List of extinct languages of Asia

This is a list of extinct languages of Asia, languages which have undergone language death, have no native speakers, and no spoken descendant.

Language Endangerment Status by UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger category
Extinct (EX)
Extinct (EX)	(lists)
Endangered
Critically Endangered (CR) Severely Endangered (SE) Definitely Endangered (DE) Vulnerable (VU)	(list) (list) (list) (list)
Safe
Safe (NE)	no list
Other categories
Revived (RE) Constructed (CL)	(list) (list)
Related topics Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger Endangered Languages Project Ethnologue Unclassified language List of languages by total number of speakers
UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger categories
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There are 220 languages listed. 18 from Central Asia, 44 from East Asia, 20 from South Asia, 42 from Southeast Asia, 27 from Siberia and 74 from West Asia.

Central Asia

Language/dialect	Family	Date of extinction	Ethnic group(s)	Native to	Notes
Avestan	Indo-European	800s BC[1]	Avestan people	Central Asia	Used as scriptural language of Zoroastrianism
Bactrian	Indo-European	1000s AD[2]	Bactrians	Bactria
Bulgar	Turkic	1200s AD[3]	Bulgars	Pontic–Caspian steppe
Cuman	Turkic	1770 AD[4]	Cumans	Cumania
Fergana Kipchak	Turkic	1920s[5]	Fergana Kipchak speakers	Fergana Valley
Gorgani	Indo-European	1500-1700s AD[6]	Semnani	Gorgan
Hunnic	Turkic	400s AD[7]	Huns	Eurasian Steppe
Inku	Indo-European	1990s[8]	Jalali, Pikraj, Shadibaz, Vangawala	Afghanistan
Kambojan	Indo-European	[data missing]	Kambojas	Kamboja Kingdom
Khazar	Turkic	1100s AD[9]	Khazars	Khazar Khaganate
Khwarezmian	Turkic	1000s AD[10]	Khwarezmians	Khwarazm
Moghol	Mongolic	2013[11]	Moghols	Herat
Nam	Sino-Tibetan	[data missing]	Nam speakers	Central Asia
Pahlavani	Indo-European	[data missing]	Pahlavani people	Chakhansur District
Parthian	Indo-European	1000s AD[12]	Parthians	Parthia
Sarghulami	Indo-European	by 2014[13]	Sarghulami	Badakhshan
Vanji	Indo-European	after 1925[14]	Vanj people	Emirate of Bukhara
Wotapuri-Katarqalai	Indo-European	1960[15]	Wotapuri-Katarqalai speakers	Afghanistan

