త్వరిత వాస్తవాలు Plutonium, Pronunciation ...
Plutonium, 00 Pu Pronunciation (ploo -TOH-nee -əm ) Allotropes see Allotropes of plutonium Appearance silvery white, tarnishing to dark gray in air Mass number [244]
Group మూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format Period period 7 Block f-block Electron configuration [ Rn ] 5f6 7s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2 Phase at STP solid Melting point 912.5 K (639.4 °C, 1182.9 °F) Boiling point 3505 K (3228 °C, 5842 °F) Density (near r.t. ) 19.816 g/cm3 when liquid (at m.p. ) 16.63 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 2.82 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 333.5 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 35.5 J/(mol·K) Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
1756
1953
2198
2511
2926
3499
Oxidation state s+2, +3, +4 , +5, +6, +7, +8 (an amphoteric oxide) Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.28 Ionization energies Atomic radius empirical: 159 pm Covalent radius 187±1 pm Spectral line s of plutoniumNatural occurrence from decay Crystal structure monoclinic Speed of sound 2260 m/s Thermal expansion 46.7 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) Thermal conductivity 6.74 W/(m⋅K) Electrical resistivity 1.460 µΩ⋅m (at 0 °C) Magnetic ordering paramagnetic [1] Young's modulus 96 GPa Shear modulus 43 GPa Poisson ratio 0.21 CAS Number 7440-07-5 Naming after dwarf planet Pluto , itself named after classical god of the underworld Pluto Discovery Glenn T. Seaborg , Arthur Wahl , Joseph W. Kennedy , Edwin McMillan (1940–1)Template:infobox plutonium isotopes does not exist Category: Plutonium | references
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In general
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Parameter naming patterns
Most parameters have a ... ref
that allows for references. This reference is added right after the unit.
ionization energy ref
Parameters with a .. comment
suffix are added to the end of a data line, with a space added. Comments are reproduced without formatting additions (no brackets, no italics, ...):
ionization energy comment
Numbered values make a list:
ionization energy
ionization energy 2
ionization energy 3
మరింత సమాచారం Parameter list ...
Parameter list
See also: Infobox element/testcases-all-params demo .
{{Infobox element
|name=
|symbol=
|number=
<!-- image -->
|image name=
|image upright=
|spectral image=<!-- central data list -->
<!-- General properties -->
|pronounce=<!-- central data list -->
|alt name=
|alt names=
|allotropes=
|appearance=
|standard atomic weight=<!-- central data list -->
<!-- Periodic table -->
|above=
|below=
|left=
|right=
|category ref=
|category comment=
|category color=
|group=
|group ref=
|group comment=
|period=
|period ref=
|period comment=
|block=
|block ref=
|block comment=
|electron configuration=
|electron configuration ref=
|electron configuration comment=
|electrons per shell=
|electrons per shell ref=
|electrons per shell comment=
<!-- Physical properties -->
|physical properties comment=
|color=
|phase=
|phase ref=
|phase comment=
|melting point K=
|melting point C=
|melting point F=
|melting point ref=
|melting point comment=
|boiling point K=
|boiling point C=
|boiling point F=
|boiling point ref=
|boiling point comment=
|sublimation point K=
|sublimation point C=
|sublimation point F=
|sublimation point ref=
|sublimation point comment=
|density gplstp=
|density gplstp ref=
|density gplstp comment=
|density kgpm3stp=
