Buddhist calendar
Set of lunisolar calendars used in SE Asia / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Buddhist calendar is a set of lunisolar calendars primarily used in Tibet, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand as well as in Malaysia, Singapore and Vietnam by Chinese populations for religious or official occasions. While the calendars share a common lineage, they also have minor but important variations such as intercalation schedules, month names and numbering, use of cycles, etc. In Thailand, the name Buddhist Era is a year numbering system shared by the traditional Thai lunar calendar and by the Thai solar calendar.
Translations of Buddhist calendar | |
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English | Calendar of the Lord Buddha |
Sanskrit | बौद्ध पंचांग |
Pali | Sāsanā Sakaraj |
Bengali | বৌদ্ধ বর্ষপঞ্জি (Baud'dha Borshoponjī) |
Burmese | သာသနာ သက္ကရာဇ် (MLCTS: θàðənà θɛʔkəɹɪʔ) |
Chinese | 佛历 / 佛曆 (Pinyin: Fó lì) |
Japanese | 仏滅紀元 (Rōmaji: Butsumetsu kigen) |
Khmer | ពុទ្ធសករាជ (UNGEGN: pŭtthôsâkâréach; ALA-LC: buddhasakarāj) |
Korean | 불멸기원 佛滅紀元 (RR: bulmyeolgiwon) |
Lao | ປະຕິທິນພຸດທະສາສະໜາ (patithin phudthasasana) |
Malay | Kalender Buddhis (Indonesian) Takwim Buddha (Malaysian) |
Sinhala | බුද්ධ වර්ෂ / සාසන වර්ෂ (Buddha Varsha / Sāsana Varsha) |
Tamil | புத்த நாட்காட்டி (Putta nāṭkāṭṭi) |
Tagalog | Kalendaryong buddhist (Baybayin: ᜃᜎᜒ︀ᜈ᜴ᜇᜍ᜴ᜌᜓ︀ᜅ᜴ ᜊᜓᜇ᜴ᜇ᜴ᜑᜒᜐ᜴ᜆ᜴) |
Thai | พุทธศักราช (RTGS: phutthasakkarat) |
Vietnamese | 佛曆 Phật lịch |
Glossary of Buddhism |
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The Southeast Asian lunisolar calendars are largely based on an older version of the Hindu calendar,[1] which uses the sidereal year as the solar year. One major difference is that the Southeast Asian systems, unlike their Indian cousins, do not use apparent reckoning to stay in sync with the sidereal year. Instead, they employ their versions of the Metonic cycle. However, since the Metonic cycle is not very accurate for sidereal years, the Southeast Asian calendar is slowly drifting out of sync with the sidereal, approximately one day every 100 years. Yet no coordinated structural reforms of the lunisolar calendar have been undertaken.
Today, the traditional Buddhist lunisolar calendar is used mainly for Theravada Buddhist festivals. The Thai Buddhist Era, a renumbered Gregorian calendar, is the official calendar in Thailand.