Melanocortin 3 receptor

Melanocortin 3 receptor (MC₃R) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MC3R gene.^[5][6]

MC3R
Identifiers
Aliases	MC3R, BMIQ9, MC3, MC3-R, OB20, OQTL, Melanocortin 3 receptor
External IDs	OMIM: 155540; MGI: 96929; HomoloGene: 7412; GeneCards: MC3R; OMA:MC3R - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 20 (human)[1] Band 20q13.2 Start 56,248,732 bp[1] End 56,249,815 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 2 (mouse)[2] Band 2 H3|2 94.8 cM Start 172,090,412 bp[2] End 172,093,034 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in deltoid muscle Hypothalamus prefrontal cortex sensory organ mucosa of nose superior frontal gyrus olfactory zone of nasal mucosa dorsolateral prefrontal cortex wall of uterus endometrium Top expressed in embryo gastrula lumbar subsegment of spinal cord meninges arcuate nucleus skin of abdomen nucleus of stria terminalis region of wall of ventricular system of neuraxis ventricular system choroid plexus More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function G protein-coupled receptor activity signal transducer activity peptide hormone binding melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor activity protein binding melanocortin receptor activity neuropeptide binding Cellular component integral component of membrane membrane plasma membrane integral component of plasma membrane intracellular anatomical structure Biological process homoiothermy rhythmic process adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger regulation of feeding behavior circadian regulation of gene expression regulation of heart rate regulation of blood pressure phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway sodium ion homeostasis signal transduction locomotor rhythm G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 4159 17201 Ensembl ENSG00000124089 ENSMUSG00000038537 UniProt P41968 P33033 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_019888 NM_008561 RefSeq (protein) NP_063941 NP_032587 Location (UCSC) Chr 20: 56.25 – 56.25 Mb Chr 2: 172.09 – 172.09 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Function

This gene encodes MC₃R, a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) for melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) that is expressed in the brain. This gene maps to the same region as the locus for benign neonatal epilepsy. Mice deficient for this gene have increased fat mass, reduced lean mass and decreased food intake, all suggesting a role for the receptor in the regulation of energy homeostasis.^[6] MC3R mutations has been linked to reduced growth rate during childhood and a delay in the age of puberty onset.^[7]

Research

Studies performed by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), found that two specific polymorphisms in the MC3R gene may be associated with pediatric obesity and greater body mass because of greater energy intake. Children who were homozygous for C17A + G241A consumed approximately 38% more than those who did not contain aforementioned polymorphisms. The study concluded that these genetic variants did not affect energy expenditure.^[8]

Ligands

• Ac-Val-Gln-(pI)DPhe-DTic-NH2, first MC₃ selective agonist, 100x selectivity over MC₄.^[9]
• Ac-Val-Gln-DBip-DTic-NH2, 140x selectivity over MC₄.^[10]
• Pyrrolidine bis-cyclic guanidines, non-peptide small molecule MC₃ agonists, good selectivity over MC₄ but not over MC₁ or MC₅.^[11]
• SHU-9119, mixed MC₃/MC₄ antagonist.^[12]

Evolution

Paralogue

Source:^[13]

• MC5R
• MC4R
• MC1R
• MC2R
• LPAR1
• S1PR2
• GPR12
• S1PR1
• GPR6
• LPAR2
• S1PR3
• GPR3
• GPR119
• CNR1
• LPAR3
• S1PR5
• S1PR4
• CNR2

See also

• Melanocortin receptor