|density kgpm3stp ref=
|density kgpm3stp comment=
|density gpcm3nrt=
|density gpcm3nrt ref=
|density gpcm3nrt comment=
|density gpcm3nrt 2=
|density gpcm3nrt 2 ref=
|density gpcm3nrt 2 comment=
|density gpcm3nrt 3=
|density gpcm3nrt 3 ref=
|density gpcm3nrt 3 comment=
|density gpcm3mp=
|density gpcm3mp ref=
|density gpcm3mp comment=
|density gpcm3bp=
|density gpcm3bp ref=
|density gpcm3bp comment=
|molar volume=
|molar volume unit =
|molar volume ref=
|molar volume comment=
|triple point K=
|triple point kPa=
|triple point ref=
|triple point comment=
|triple point K 2=
|triple point kPa 2=
|triple point 2 ref=
|triple point 2 comment=
|critical point K=
|critical point MPa=
|critical point ref=
|critical point comment=
|heat fusion=
|heat fusion ref=
|heat fusion comment=
|heat fusion 2=
|heat fusion 2 ref=
|heat fusion 2 comment=
|heat vaporization=
|heat vaporization ref=
|heat vaporization comment=
|heat capacity=
|heat capacity ref=
|heat capacity comment=
|heat capacity 2=
|heat capacity 2 ref=
|heat capacity 2 comment=
|vapor pressure 1=
|vapor pressure 10=
|vapor pressure 100=
|vapor pressure 1 k=
|vapor pressure 10 k=
|vapor pressure 100 k=
|vapor pressure ref=
|vapor pressure comment=
|vapor pressure 1 2=
|vapor pressure 10 2=
|vapor pressure 100 2=
|vapor pressure 1 k 2=
|vapor pressure 10 k 2=
|vapor pressure 100 k 2=
|vapor pressure 2 ref=
|vapor pressure 2 comment=
<!-- Atomic properties -->
|atomic properties comment=
|electronegativity=
|electronegativity ref=
|electronegativity comment=
|ionization energy 1=
|ionization energy 1 ref=
|ionization energy 1 comment=
|ionization energy 2=
|ionization energy 2 ref=
|ionization energy 2 comment=
|ionization energy 3=
|ionization energy 3 ref=
|ionization energy 3 comment=
|number of ionization energies=
|ionization energy ref=
|ionization energy comment=
|atomic radius=
|atomic radius ref=
|atomic radius comment=
|atomic radius calculated=
|atomic radius calculated ref=
|atomic radius calculated comment=
|covalent radius=
|covalent radius ref=
|covalent radius comment=
|Van der Waals radius=
|Van der Waals radius ref=
|Van der Waals radius comment=
<!-- Miscellanea -->
|crystal structure=
|crystal structure prefix=
|crystal structure ref=
|crystal structure comment=
|crystal structure 2=
|crystal structure 2 prefix=
|crystal structure 2 ref=
|crystal structure 2 comment=
|speed of sound=
|speed of sound ref=
|speed of sound comment=
|speed of sound rod at 20=
|speed of sound rod at 20 ref=
|speed of sound rod at 20 comment=
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
|speed of sound rod at r.t. ref=
|speed of sound rod at r.t. comment=
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion ref=
|thermal expansion comment=
|thermal expansion at 25=
|thermal expansion at 25 ref=
|thermal expansion at 25 comment=
|thermal conductivity=
|thermal conductivity ref=
|thermal conductivity comment=
|thermal conductivity 2=
|thermal conductivity 2 ref=
|thermal conductivity 2 comment=
|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal diffusivity ref=
|thermal diffusivity comment=
|electrical resistivity=
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=
|electrical resistivity ref=
|electrical resistivity comment=
|electrical resistivity at 0=
|electrical resistivity at 0 ref=
|electrical resistivity at 0 comment=
|electrical resistivity at 20=
|electrical resistivity at 20 ref=
|electrical resistivity at 20 comment=
|band gap=
|band gap ref=
|band gap comment=
|Curie point K=
|Curie point ref=