East Asia

Language/dialect	Family	Date of extinction	Ethnic group(s)	Native to	Notes
Alchuka	Tungusic	1980s[citation needed]	Alchuka	Heilongjiang
Babuza	Austronesian	by 1977[16]	Babuza and Taokas	western coast of Taiwan
Baekje	Koreanic	600s AD[17]	Baekje	Baekje
Bailang	Sino-Tibetan	300s AD[18]	Bailang speakers	Sichuan
Bala	Tungusic	1982 AD[19]	Bala	Zhangguangcai Range
Balhae	unclassified	[data missing]	Balhae speakers	Balhae
Basay	Austronesian	1940-1960s[citation needed]	Qauqaut and Basay	Northern Taiwan
Buyeo	Koreanic?	500s AD[20]	Yemaek	Manchuria
Chinese Kyakala	Tungusic	1980s[citation needed]	Kyakala	Northeastern China
Di	unclassified	after 500s AD[citation needed]	Di	western China
Dingling	unclassified	after 600s AD[citation needed]	Dingling	northern China
Favorlang	Austronesian	1740-1760s[citation needed]	Babuza	Taiwan
Gaya	unclassified	600s AD[20]	Kara tribal confederation	Gaya confederacy
Goguryeo	Koreanic?	700s AD[21]	Goguryeo people	Manchuria and Korea
Jie	either Yeniseian or Turkic	after 350 AD[citation needed]	Jie people	Northern China
Kiautschou German pidgin	German-based pidgin	1900-1920s[22]	German-educated Chinese	Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory
Khitan	Para-Mongolic?	1125 AD[23]	Khitan people	northeastern China, southeastern Mongolia and eastern Siberia
Khoton	Turkic	1800s AD[24]	Khotons	Inner Mongolia and Mongolia
Kulon	Austronesian	[data missing]	Kulon speakers	Taiwan
Lewu	Sino-Tibetan	1985[citation needed]	Yao	Yunnan
Longjia	Sino-Tibetan	possibly by 2011[25]	Longjia	Guizhou
Luilang	Austronesian	by 1977[16]	Ketagalan	Banqiao District
Luren	Sino-Tibetan	1960s[26]	Luren	Guizhou
Mahan	Koreanic?	600s AD[20]	Mahan people	Mahan confederacy
Okjeo	Koreanic?	500s AD[20]	Okjeo people	Okjeo
Old Yue	unclassified	0s AD[citation needed]	Nanyue	Southern China
Papora-Hoanya	Austronesian	by 2009[27]	Papora and Hoanya	Taiwan
Pazeh	Austronesian	2010[28]	Kazabu and Pazeh people	Taiwan	12 speakers of Kaxabu dialect
Rouran	Mongolic	after 620 AD[29]	Rouran	Rouran Khaganate (Mongolia and Northern China)
Siraya	Austronesian	1800s AD[30]	Siraya	Taiwan
Taivoan	Austronesian	1870-1890s AD[31]	Taivoan people	Taiwan
Tamna	Japonic?	1400s AD[32]	Tamnans	Tamna
Tangut	Sino-Tibetan	1500s AD[33]	Tangut	Northwestern China
Tocharian A	Indo-European	850 AD[34]	Tocharians	Tarim Basin
Tocharian B	Indo-European	850 AD[35]	Tocharians	Kucha
Tocharian C	Indo-European	850 AD[36]	Tocharians	Tarim Basin
Tuyuhun	Para-Mongolic?	500s AD[37]	Tuyuhun people	Tuyuhun
Tuoba	Para-Mongolic?	400s AD[citation needed]	Tuoba	Northern China and Mongolia
Wuhuan	Para-Mongolic?	200s AD[38]	Wuhuan	Inner Mongolia
Wusun	Indo-European	after 5th century AD[citation needed]	Wusun	Qilian Mountains and Dunhuang
Xiongnu	Turkic	100s AD[citation needed]	Xiongnu	Xiongnu Empire
Xianbei	Para-Mongolic?	200s AD[citation needed]	Xianbei	Xianbei state
Ye-Maek	Koreanic	500s AD[20]	Yemaek	Manchuria and Southern Korea
Yokohamese	Japanese based pidgin	1870-1890s[39]	Western and Chinese traders	Yokohama
Zhang-Zhung	Sino-Tibetan	900s AD[40]	Zhangzhung people	western Tibet

South Asia

Language/dialect	Family	Date of extinction	Ethnic group(s)	Native to	Notes
Ahom	Kra–Dai	1800s	Ahoms	Assam
Angami Naga Sign Language	language isolate	after 1921	Angami Nagas	Nagaland
Ashokan Prakrit	Indo-European	232 BC[41]	Ashoka	Maurya Empire
Bengali Portuguese Creole	Portuguese creole	early 20th century[citation needed]	Bengali Portuguese Creole speakers	India and Bangladesh
Bombay Portuguese Creole	Portuguese creole	[data missing]	Bombay Portuguese Creole speakers	Mumbai
Chakpa	Sino-Tibetan	since the 1950s[42]	Chakpa speakers	Manipur
Cochin Portuguese Creole	Portuguese creole	20 August 2010[43]	Cochin Portuguese Creole speakers	Kochi
Dura	Sino-Tibetan	August 2008[44]	Dura	Nepal
Gandhari	Indo-European	200s AD[45]	Gandhari people	Gandhara
Harappan	unclassified	1900s BC[46]	Harappan people	Indus River
Judeo-Urdu	Indo-European	1700s[citation needed]	Baghdadi Jews	Mumbai and Kolkata
Lubanki	Indo-European	[data missing]	Labana	Punjab
Malaryan	Dravidian	by 1996[47]	Malaryan speakers	Kerala
Moran	Sino-Tibetan	by 1931[48]	Morans	Assam
Nagarchal	Dravidian	1981[49]	Nagarchi	Central India
Paishachi	Indo-European	900s AD[50]	Paishachi people	North India
Rangas	Sino-Tibetan	after 1900-1920s[51]	Rangkas people	Uttarakhand
Shauraseni Prakrit	Indo-European	1000s AD[52]	Medieval Indians	Medieval India
Tolcha	Sino-Tibetan	since the 1950s[53]	Tolcchas	Niti Valley	Dialect of Rongpo
Ullatan	Dravidian	1991[54]	Ulladan	India

