Hindi
Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: मानक हिन्दी Mānak Hindī),[18] commonly referred to as Hindi (Devanagari: हिन्दी,[lower-alpha 4] Hindī), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in North India, and serves as the lingua franca of the Hindi Belt region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern, and western India. Hindi has been described as a standardised and Sanskritised register[19] of the Hindustani language, which itself is based primarily on the Khariboli dialect of Delhi and neighbouring areas of North India.[20][21][22] Hindi, written in the Devanagari script, is one of the two official languages of the Government of India, along with English.[23] It is an official language in nine states and three union territories and an additional official language in three other states.[24][25][26][27] Hindi is also one of the 22 scheduled languages of the Republic of India.[28]
| Hindi | |
|---|---|
| Modern Standard Hindi | |
| हिन्दी • Hindī | |
The word "Hindi" in Devanagari script | |
| Pronunciation | [ˈɦɪndiː] |
| Native to | India |
| Region | Western Uttar Pradesh, Delhi |
| Ethnicity | Indian |
| Total speakers | L1 speakers: 322 million speakers of Hindi and various related languages who reported their language as 'Hindi' (2011)[1] L2 speakers: 270 million (2016)[2] |
Early forms | |
| Dialects |
|
| |
| Signed Hindi | |
| Official status | |
Official language in |  India[lower-alpha 1] |
Recognised minority language in | |
| Regulated by | Central Hindi Directorate[17] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | hi |
| ISO 639-2 | hin |
| ISO 639-3 | hin |
hin-hin | |
| Glottolog | hind1269 |
| Linguasphere | 59-AAF-qf |
 Distribution of L1 self-reported speakers of Hindi in India as per the 2011 Census | |
Hindi is the lingua franca of the Hindi Belt. It is also spoken, to a lesser extent, in other parts of India (usually in a simplified or pidginised variety such as Bazaar Hindustani or Haflong Hindi).[24][25] Outside India, several other languages are recognised officially as "Hindi" but do not refer to the Standard Hindi language described here and instead descend from other nearby languages, such as Awadhi language and Bhojpuri language. Such languages include Fiji Hindi, which has an official status in Fiji,[29] and Caribbean Hindustani, which is spoken in Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Guyana.[30][31][32][33] Apart from the script and formal vocabulary, standard Hindi is mutually intelligible with standard Urdu, another recognised register of Hindustani as both share a common colloquial base.[34]
Hindi is the fourth most-spoken first language in the world, after Mandarin, Spanish and English.[35] If counted together with the mutually intelligible Urdu, it is the third most-spoken language in the world, after Mandarin and English.[36][37] According to reports of Ethnologue (2022, 25th edition) Hindi is the third most-spoken language in the world including first and second language speakers.[38]
Hindi is the fastest growing language of India, followed by Kashmiri in the second place, with Meitei (officially called Manipuri) as well as Gujarati, in the third place, and Bengali in the fourth place, according to the 2011 census of India.[39]
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