List of sovereign states by immigrant and emigrant population

These are lists of countries by foreign-born population (immigrants) and lists of countries by number native-born persons living in a foreign country (emigrants).

Share of population born in another country, (2020, Our World in Data)

According to the United Nations, in 2024, the United States, Germany, Saudi Arabia, France and the United Kingdom had the largest number of immigrants of any country, while Tuvalu, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, and Tokelau had the lowest. In terms of percentage of population, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Kuwait had the highest, while Cuba, Madagascar, and China had the lowest.

According to estimates from the same UN 2015 report, in 2013, India and Mexico had the highest numbers of native-born persons living in a foreign country, while Tokelau and San Marino had the lowest.

Illegal immigration can be under-reported.^[1]

Definition

The United Nations defines "foreign-born" as "born in a country other than that in which one resides" to estimate the international migrant stock, whenever this information is available. In countries lacking data on place of birth, the UN uses the country of citizenship instead.^[2]

According to the UN: "Equating international migrants with foreign citizens when estimating the migrant stock has important shortcomings. In countries where citizenship is conferred on the basis of jus sanguinis, people who were born in the country of residence may be included in the number of international migrants even though they may have never lived abroad. Conversely, persons who were born abroad and who naturalized in their country of residence are excluded from the stock of international migrants when using citizenship as the criterion to define international migrants."^[2]