Southeast Asia

Language/dialect	Family	Date of extinction	Ethnic group(s)	Native to	Notes
Ata	Austronesian	2001-2007[55]	Ata speakers	Negros
Bale	Andamanese	1930-1950s[56]	Bale	Ritchie's Archipelago, Havelock Island and Neil Island
Bea	Andamanese	1931[56]	Bea	western Andaman Strait and the northern and western coast of South Andaman
Bo	Andamanese	January 26, 2010[57]	Bo	west central coast of the North Andaman and on the North Reef Island	Dialect of Northern Andamanese
Cari	Andamanese	April 4, 2020[58]	Cari	north coast of North Andaman and on Landfall Island	Dialect of Northern Andamanese
Dicamay Agta	Austronesian	1957-1974 [59]	Aeta	Luzon
Great Andamanese koiné	Mixed Khora–Bo–Jeru–Sare on a Jeru base	2009[60]	Jeru	Strait Island
Hoti	Austronesian	by 2007 AD[61]	Hoti speakers	Maluku Islands
Hpon	Sino-Tibetan	1990s[62]	Hpon speakers	Myanmar
Hukumina	Austronesian	by 2024[63]	Hukumina speakers	northwest Buru
Jangil	Andamanese	by 1920s[64]	Jangil	Rutland Island	Unattested
Judeo-Malay	Austronesian	[data missing]	Malaysian Jews	Penang
Juwoi	Andamanese	1931[56]	Juwoi	west central and southwest interior of Middle Andaman
Kamarian	Austronesian	2001-2007[65]	Kamarian	west Seram Island
Katabangan	Austronesian	by 2006[66]	Agta	Bondoc Peninsula
Kayeli	Austronesian	1989[67]	Kayeli people	Buru
Kede	Andamanese	1930-1950s[56]	Aka-Kede	Southeast Middle Andaman
Kenaboi	unclassified	after 1890s[citation needed]	Kenaboi	Negeri Sembilan
Kol	Andamanese	1921[56]	Kol	Northern section of Middle Andaman
Kora	Andamanese	November 2009[68]	Kora	northeast and north central coasts of North Andaman and Smith Island	Dialect of Northern Andamanese
Lelak	Austronesian	1970s[69]	Lelak people	Sarawak
Loun	Austronesian	[data missing]	Loun people	Maluku Islands
Luhu	Austronesian	by 2024[63]	Luhu speakers	Seram Island
Makuva	Trans–New Guinea?	1950s[70]	Makuva people	East Timor
Mardijker	Portuguese creole	2012[71]	Mardijker people	Jakarta
Moksela	unclassified	1974[72]	Moksela people	Buru Island
Nila	Austronesian	1999[73]	Nila speakers	Nila Island and Seram Island
Pucikwar	Andamanese	1930-1950s[56]	Pucikwar	south coast of Middle Andaman, northeast coast of South Andaman and Baratang Island
Palumata	Austronesian?	by 2024[63]	Palumata speakers	Buru
Phalok	Austroasiatic	since 1950s[74]	Phalok people	Chiang Mai
Portugis	Portuguese creole	by 2024[63]	Christians of mixed Portuguese and Malay ancestry	Indonesia
Pyu	Sino-Tibetan	1100s AD[75]	Pyu people	Myanmar
Rusenu	Trans–New Guinea?	after 2007[70]	Rusenu speakers	eastern East Timor
Sabüm	Austroasiatic	1976[76]	[data missing]	Malaysia
Seru	Austronesian	since 1950s[77]	Seru people	Sarawak
Serua	Austronesian	by 2024[63]	Seruans	Seram Island
Taman	Sino-Tibetan	1990s[78]	Shan	Tamanthi
Tambora	Papuan	April 1815[79]	Tambora culture	Sumbawa
Tây Bồi	French pidgin	after 1954[80]	Vietnamese people	Vietnam
Teun	Austronesian	2013[81]	Teun speakers	Seram Island
Timor Pidgin	Portuguese creole	1960s[82]	Portuguese settlers	Dili
Wila'	Austroasiatic	1800s-1820s[citation needed]	Wila' speaking people	Malaysia

