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List of conflicts in the southern Levant
List of conflicts From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This is a list of conflicts in the southern Levant arranged chronologically from ancient to modern times. This region has also been referred to historically as the Land of Canaan, the Land of Israel, the Holy Land, the Promised Land, and Palestine. This region has been ruled over by many nations, including the Canaanites, Israelites, Judeans, Romans, Rashidun Caliphates, Crusaders, Ottoman Empire, British Empire, and today, Israel and Palestine. In addition to wars and battles, there may also be periods of violent, civil unrest included in this list, such as: massacres, riots, rebellions, and revolutions.
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1050 BCE–551 BCE
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Started | Ended | Name of conflict | Belligerents | |
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Victorious party (if applicable) | Defeated party (if applicable) | |||
c. 1025 BCE |
c. 1025 BCE |
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c. 1010 BCE |
c. 1010 BCE |
Siege of Jebus | ||
Early 9th century BC |
Early 9th century BC |
Battle of Zephath | ||
c. 874 BCE |
c. 874 BCE |
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736 BCE |
732 BCE |
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701 BCE |
701 BCE |
Supported by |
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701 BCE |
701 BCE |
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701 BCE | 701 BCE | Siege of Lachish | Neo-Assyrian Empire | Kingdom of Judah |
701 BC |
701 BC |
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c. 655 BC |
c. 655 BC |
Fall of Ashdod
Part of the Wars of Neo-Assyria |
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609 BC |
609 BC |
Battle of Megiddo (609 BC)
Part of the Medo-Babylonian conquest of the Assyrian Empire |
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601 BCE |
586 BCE |
Neo-Babylonian Empire |
Kingdom of Judah | |
c. 597 BC |
c. 597 BC |
Siege of Jerusalem (597 BCE) Part of Judah's revolts against Babylon (601–586 BC) |
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589 BC |
587 BC |
Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC) Part of the Jewish–Babylonian War |
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550 BCE–1 BCE
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Started | Ended | Name of conflict | Belligerents | |
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Victorious party (if applicable) | Defeated party (if applicable) | |||
336 BC |
323 BC |
India:
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332 BC |
332 BC |
Siege of Gaza |
Achaemenid Empire | |
322 BC |
281 BC |
First War (321–319 BC):
Second War (318–316 BC): Third War (315-311BC): Babylonian War (311–309 BC): Fourth War (307–301 BC): |
First War (321–319 BC):
Second War (318–316 BC):
Third War (315-311 BC): Babylonian War (311–309 BC): Fourth War (307–301 BC): | |
312 BC |
312 BC |
Battle of Gaza (312 BCE) Part of the Wars of the Diadochi |
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167 BCE |
141 BCE |
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167 or 166 BCE |
167 or 166 BCE |
Battle of the Ascent of Lebonah
Part of the Maccabean Revolt |
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166 BC or 165 BC |
166 BC or 165 BC |
Battle of Beth Horon (166 BCE) Part of the Maccabean Revolt |
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165 BC |
165 BC |
Battle of Emmaus Part of the Maccabean Revolt |
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164 BC |
164 BC |
Battle of Beth Zur Part of the Maccabean Revolt |
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163 BCE | 163 BCE | Maccabee campaigns of 163 BC
Part of the Maccabean Revolt |
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163 BCE |
163 BCE |
Battle of Dathema Part of the Maccabean Revolt |
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162 BC |
162 BC |
Battle of Beth Zechariah Part of the Maccabean Revolt |
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161 BC |
161 BC |
Battle of Adasa Part of the Maccabean Revolt |
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160 BCE |
160 BCE |
Battle of Elasa Part of the Maccabean Revolt |
Maccabean rebels | |
107 BCE | 88 BCE | Civil War of Ptolemy Lathyros | Egypt (Ptolemy IX Soter) | Egypt (Cleopatra III) |
93 BC |
93 BC |
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93 BCE |
87 BCE |
Judean Civil War Part of the Pharisee-Sadducee conflict |
Pharisees: | |
67 BCE |
63 BCE |
Hasmonean Civil War Part of the Pharisee-Sadducee conflict Part of the Third Mithridatic War |
Hyrcanus supporters: |
Aristobulus supporters: |
63 BC |
63 BC |
Siege of Jerusalem (63 BCE) Part of the Hasmonean civil war |
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37 or 36 BC[i] |
37 or 36 BC |
Siege of Jerusalem (37 BCE) Part of the Antony's Parthian War |
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1–999
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1000–1499
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1500–1899
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Started | Ended | Name of conflict | Belligerents | |
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Victorious party (if applicable) | Defeated party (if applicable) | |||
1516 |
1517 |
Second Ottoman–Mamluk War |
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1658 |
1667 |
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1798 |
1801 |
French campaign in Egypt and Syria Part of the War of the Second Coalition |
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1799 |
1799 |
1799 Siege of Jaffa |
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1799 |
1799 |
1799 Siege of Acre |
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1799 |
1799 |
1799 Battle of Mount Tabor |
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1831 |
1833 |
First Egyptian–Ottoman War |
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1834 |
1835 |
Syrian Peasant Revolt |
Alawite clans | |
1838 |
1838 |
1838 Druze revolt |
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Druze clans
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1839 |
1841 |
Second Egyptian–Ottoman War |
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1860 |
1860 |
Rural Druze clans
Supported by:
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Maronites and allies
Supported by: |
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1900–1999
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2000–2024
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Notes
- Lebanon had decided to not participate in the war and only took part in the battle of al-Malikiya on 5–6 June 1948.[10]
- The Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades was Fatah's armed wing, and while still aligned with Fatah in terms of political ideology,[58] is now a member of the Palestinian Joint Operations Room and allied with Hamas.[59] The AAMB separated from Fatah after Mahmoud Abbas' 2007 decree banning all militias following the Battle of Gaza.[60] Nonetheless, it sometimes still presents itself as the party's armed wing, an association rejected by Fatah leadership.[61][62]
- Besides Hamas and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, FDD's Long War Journal identified the following militant groups as having fought in the 2021 conflict: Jihad Jibril Brigades, Humat al-Aqsa, Jaysh al-Ummah, Katibat al-Sheikh al-Emireen, Mujahideen Brigades, Abdul al-Qadir al-Husseini Brigades, and two al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades splinter factions.[77]
- Popular Forces have been described as a Salafi Jihadist organisation with alleged ties to the Islamic State. Several senior leaders in the Popular Forces also allied with the Islamic State in the Sinai.[90]
- Despite the ceasefire calling for Israel's full withdrawal, Israel only partially withdrew, maintaining an occupation force in parts of Southern Lebanon.[93]
- Political legitimacy of all Houthi-led government bodies has been rejected by the United Nations, rival Yemeni factions, the Gulf Cooperation Council, and the United States.
- Multiple sources indicate that the Iranian government has deployed military personnel to Houthi-controlled Yemen who are actively involved in attacks on commercial shipping.[102]
- Josephus simultaneously dates the siege and capture to when Agrippa and Gallus were consuls at Rome (37 BC), and to 27 years after Pompey's capture of the city in 63 (36 BC). Emil Schürer (1891) tried to reconcile the two conflicting statements by proposing that Josephus counted the years inclusively, placing the siege in 37, and a majority of scholars have concurred with this view. Filmer, Steinmann and others argued that Josephus's reckoning of dates by Roman consuls is unreliable and conflicts with external evidence, and that 36 should be preferred.[1][2]
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References
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