Immigrant population by destination

Country	Immigrants 2024[3]	Percentage of total population	Percentage female immigrants
Afghanistan	98,110	0.2	52.0
Albania	46,377	1.7	49.0
Algeria	259,458	0.6	47.2
American Samoa	23,684	50.6	49.0
Andorra	48,408	59.1	48.8
Angola	676,507	1.8	49.5
Anguilla	5,918	40.5	52.7
Antigua and Barbuda	30,473	32.5	55.4
Argentina	1,958,039	4.3	55.1
Armenia	274,645	9.2	57.0
Aruba	41,806[4]	38.7	54.5
Australia	7,111,404	30.1	51.4
Austria	2,327,064	25.5	52.8
Azerbaijan	218,460	2.1	52.1
Bahamas	67,285	16.8	49.4
Bahrain	840,202	52.3	26.6
Bangladesh	2,906,338	1.7	48.3
Barbados	35,187	12.5	55.1
Belarus	1,054,604	11.6	54.2
Belgium	2,349,032	20.0	51.0
Belize	68,706	16.5	49.7
Benin	418,202	2.9	52.9
Bermuda	20,171	31.2	50.7
Bhutan	55,705	7.0	15.1
Bolivia	183,234	1.5	47.6
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba	30,676	100.0	48.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	34,120	1.1	53.2
Botswana	116,402	4.6	43.0
Brazil	1,406,299	0.7	41.8
British Virgin Islands	24,520	62.1	51.8
Brunei Darussalam	119,933	25.9	43.4
Bulgaria	299,100	4.4	52.7
Burkina Faso	739,820	3.1	52.4
Burundi	387,101	2.8	50.7
Cabo Verde	16,515	3.1	49.4
Cambodia	83,925	0.5	46.1
Cameroon	642,948	2.2	50.6
Canada	8,805,839	23.0	52.6
Caribbean	1,811,926	4.1	47.6
Cayman Islands	31,935	42.9	48.6
Central African Republic	94,556	1.8	47.6
Chad	1,269,673	6.3	55.6
Channel Islands	85,539	50.9	52.2
Chile	1,538,324	7.8	49.1
China	1,638,718	0.1	51.6
China, Hong Kong SAR	3,063,318	41.3	62.6
China, Macao SAR	426,862	59.3	53.6
Taiwan	1,136,425	4.9	60.5
Colombia	3,063,518	5.8	50.3
Comoros	12,449	1.4	51.6
Congo	385,589	6.1	45.5
Cook Islands	4,937	36.0	50.0
Costa Rica	628,404	12.2	49.4
Croatia	527,831	13.6	54.7
Cuba	2,144	0.0	56.6
Curaçao	80,020	43.1	56.4
Cyprus	202,062	14.9	55.0
Czechia	1,025,199	9.5	51.2
Côte d'Ivoire	2,880,839	9.0	40.0
Dem. People's Republic of Korea	50,439	0.2	50.2
Democratic Republic of the Congo	1,085,090	1.0	51.8
Denmark	847,475	14.2	50.9
Djibouti	125,996	10.8	47.5
Dominica	8,440	12.7	47.9
Dominican Republic	738,667	6.5	39.8
Ecuador	747,749	4.1	51.7
Egypt	9,985,453	10.0	47.1
El Salvador	43,342	0.7	52.4
Equatorial Guinea	248,930	13.2	22.9
Eritrea	12,512	0.4	43.9
Estonia	203,046	14.9	56.5
Eswatini	33,268	2.7	48.5
Ethiopia	1,168,455	0.9	49.7
Falkland Islands	2,333	67.2	44.4
Faroe Islands	8,101	14.6	48.0
Fiji	14,362	1.5	46.0
Finland	514,432	9.2	49.2
France	11,985,723	17.2	48.5
French Guiana	130,924	42.4	52.5
French Polynesia	30,099	10.7	43.0
Gabon	449,746	17.7	35.7
Gambia	236,137	8.6	47.2
Georgia	81,582	2.1	56.1
Germany	16,750,084	19.8	50.0
Ghana	532,286	1.5	46.6
Gibraltar	11,291	28.7	49.5
Greece	1,423,964	14.2	52.1
Greenland	5,812	10.4	35.2
Grenada	7,340	6.3	54.4
Guadeloupe	89,610	23.9	58.0
Guam	84,159	50.2	48.4
Guatemala	92,732	0.5	52.7
Guinea	117,416	0.8	41.2
Guinea-Bissau	15,064	0.7	50.6
Guyana	54,175	6.5	53.5
Haiti	19,581	0.2	44.4
Holy See	496	100.0	52.2
Honduras	39,901	0.4	47.5
Hungary	250,912	2.6	48.2
Iceland	98,818	25.1	45.4
India	4,796,255	0.3	57.1
Indonesia	445,726	0.2	46.2
Iran	3,840,654	4.2	52.0
Iraq	370,980	0.8	44.9
Ireland	1,216,237	23.1	51.9
Isle of Man	43,693	51.9	51.2
Israel	2,091,569	22.3	54.4
Italy	6,553,671	11.0	53.7
Jamaica	24,007	0.8	49.2
Japan	3,409,529	2.8	49.6
Jordan	3,480,168	33.8	44.3
Kazakhstan	2,089,797	10.1	59.3
Kenya	992,536	1.8	49.5
Kiribati	3,302	2.5	47.2
Kuwait	3,323,191	67.3	34.0
Kyrgyzstan	194,816	2.7	59.6
Laos	51,446	0.7	35.6
