HDAC4

Histone deacetylase 4, also known as HDAC4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HDAC4 gene.^[5][6]

HDAC4
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2H8N, 2O94, 2VQJ, 2VQM, 2VQO, 2VQQ, 2VQV, 2VQW, 3UXG, 3UZD, 3V31, 4CBT, 4CBY, 5A2S
Identifiers
Aliases	HDAC4, AHO3, BDMR, HA6116, HD4, HDAC-4, HDAC-A, HDACA, histone deacetylase 4, NEDCHID
External IDs	OMIM: 605314; MGI: 3036234; HomoloGene: 55946; GeneCards: HDAC4; OMA:HDAC4 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 2 (human)[1] Band 2q37.3 Start 239,048,168 bp[1] End 239,401,654 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 1 (mouse)[2] Band 1|1 D Start 91,856,501 bp[2] End 92,123,421 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in sural nerve glutes gastrocnemius muscle tibialis anterior muscle muscle of thigh muscle layer of sigmoid colon endothelial cell deltoid muscle Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii blood Top expressed in otic vesicle granulocyte gastrula Rostral migratory stream dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell muscle of thigh lip interventricular septum muscle tissue skeletal muscle tissue More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity (H3-K14 specific) sequence-specific DNA binding DNA binding transcription corepressor activity histone deacetylase activity zinc ion binding transcription factor binding histone deacetylase binding potassium ion binding chromatin binding metal ion binding protein binding protein kinase binding hydrolase activity protein deacetylase activity identical protein binding promoter-specific chromatin binding RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding SUMO transferase activity Cellular component cytoplasm histone deacetylase complex neuromuscular junction transcription repressor complex sarcomere Z discdkac A band actomyosin nucleus cytosol nucleoplasm protein-containing complex Biological process positive regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process histone H3 deacetylation skeletal system development chromatin remodeling peptidyl-lysine deacetylation regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling negative regulation of glycolytic process response to interleukin-1 regulation of transcription, DNA-templated regulation of gene expression, epigenetic cellular response to tumor necrosis factor positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of protein sumoylation negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation transcription, DNA-templated nervous system development regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration B cell activation histone H4 deacetylation cellular response to mechanical stimulus positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress positive regulation of cell population proliferation negative regulation of myotube differentiation response to denervation involved in regulation of muscle adaptation regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development osteoblast development B cell differentiation cellular response to parathyroid hormone stimulus inflammatory response positive regulation of lamellipodium assembly regulation of protein binding negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated histone deacetylation positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II negative regulation of cell population proliferation positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation chromatin organization negative regulation of pri-miRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II protein deacetylation protein sumoylation positive regulation of male mating behavior Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 9759 208727 Ensembl ENSG00000068024 ENSMUSG00000026313 UniProt P56524 Q6NZM9 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_006037 NM_001378414 NM_001378415 NM_001378416 NM_001378417 NM_207225 RefSeq (protein) NP_006028 NP_001365343 NP_001365344 NP_001365345 NP_001365346 NP_997108 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 239.05 – 239.4 Mb Chr 1: 91.86 – 92.12 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Function

Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to class II of the histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. It possesses histone deacetylase activity and represses transcription when tethered to a promoter. This protein does not bind DNA directly but through transcription factors MEF2C and MEF2D. It seems to interact in a multiprotein complex with RbAp48 and HDAC3.^[7] Furthermore, HDAC4 is required for TGFbeta1-induced myofibroblastic differentiation.^[8]

Clinical significance

Studies have shown that HDAC4 regulates bone and muscle development. Harvard University researchers also concluded that it promotes healthy vision: Reduced levels of the protein led to the death of the rod photoreceptors and bipolar cells in the retinas of mice.^[9][10]

Interactions

HDAC4 has been shown to interact with:

• BCL6,^[11]
• BTG2,^[12][13]
• CBX5,^[14]
• GATA1,^[15]
• HDAC3,^{[5][16][17][18]}
• MAPK1,^[19]
• MAPK3,^[19]
• MEF2C,^[20][21]
• Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A,^[22][23]
• Nuclear receptor co-repressor 1,^[16][24]
• Nuclear receptor co-repressor 2,^[16][24]
• Testicular receptor 2,^[25][26]
• YWHAB,^[17]
• YWHAE,^[17][27] and
• Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16.^[11][28]

See also

• Histone deacetylase