Siberia

Language/dialect	Family	Date of extinction	Ethnic group(s)	Native to	Notes
Arin	Yeniseian	late 1730s[83]	Arins	Yenisey between Yeniseysk and Krasnoyarsk
Arman	Tungusic	1970s[84]	Evens	Arman river	Dialect of Even
Assan	Yeniseian	1790[85]	Asan people	Krasnoyarsk Krai
Bering Aleut	Eskaleut	March 2021[86]	Aleuts	Kamchatka Krai, Russia	Dialect of Aleut
Chuvan	Yukaghir	1700s[87]	Chuvans	Anadyr river basin of Chukotka
Eastern Itelmen	Chukotko-Kamchatkan	1930s[88]	Itelmens	Kamchatka Peninsula
Eastern Mansi	Uralic	2018[89]	Mansi	Khanty-Mansi
Govorka	Russian based creole	by 2005[90]	Nganasan	Taymyr Peninsula
Kamas	Uralic	1989[91]	Kamasins	north of the Sayan Mountains
Kamas Turk	Turkic	since 1950s[92]	Khakas	Khakassia	Dialect of Khakas
Kerek	Chukotko-Kamchatkan	2005[93]	Kereks	Chukotka
Kott	Yeniseian	1800s[94]	Kotts	Mana
Kuril Ainu	Ainu	1850-1890s[95]	Kuril Ainu	Kuril Islands, Kamchatka and Hokkaido
Kyakhta	Russian-Chinese pidgin	1920-1940s[96]	Russian and Chinese traders	Kyakhta
Lower Chulym	Turkic	2011[97]	Chulyms	Siberia	Dialect of Chulym
Mator	Uralic	1840 AD[98]	Koibal	Sayan Mountains
Mednyj Aleut	Mixed Aleut–Russian	October 2022[86]	Alaskan Creoles on Medny Island	Commander Islands, Russia
Omok	Yukaghir	1700s[99]	Omoks	Yakutia and Magadan
Pumpokol	Yeniseian	1740s[100]	Pumpokols	Yenisey
Sakhalin Ainu	Ainu	1994[101]	Sakhalin Ainu	Sakhalin and Hokkaido
Sireniki	Eskaleut	1997[102]	Sirenik Eskimos	Bering Strait region
Southern Itelmen	Chukotko-Kamchatkan	1900s[88]	Itelmens	Kamchatka Peninsula
Southern Khanty	Uralic	1940s-1960s[103]	Khanty	lower Irtysh	56 speakers reported in 2010
Southern Mansi	Uralic	1930-1970s[104]	Mansi	Sverdlovsk
Western Mansi	Uralic	1970-1990s[105]	Mansi	Sverdlovsk
Yugh	Yeniseian	by 1972[106]	Yug	Yenisey
Yurats	Uralic	1800s[107]	Yurats	west of the Yenisey

