankies (“Old Low Franconian”)
  • Oudnederlands (“Old Dutch”)
  • Oudnoors (“Old Norse”)
  • Oudpruisies (“Old Prussian”)
  • Oudrussies (“Old Russian”)
  • Oudsaksies (“Old Saxon”)
  • Oudyslands (“Old Icelandic”)
  • ouskool (“old-school”)
  • speenoud (“young”)
  • stokhoringoud (intensive form of oud)
  • stokoud (intensive form of oud)
  • veroud (“outdated”)
  • verouderd (“outdated”)
Adverbs
  • van ouds (“always”)
Prefixes
Phrases
  • al taamlik oud (“quite old”)
  • as die duiwel oud word, gaan hy onder die preekstoel sit (“when the devil gets old, he goes to sit under the pulpit”)
  • ek is so oud soos my hande, maar nie so oud soos my tande (a joking phrase to question someone's age)
  • ewe oud wees (“to be the same age”)
  • jonk van jare, maar oud van dae (“young of years, but old of days”)
  • 'n mens word nooit te oud om te leer nie (“there's life in the old dog yet”)
  • 'n ou bok lus nog groen blare (“an old goat still craves green leaves”)
  • 'n ou bok lus nog jong blare (“an old goat still craves new leaves”)
  • 'n ou boom word nie maklik verplant nie (“an old tree is not easily transplanted”)
  • 'n ou perd lus ook nog groenvoer (“an old horse still craves green fodder”)
  • 'n ou viool kan ook nuwe liedjies speel (“an old violin can still play new songs”)
  • ou bene haal (“to get old legs”)
  • oud en jonk (“young and old”)
  • oud voor jou tyd (“old for one's time”)
  • oud, maar nog nie koud nie (“there's life in the old dog yet”)
  • so oud lyk soos jy is (“to look as old as you are”)
  • so oud soos die ark (“as old as [Noah's] arc”)
  • so oud soos die berge (“as old as the mountains”)
  • so oud soos die Kaapse wapad (“as old as the Cape's wagon road”)
  • so oud soos die mensdom (“as old as humanity”)
  • so oud soos die mensdom self (“as old as humanity itself”)
  • so oud soos Metusalem (“as old as Methuselah”)
  • te oud (“over-aged”)
  • te oud om iets te doen (“too old for something”)
  • te oud vir gebruik verklaar (“to declare too old for use”)
  • te oud vir iets (“too old for something”)
  • te oud vir werk verklaar (“to declare too old for work”)
  • uit die ou doos (“from the old box”)
  • wat jonk is, speel graag; wat oud is, neul graag (“what is young loves to play; what is old loves to whine”)

References

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Czech

Pronunciation

Noun

oud m inan (diminutive oudek)

  1. (archaic) alternative form of úd

Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Further reading

Dutch

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle Dutch out, from Old Dutch alt, from Proto-West Germanic *ald, from Proto-Germanic *aldaz, from Proto-Indo-European *altós, *h₂eltós, from *h₂el- (“grow, nourish”).

Compare German alt, West Frisian âld, Low German old, English old.

Pronunciation

Adjective

oud (comparative ouder, superlative oudst)

  1. old (having existed for a relatively long period of time)
    Antonym: jong
    De oude man en de zee. ― The Old Man and the Sea.
  2. old (of an earlier time)
    Antonym: nieuw
  3. (of bread) stale

Declension

More information Declension of, uninflected ...

Next to the regular form oude, the form ouwe is also used informally.

Derived terms

languages

Descendants

  • Afrikaans: ou, oud
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: hau
  • Jersey Dutch: āud, āut
  • Negerhollands: oud, ouw, houw, hou
  • Skepi Creole Dutch: ou, oud
  • West Flemish: elde

Anagrams

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Portuguese

Noun

oud m (plural ouds)

  1. alternative spelling of ud

Spanish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from French oud, itself from Arabic عُود (ʕūd). Doublet of laúd.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈoud/ [ˈou̯ð̞]
  • Rhymes: -oud
  • Syllabification: oud

Noun

oud m (plural oudes)

  1. (music, historical) oud [from late-19th c.]

Further reading

  • “oud”, in Diccionario histórico de la lengua española [Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], launched 2013, →ISSN
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