Latvia	220,471	11.8	59.5
Lebanon	1,422,583	24.5	49.3
Lesotho	15,039	0.6	45.8
Liberia	72,423	1.3	42.4
Libya	897,751	12.2	28.2
Liechtenstein	27,669	69.4	51.2
Lithuania	175,194	6.1	47.0
Luxembourg	344,309	51.2	49.1
Madagascar	38,625	0.1	43.0
Malawi	186,719	0.9	51.1
Malaysia	3,806,514	10.7	22.9
Maldives	75,099	14.2	12.3
Mali	545,323	2.2	49.3
Malta	199,466	37.0	42.4
Marshall Islands	3,309	8.8	38.7
Martinique	68,187	19.9	57.5
Mauritania	195,937	3.8	43.4
Mauritius	29,142	2.3	44.6
Mayotte	143,528	44.0	53.7
Mexico	1,726,089	1.3	47.3
Micronesia (Fed. States of)	2,894	2.6	46.5
Monaco	27,106	70.2	51.5
Mongolia	22,589	0.6	33.2
Montenegro	92,237	14.4	54.4
Montserrat	1,402	31.9	48.4
Morocco	111,069	0.3	48.5
Mozambique	353,143	1.0	51.2
Myanmar	79,052	0.1	45.2
Namibia	116,035	3.8	46.0
Nauru	2,548	21.3	41.1
Nepal	470,719	1.6	69.9
Netherlands	2,956,518	16.2	51.3
New Caledonia	76,738	26.2	47.7
New Zealand	1,467,989	28.2	50.9
Nicaragua	43,757	0.6	48.6
Niger	449,236	1.7	53.5
Nigeria	1,403,281	0.6	45.5
Niue	588	32.3	45.7
North Macedonia	150,902	8.3	58.0
Northern Mariana Islands	22,000	49.7	58.0
Norway	1,012,404	18.2	50.0
Oman	2,283,366	43.2	19.8
Pakistan	4,175,958	1.7	48.1
Palau	5,212	29.5	43.2
Panama	477,749	10.6	46.7
Papua New Guinea	31,171	0.3	39.2
Paraguay	180,837	2.6	47.9
Peru	1,837,219	5.4	53.8
Philippines	87,212	0.1	29.7
Poland	1,739,901	4.5	59.5
Portugal	1,127,184	10.8	52.1
Puerto Rico	223,323	6.9	53.5
Qatar	2,337,000	76.7	22.7
South Korea	2,650,783	5.2	46.9
Republic of Moldova	188,207	6.2	58.5
Romania	655,579	3.4	49.8
Russia	7,605,774	5.3	50.8
Rwanda	513,316	3.6	49.4
Réunion	135,534	15.4	49.3
Saint Helena	492	9.4	30.1
Saint Kitts and Nevis	7,958	17.0	47.4
Saint Lucia	8,079	4.5	52.0
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	1,008	17.9	47.6
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	4,820	4.8	48.4
Samoa	3,843	1.8	49.5
San Marino	5,838	17.4	46.0
Sao Tome and Principe	1,955	0.8	50.1
Saudi Arabia	13,683,841	40.3	22.3
Senegal	281,867	1.5	47.0
Serbia	712,550	10.6	55.9
Seychelles	13,261	10.2	30.0
Sierra Leone	49,997	0.6	43.4
Singapore	2,841,665	48.7	57.1
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)	30,148	69.5	52.1
Slovakia	323,991	5.9	61.4
Slovenia	315,122	14.9	41.4
Solomon Islands	2,469	0.3	43.9
Somalia	77,972	0.4	44.9
South Africa	2,631,100	4.1	41.9
South Sudan	914,001	7.7	49.7
Spain	8,870,527	18.5	51.7
Sri Lanka	40,698	0.2	47.3
Palestine	272,481	5.0	54.3
Sudan	2,397,113	4.8	50.3
Suriname	51,902	8.2	45.0
Sweden	2,272,158	21.4	52.0
Switzerland	2,503,840	28.8	50.3
Syrian Arab Republic	896,042	3.6	50.2
Tajikistan	276,777	2.6	56.8
Thailand	3,179,399	4.4	43.8
Timor-Leste	8,303	0.6	39.6
Togo	281,994	3.0	49.3
Tokelau	1,282	51.2	52.7
Tonga	3,581	3.4	45.4
Trinidad and Tobago	113,478	7.5	50.3
Tunisia	63,201	0.5	47.7
Turkmenistan	193,763	2.6	52.6
Turks and Caicos Islands	28,455	61.1	48.2
Tuvalu	246	2.6	44.7
Turkey	7,083,501	8.1	50.3
Uganda	2,057,759	4.1	55.0
Ukraine	5,064,173	13.4	57.0
United Arab Emirates	8,157,000	74.0	32.7
United Kingdom	11,845,479	17.1	48.5
United Republic of Tanzania	462,371	0.7	50.0
United States Virgin Islands	56,779	66.9	52.9
United States of America	52,375,047	15.2	51.1
Uruguay	160,064	4.7	52.5
Uzbekistan	1,154,963	3.2	53.2
Vanuatu	3,315	1.0	50.3
Venezuela	1,263,304	4.4	50.7
Vietnam	326,418	0.3	52.8
Wallis and Futuna Islands	2,032	18.0	49.5
Western Sahara	5,628	1.0	40.9
Yemen	392,997	1.0	42.3
Zambia	249,205	1.2	48.1
Zimbabwe	429,108	2.6	43.2