West Asia

Language/dialect	Family	Date of extinction	Ethnic group(s)	Native to	Notes
Adhari	Indo-European	1600s AD[108]	Azaris	Iranian Azerbaijan
Akkadian	Afroasiatic	100s AD[109]	Akkadians	Mesopotamia
Ammonite	Afroasiatic	500s BC[110]	Ammonites	northwestern Jordan
Amorite	Afroasiatic	2nd millennium BC[citation needed]	Amorites	Levant
Ancient Cappadocian	unclassified	500s AD[111]	Ancient Cappadocian speakers	Anatolia
Armazic	Afroasiatic	100s AD[112]	Aramaic Caucasians	South Caucasus	Dialect of Aramaic
Carian	Indo-European	200s BC[113]	Carians	Caria
Cimmerian	Indo-European	620–580s BC[114]	Cimmerians	West Asia
Dadanitic	Afroasiatic	second half of the first millennium BC[115]	Lihyanites	Lihyan
Daylami	Indo-European	1300s AD[116]	Daylamites	South Caspian Sea
Dilmunite	Afroasiatic	First half of the second millennium BC[117]	Arabs	Dilmun
Dumaitic	Afroasiatic	600s BC[118]	Lihyanites	Lihyan
Eblaite	Afroasiatic	3rd millennium BC[119]	Eblabites	Ebla
Edomite	Afroasiatic	early half of 1st millennium BC[120]	Edomites	southwest Jordan and southern Israel
Elamite	language isolate	700s BC[121]	Elamites	Elam
Eteocypriot	unclassified	300s BC[122]	Eteocypriots	Cyprus
Galatian	Indo-European	500s AD[123]	Galatians	Galatia
Garachi	Indo-European	[data missing]	Garachi	Azerbaijan	Dialect of Domari
Gutian	unclassified	[data missing]	Guti	Zagros Mountains?
Hadramautic	Afroasiatic	600s AD[124]	Hadramites	Yemen, Oman and Saudi Arabia
Hasaitic	Afroasiatic	100s AD[125]	Arabs	Al-Ahsa Oasis
Hattian	unclassified	2nd millennium BC[126]	Hattians	Anatolia
Himyaritic	Afroasiatic	by 1000s AD[127]	Himyarite tribal confederacy	Yemen
Hismaic	Afroasiatic	300s AD[128]	Arabs	Ḥismā
Hittite	Indo-European	1180s BC[129]	Hittites	Anatolia
Hurrian	Hurro-Urartian	1st millennium BC[130]	Hurrians	Mitanni
Isaurian	Indo-European	500s AD[131]	Isaurians	Isauria
Judeo-Golpaygani	Indo-European	[data missing]	Persian Jews	Golpayegan
Kalasmaic	Indo-European	1200s BC[132]	Luwic people	Anatolia
Karapapakh	Turkic	1900s[citation needed]	Karapapakhs	South Caucasus
Kaskian	unclassified	700s BC[133]	Kaskians	Northeastern Anatolia and Colchis
Kassite	Hurro-Urartian ?	300s BC[134]	Kassites	Babylon
Kilit	Indo-European	after 1950s[135]	Talysh of Kilit	Nakhchivan
Lullubian	Hurro-Urartian ?	600s BC[citation needed]	Lullubi	Lullubi Kingdom
Luwian	Indo-European	1st millennium BC[136]	Luwians	Anatolia and northern Syria
Lycaonian	unclassified	after 50 AD[137]	Lycaonians	Lycaonia
Lycian	Indo-European	200s BC[138]	Lycians	Lycia and Lycaonia
Lydian	Indo-European	200s BC[139]	Lydians	Lydia
Malatia	Indo-European	[data missing]	Armenians	Adıyaman	Dialect of Armenian
Mamluk-Kipchak	Turkic	after 1516 AD[140]	Mamluk	Syria
Mannaean	Hurro-Urartian ?	600s BC[citation needed]	Mannaeans	Mannaea
Median	Indo-European	100s AD[141]	Medes	Persia
Milyan	Indo-European	1st millennium BC[142]	Milyans	Milyas
Minaean	Afroasiatic	600s AD[143]	Minaeans	Yemen
Minoan	unclassified	1450s BC[144]	Minoans	Crete and Ugarit
Mitanni Indo-Aryan	Indo-European	after 1300s BC[145]	Indo-Aryan peoples	Mitanni
Mlaḥsô	Afroasiatic	1999[146]	Syriac Orthodox Christians	Mlahsô and Qamishli
Moabite	Afroasiatic	early half of 1st millennium BC[147]	Moabites	Moab
Mycenaean Greek	Indo-European	1200s BC[148]	Mycenaean Greeks	Mycenaean Greece
Mysian	Indo-European	0s BC[149]	Mysians	Mysia
Nabataean Arabic	Afroasiatic	0s AD[citation needed]	Nabataeans	Levant, Sinai Peninsula and northwest Arabia
Palaic	Indo-European	2nd millennium BC[150]	Palaic peoples	Pala
Palmyrene Aramaic	Afroasiatic	after 274 AD[151]	Palmyrenes	Syrian Desert, primarily in Palmyra
Philistine Canaanite	Afroasiatic	700s BC[152]	Philistines	Philistia
Philistine Indo-European	unclassified, probably Indo-European	900s BC[153]	Philistines	Philistia
Phoenician	Afroasiatic	1st millennium BC[154]	Phoenicians	Canaan and Cyprus
Phrygian	Indo-European	after 400 AD[155]	Phrygians	Central Anatolia
Pisidic	Indo-European	200s BC[156]	Pisidians	Pisidia
Qatabanian	Afroasiatic	600s AD[157]	People of Qataban	Yemen
Sabaic	Afroasiatic	600s AD[158]	Sabaeans	Yemen
Sabir	Romance-based pidgin	1800s AD[159]	Medieval traders and Crusaders	Mediterranean Basin
Safaitic	Afroasiatic	200s AD[160]	Northern Arabs	Syria
Samalian	Afroasiatic	730s BC[161]	People of Samʾal	Samʾal
Sidetic	Indo-European	200s BC[162]	People of Side	Side
South Gileadite	Afroasiatic	770s BC[163]	People of Deir Alla	Deir Alla
Subarian	Hurro-Urartian ?	1st millenium BC[citation needed]	Subarians	Subartu
Sumerian	language isolate	0s AD[164]	Sumerians	Sumer and Akkad
Sutean	Afroasiatic	1100s BC[citation needed]	Suteans	Levant and Mesopotamia
Taymanitic	Afroasiatic	500s BC[165]	Ancient North Arabian Arabs	Tayma
Thamudic	Afroasiatic	after 267 AD[166]	Thamud	Kingdom of Thamud
Trojan	unclassified	c. 1300 BC	Trojans	Troy
Ubykh	Northwest Caucasian	7 October 1992 AD[167]	Ubykh	Ubykhia
Ugaritic	Afroasiatic	1300s BC[168]	People of Ugarit	Levant
Urartian	Hurro-Urartian	1st millennium BC[169]	Urarteans	Urartu

See also

• List of languages by time of extinction
• List of extinct languages and dialects of Europe
• Languages of Asia
• List of endangered languages in Asia