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1750s

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1750s
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The 1750s (pronounced "seventeen-fifties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1750, and ended on December 31, 1759. The 1750s was a pioneering decade. Waves of settlers flooded the New World (specifically the Americas) in hopes of re-establishing life away from European control, and electricity was a field of novelty that had yet to be merged with the studies of chemistry and engineering. Numerous discoveries of the 1750s forged the basis for contemporary scientific consensus. The decade saw the end of the Baroque period.

Thumb1755 Lisbon earthquake and tsunami
From top left, clockwise: The Treaty of Madrid amends the pre-existing Treaty of Tordesillas (1494). Signed in 1750, this Spanish-Portuguese agreement, enabled Portugal to claim more holdings in what is now Brazil; Dzungar Khanate is captured by Qing forces in 1755, ultimately transferring Xinjiang into the hands of Han Chinese power – a legacy that continues to this day in modern-day China; A destructive earthquake and tsunami ravages the city of Lisbon in 1755, strongly influencing the studies of engineering, as well as philosophical thoughts on the Western Age of Enlightenment; Britain's victory during the Battle of Quiberon Bay signalled the rise of the British Navy's power, as it heightens its ranks of becoming the world's foremost naval power, and a dominant global entity for the next two centuries; Halley's Comet appears accurately from scientific projections for the first time in 1759; Artificial refrigeration is invented and first used in 1758 under the studies of Scottish physician and chemist William Cullen; The precipitation of the French and Indian War in 1754 proved to become one of North America's first major interstate conflicts, and one of the largest to significantly involve Native American tribes such as the Iroquois, the Cherokee, and the Mi'kmaqs; Benjamin Franklin conducts his now-iconic kite experiment in 1752, leading him to the discovery of electricity and the invention of lightning rods.
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1750

JanuaryMarch

  • January 13 The Treaty of Madrid between Spain and Portugal authorizes a larger Brazil than had the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494, which originally established the boundaries of the Portuguese and Spanish territories in South America.
  • January 24 A fire in Istanbul destroys 10,000 homes.[1]
  • February 15 After Spain and Portugal agree that the Uruguay River will be the boundary line between the two kingdoms' territory in South America, the Spanish Governor orders the Jesuits to vacate seven Indian missions along the river (San Angel, San Nicolas, San Luis, San Lorenzo, San Miguel, San Juan and San Borja).[2]
  • March 5 The Murray-Kean Company, a troupe of actors from Philadelphia, gives the first performance of a play announced in advance in a newspaper, presenting Richard III at New York City's Nassau Street Theatre.[3]
  • March 20 The first number of Samuel Johnson's The Rambler appears.

AprilJune

  • April 7 Maveeran Alagumuthu Kone, a polygar in Tamil Nadu, raises slogans and launches a rebellion against Company rule in India due to his opposition to the East India Company's tax collection policies.
  • April 13 Dr. Thomas Walker and five other men (Ambrose Powell, Colby Chew, William Tomlinson, Henry Lawless and John Hughes) cross through the Cumberland Gap, a mountain pass through the Appalachian Mountains, to become the first white people to venture into territories that had been inhabited exclusively by various Native American tribes.[4] On April 17, Walker's party continues through what is now Kentucky and locates the Cumberland River, which Walker names in honor of Prince William, Duke of Cumberland.
  • April 14
    • A group of enslaved West African, bound for the Americas, successfully overpowers the crew of the British slaver ship Snow Ann, imprisons the survivors, and then navigates the vessel back to Cape Lopez in Gabon.[5] Upon regaining their freedom, the rebels leave the survivors on the Gabonese coast.
    • The Viceroy of New Spain, Juan Francisco de Güemes, issues a notice to the missionaries in Nuevo Santander (which includes parts of what are now the U.S. state of Texas, including San Antonio, and the Mexican state of Tamaulipas) to work peacefully to convert the indigenous Karankawa people to Roman Catholicism.[6]
  • April 25 The Acadian settlement in Beaubassin, Nova Scotia, is burnt by the French army, and the population is forcibly relocated, after France and Great Britain agree that the Missaguash River should be the new boundary between peninsular British Nova Scotia and the mainland remnant of French Acadia (now New Brunswick).[7]
  • May 16 Two weeks after police in Paris arrest six teenagers for gambling in the suburb of Saint-Laurent, rioting breaks out when a rumor spreads that plainclothes policemen are hauling off small children between the ages of five and ten years old, in order to provide blood to an ailing aristocrat.[8] Over the next two weeks, rioting breaks out in other sections of Paris. Police are attacked, including one who is beaten to death by the mob, until order is restored and police reforms are announced.[9]
  • June 19 At a time when mountain climbing is still relatively uncommon, Eggert Ólafsson and Bjarni Pálsson scale their first peak, the 4,892 foot (1,491 m) high Icelandic volcano, Hekla.[10]
  • June 24 Parliament passes Britain's Iron Act, designed to restrict American manufactured goods by prohibiting additional ironworking businesses from producing finished goods. At the same time, import taxes on raw iron from America are lifted in order to give British manufacturers additional material for production.[11] By 1775, the North American colonies have surpassed England and Wales in iron production and have become the world's third largest producer of iron.
  • June 29 An attempt in Lima to begin a native uprising against Spanish colonial authorities in the Viceroyalty of Peru is discovered and thwarted.[12] One of the conspirators, Francisco Garcia Jimenez, escapes to Huarochirí and kills dozens of Spaniards on July 25.

JulySeptember

OctoberDecember

Date unknown

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Significant people

Births

1750

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Antonio Salieri
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Tipu Sultan

1751

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James Madison
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Caroline Matilda

1752

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John Nash
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Gouverneur Morris
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John Graves Simcoe
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Humphry Repton
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Albrecht Thaer
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Frances Burney
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St. George Tucker
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Maria Carolina of Austria
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Adrien-Marie Legendre
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Józef Zajączek
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George Rogers Clark
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Thomas Chatterton
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Gabriel Duvall

1753

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John Soane

1754

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Frédéric-César de La Harpe
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Louis XVI of France

1755

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Marie Antoinette
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Louis XVIII

1756

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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

1757

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Alexander Hamilton
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Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
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William Blake

1758

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James Monroe
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Maximilien Robespierre
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Thomas Picton
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Christopher Gore
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Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson
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Noah Webster

1759

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Mary Wollstonecraft
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William Wilberforce
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Friedrich Schiller
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Deaths

1750

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Johann Sebastian Bach

1751

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Tomaso Albinoni
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King Frederick I of Sweden
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Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke

1752

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Joseph Butler
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William Whiston

1753

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George Berkeley

1754

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Marie Isabelle de Rohan, Duchess of Tallard died 5 January
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Lord Archibald Hamilton died 5 April
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Maria Teresa Felicitas d'Este died 30 April
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Carl Georg Siöblad died 1 September
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Safdar Jang died 5 October
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Mahmud I died 13 December

1755

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Montesquieu
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Saint Gerard Majella

1756

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Eliza Haywood

1757

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Sophia Dorothea of Hanover
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Sultan Osman III

1758

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Jonathan Edwards
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Marthanda Varma
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James Francis Edward Keith
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Françoise de Graffigny

1759

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George Frideric Handel
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References

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