Emigrant population

Countries and regions of origin by emigrant population in 2019^[5]

Country or region of origin	Emigrants	Article
World	271,642,105
Other South	7,950,425
Other North	3,407,920
Afghanistan	5,120,756	Afghan diaspora
Albania	1,207,032	Albanian diaspora
Algeria	1,944,784
American Samoa	1,817
Andorra	9,114
Angola	661,590
Anguilla	2,707
Antigua and Barbuda	55,089
Argentina	1,013,414
Armenia	964,848	Armenian diaspora
Aruba	19,640
Australia	577,255	Australian diaspora
Austria	575,950	Austrians Abroad
Azerbaijan	1,155,852	Azerbaijani diaspora
Bahamas	46,467
Bahrain	60,153
Bangladesh	7,835,152	Bangladeshi diaspora
Barbados	112,925
Belarus	1,480,794	Belarusian diaspora
Belgium	581,740
Belize	68,144
Benin	666,357
Bermuda	18,049
Bhutan	49,216
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)	878,211
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba	12,764
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,653,056	Bosnian diaspora
Botswana	86,501
Brazil	1,745,339	Brazilian diaspora
British Virgin Islands	5,417
Brunei Darussalam	46,977
Bulgaria	1,541,860	Bulgarian diaspora
Burkina Faso	1,581,083
Burundi	623,999
Cabo Verde	186,372
Cambodia	1,097,884
Cameroon	383,029
Canada	1,323,087	Canadian diaspora
Cayman Islands	1,973
Central African Republic	767,884
Chad	206,400
Channel Islands	22,545
Chile	650,151
China	10,732,281	Chinese diaspora
China, Hong Kong SAR	1,110,358	Emigration from Hong Kong
China, Macao SAR	161,930
Colombia	2,869,032	Colombian diaspora
Comoros	120,297
Congo	239,397
Cook Islands	22,488
Costa Rica	150,400
Côte d'Ivoire	1,114,003
Croatia	990,012	Croatian diaspora
Cuba	1,654,684	Cuban diaspora
Curaçao	123,132
Cyprus	214,648	Greek Cypriot diaspora
Czech Republic	911,388	Czech diaspora
Dem. People's Republic of Korea	113,118	Korean diaspora
Democratic Republic of the Congo	1,684,615
Denmark	255,616
Djibouti	18,668
Dominica	78,634
Dominican Republic	1,558,668
Ecuador	1,183,685	Emigration from Ecuador
Egypt	3,547,626	Egyptian diaspora
El Salvador	1,600,739
Equatorial Guinea	125,670
Eritrea	751,481
Estonia	208,257
Eswatini	108,188
Ethiopia	871,747
Falkland Islands	1,623
Faroe Islands	13,838
Fiji	222,633
Finland	290,006	Finnish diaspora
France	2,296,534	French diaspora
French Guiana	4,555
French Polynesia	1,982
Gabon	46,684
Gambia	118,483
Georgia	852,816	Georgian diaspora
Germany	4,014,203	German diaspora
Ghana	970,625
Gibraltar	14,320
Greece	1,039,257	Greek diaspora
Greenland	18,684
Grenada	75,784
Guadeloupe	11,856
Guam	2,197
Guatemala	1,205,644
Guinea	530,963
Guinea-Bissau	103,587
Guyana	520,196
Haiti	1,585,681
Holy See	217
Honduras	800,707
Hungary	632,126	Hungarian diaspora
Iceland	42,186	Icelandic diaspora
India	17,510,931	Indian diaspora
Indonesia	4,532,992	Indonesian diaspora
Iran (Islamic Republic of)	4,037,258[6]	Iranian diaspora
Iraq	2,033,522	Iraqi diaspora
Ireland	816,797	Irish diaspora
Isle of Man	12,809
Israel	369,935	Yordim
Italy	3,077,777	Italian diaspora
Jamaica	1,111,021	Jamaican diaspora
Japan	838,852	Japanese diaspora
Jordan	784,377
Kazakhstan	4,005,587
Kenya	525,437
Kiribati	4,370
Kuwait	205,382
Kyrgyzstan	754,969
Lao People's Democratic Republic	1,347,034	Laotian diaspora
Latvia	332,220	Latvian diaspora
Lebanon	844,158	Lebanese diaspora
Lesotho	341,580
Liberia	219,338
Libya	180,586
Liechtenstein	3,713
Lithuania	610,223
Luxembourg	75,470
Madagascar	184,762
Malawi	324,541
Malaysia	1,689,222	Malaysian diaspora
Maldives	3,053	Maldivian diaspora
