Saint Sava
12/13th-century Serbian prince, Orthodox monk, diplomat, and founder of Serbian law / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Saint Sava (Serbian: Свети Сава, romanized: Sveti Sava, pronounced [sʋɛ̂ːtiː sǎːʋa]; Old Church Slavonic: Свѧтъ Сава / ⰔⰂⰤⰕⰟ ⰔⰀⰂⰀ; Greek: Άγιος Σάββας; 1169 or 1174 – 14 January 1236), known as the Enlightener, was a Serbian prince and Orthodox monk, the first Archbishop of the autocephalous Serbian Church, the founder of Serbian law, and a diplomat. Sava, born as Rastko Nemanjić (Serbian Cyrillic: Растко Немањић), was the youngest son of Serbian Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja (founder of the Nemanjić dynasty), and ruled the appanage of Zachlumia briefly in 1190–92. He then left for Mount Athos, where he became a monk with the name Sava (Sabbas). At Athos he established the monastery of Hilandar, which became one of the most important cultural and religious centres of the Serbian people. In 1219 the Patriarchate exiled in Nicea recognized him as the first Serbian Archbishop, and in the same year he authored the oldest known constitution of Serbia, the Zakonopravilo nomocanon, thus securing full religious and political independence. Sava is regarded as the founder of Serbian medieval literature.[4][5][6][7][8]
Sava Archbishop of Serbia The Illuminator | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Fresco detail of Saint Sava in Serbian Orthodox Patriarchate of Peć monastery, Serbia | |
| Prince, Archbishop, Confessor, Equal to the Apostles | |
| Born | Rastko Nemanjić 1169 or 1174[a] Gradina, Zeta |
| Died | (1236-01-27)27 January 1236 (61–62 or 66–67) Tarnovo, Bulgarian Empire |
| Venerated in | Eastern Orthodox Church Catholic Church[1][2][3] |
| Major shrine | Church of Saint Sava, Belgrade |
| Feast | January 27 [O.S. January 14] |
| Attributes | Ktetor, teacher, theologian, legislator, diplomat, protector of the poor, writer |
| Patronage | Serbia, Serbs, Serbian schools |
| Serbian Archbishop | |
| Church | Serbian Orthodox Church |
| See | Žiča |
| Installed | 1219 |
| Term ended | 1235 |
| Successor | Arsenije |
| Other post(s) | Archimandrite |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | Patriarch Manuel I of Constantinople |
| Personal details | |
| Buried | Holy Forty Martyrs Church (until May 6, 1237) Mileševa (until 1594) |
| Nationality | Serbian |
| Denomination | Orthodox Christian |
| Parents | Stefan Nemanja and Ana |
| Occupation | archbishop |
| Signature |  |
He is widely considered one of the most important figures of Serbian history. Sava is considered to be to the Serbs what Averroes is to the Muslims and Maimonides is to the Jews. Saint Sava is venerated by the Eastern Orthodox Church on January 27 [O.S. January 14]. Many artistic works from the Middle Ages to modern times have interpreted his career. He is the patron saint of Serbia, Serbs, and Serbian education. The Church of Saint Sava in Belgrade is dedicated to him, built where the Ottomans burnt his remains in 1594,[9] during an uprising in which Serbs used icons of Sava as their war flags; the church is one of the largest church buildings in the world.