|Curie point comment=
|magnetic ordering=
|magnetic ordering ref=
|magnetic ordering comment=
|tensile strength=
|tensile strength ref=
|tensile strength comment=
|Young's modulus=
|Young's modulus ref=
|Young's modulus comment=
|Shear modulus=
|Shear modulus ref=
|Shear modulus comment=
|Bulk modulus=
|Bulk modulus ref=
|Bulk modulus comment=
|Poisson ratio=
|Poisson ratio ref=
|Poisson ratio comment=
|Mohs hardness=
|Mohs hardness ref=
|Mohs hardness comment=
|Mohs hardness 2=
|Mohs hardness 2 ref=
|Mohs hardness 2 comment=
|Vickers hardness=
|Vickers hardness ref=
|Vickers hardness comment=
|Brinell hardness=
|Brinell hardness ref=
|Brinell hardness comment=
|CAS number=
|CAS number ref=
|CAS number comment=
<!-- History -->
|naming=
|predicted by=
|prediction date ref=
|prediction date=
|discovered by=
|discovery date ref=
|discovery date=
|first isolation by=
|first isolation date ref=
|first isolation date=
|discovery and first isolation by=
|named by=
|named date ref=
|named date=
|history comment label=
|history comment=
<!-- Isotopes -->
|isotopes=
|isotopes ref=
|isotopes comment=
<!-- other -->
|engvar=
|QID=
}}
<span class="nowrap">{{</span>[[Template:Infobox element|Infobox element]]<span class="nowrap">}}</span>; labels & notes:
(Image)
GENERAL PROPERTIES
Name
[[Chemical symbol|Symbol]]
Pronunciation (data central)
Alternative name(s)
[[Allotropy|Allotropes]]
Appearance
<element> IN THE PERIODIC TABLE
[[Periodic table]]
[[Atomic number]]
[[Atomic weight|Standard atomic weight]] (data central)
[[Names for sets of chemical elements|Element category]] (also header bg color)
(sets header bg color, over 'series='-color)
[[Group (periodic table)|Group]]
[[Period (periodic table)|Period]]
[[Block (periodic table)|Block]]
[[Electron configuration]]
Electrons per shell
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
(general note)
Color
[[Phase (matter)|Phase]]
[[Melting point]]
[[Boiling point]]
[[Sublimation point]]
[[Density]] [g/L at s.t.p.]
[[Density]] [kg/m3 at s.t.p.]
Density [g/cm3 near room temperature]
[g/cm3 near r.t.], #2
[g/cm3 near r.t.], #3
Density (liquid, melting point) [g/cm3]
Density (liquid, boiling point) [g/cm3]
[[Molar volume]]
Unit defaults to cm3/mol
otherwise set unit prefix=d for dm3/mol (gases)
[[Triple point]]
[[Critical point (thermodynamics)|Critical point]]
[[Enthalpy of fusion|Heat of fusion]]
[[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of vaporization]]
[[Molar heat capacity]]
[[Vapor pressure]]
Vapor pressure
ATOMIC PROPERTIES
[[Electronegativity]]
[[Ionization energy]]
[[Atomic radius]]
[[Covalent radius]]
[[Van der Waals radius]]
MISCELLANEA
[[Crystal structure]]
Crystal structure
[[Speed of sound]]
[[Coefficient of thermal expansion|Thermal expansion]]
[[Thermal conductivity]]
[[Thermal diffusivity]]
[[Electrical resistivity and conductivity|Electrical resistivity]]
[[Band gap]]
[[Curie temperature|Curie point]]
[[Magnetism|Magnetic ordering]]
[[Ultimate tensile strength|Tensile strength]]
[[Young's modulus]]
[[Shear modulus]]
[[Bulk modulus]]
[[Poisson's ratio|Poisson ratio]]
[[Mohs scale of mineral hardness|Mohs hardness]]
[[Vickers hardness test|Vickers hardness]]
[[Brinell hardness test|Brinell hardness]]
[[CAS registry number|CAS Number]]
HISTORY
Naming
Prediction
()
[[Timeline of chemical element discoveries|Discovery]]
()
First isolation
()
Discovery and first isolation (1 or 2 dates)
Named by
()
(History comment)
ISOTOPES OF <element>
Isotopes of <element>
([[WP:ENGVAR|wp:engvar]])
మూసివేయి