Mali	1,264,700
Malta	111,137	Emigration from Malta
Marshall Islands	8,205
Martinique	13,919
Mauritania	128,506
Mauritius	188,344
Mayotte	6,617
Mexico	11,796,178	Emigration from Mexico
Micronesia (Fed. States of)	21,819
Monaco	31,452
Mongolia	73,488	Mongolian diaspora
Montenegro	153,009
Montserrat	22,838
Morocco	3,136,069	Moroccan diaspora
Mozambique	1,013,416
Myanmar	3,699,472	Burmese diaspora
Namibia	195,515
Nauru	2,421
Nepal	2,285,364	Overseas Nepali
Netherlands	980,753	Dutch diaspora
New Caledonia	5,098
New Zealand	777,303
Nicaragua	682,865
Niger	401,653
Nigeria	1,438,331	Nigerian Diaspora
Niue	5,593
North Macedonia	658,264	Macedonian diaspora
Northern Mariana Islands	2,764
Norway	202,336	Norwegian diaspora
Oman	24,939
Pakistan	6,303,286	Pakistani diaspora
Palau	2,650
Panama	161,107
Papua New Guinea	219,126
Paraguay	871,638
Peru	3,505,511 [7]
Philippines	5,377,337	Overseas Filipinos
Poland	4,446,985	Polish diaspora
Portugal	2,631,559
Puerto Rico	5,807,347	Puerto Rican diaspora[note 1]
Qatar	171,632
Republic of Moldova	1,013,417	Moldovan diaspora
Réunion	133,769
Romania	3,572,794	Romanian diaspora
Russia	10,491,715	Russian diaspora
Rwanda	588,544
Saint Helena	6,596
Saint Kitts and Nevis	124,941
Saint Lucia	63,605
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	2,356
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	60,655
Samoa	124,403
San Marino	2,425
Sao Tome and Principe	37,013
Saudi Arabia	296,254
Senegal	642,654
Serbia	950,485	Serbian diaspora
Seychelles	36,788
Sierra Leone	187,102
Singapore	340,751	Overseas Singaporean
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)	29,209
Slovakia	345,683	Slovak diaspora
Slovenia	147,593	Slovene diaspora
Solomon Islands	4,234
Somalia	2,054,377	Somali diaspora
South Africa	824,601	South African diaspora
South Korea	2,176,580	Korean diaspora
South Sudan	2,608,218	South Sudanese diaspora
Spain	1,444,942	Spanish diaspora
Sri Lanka	1,775,768	Sri Lankan diaspora
State of Palestine	3,890,650	Palestinian diaspora
Sudan	2,040,613
Suriname	423,517
Sweden	353,825	Swedish diaspora
Switzerland	679,796	Swiss abroad
Syrian Arab Republic	8,225,499	Syrian diaspora
Tajikistan	597,959
Thailand	1,020,119
Timor-Leste	39,202
Togo	543,277
Tokelau	2,242
Tonga	74,433
Trinidad and Tobago	334,304
Tunisia	813,213
Turkey	3,493,071	Turkish diaspora
Turkmenistan	260,832
Turks and Caicos Islands	31,033
Tuvalu	3,276
Uganda	734,951
Ukraine	5,901,067	Ukrainian diaspora
United Arab Emirates	154,404	Emirati diaspora
United Kingdom	4,274,998	British diaspora
United Republic of Tanzania	323,173
United States of America	4,779,929	American diaspora[8]
United States Virgin Islands	25,863
Uruguay	633,439	Emigration from Uruguay
Uzbekistan	1,979,523
Vanuatu	7,346
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)	2,519,780	Venezuelan diaspora
Vietnam	2,683,954	Overseas Vietnamese
Wallis and Futuna Islands	11,820
Western Sahara	195,572
Yemen	1,267,610	Yemeni diaspora
Zambia	493,087
Zimbabwe	933,654	Zimbabwean diaspora

See also

• List of countries by ethnic and cultural diversity level
• List of U.S. states and territories by immigrant population
• List of diasporas

Notes

1. The United Nations statistically considers people born in the archipelago and island of Puerto Rico and living in the 50 states of the United States as international migrants, despite the fact that they have been U.S. citizens since the enactment of the Jones–Shafroth Act of 1917.