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允
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: 充
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Translingual
Han character
允 (Kangxi radical 10, 儿+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 戈竹山 (IHU), four-corner 23210, composition ⿱厶儿)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 123, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1338
- Dae Jaweon: page 258, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 265, character 3
- Unihan data for U+5141
Chinese
Glyph origin
Oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) – a person with the head emphasized, indicating a nod.
Bronze inscriptions onward (corrupted form): Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *lunʔ): phonetic 㠯 (OC *lɯʔ) + semantic 儿 (“person”).
Etymology
Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs *winʔ or *junʔ:
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): yn3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): yng1
- Northern Min (KCR): ě̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̄ng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): yng3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5iun
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): yn3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yǔn
- Zhuyin: ㄩㄣˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yǔn
- Wade–Giles: yün3
- Yale: yǔn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeun
- Palladius: юнь (junʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /yn²¹⁴/
- (Beijing dialect, colloquial)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: rǔn
- Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄣˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: rǔn
- Wade–Giles: jun3
- Yale: rwǔn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: roen
- Palladius: жунь (žunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʐu̯ən²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: yun3 / yong3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: wen / yng
- Sinological IPA (key): /yn⁵³/, /yoŋ⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Jyutping: wan5
- Yale: wáhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: wan5
- Guangdong Romanization: wen5
- Sinological IPA (key): /wɐn¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: vun4
- Sinological IPA (key): /vun²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: yn3
- Sinological IPA (key): /yn²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yún
- Hakka Romanization System: iunˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yun3
- Sinological IPA: /i̯un³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yún
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iunˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yun3
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯un³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: yng1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /yŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ě̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /œyŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̄ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /yŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: yng3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ṳ̂ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /yŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: yng3
- Sinological IPA (key): /yŋ³³²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ún
- Tâi-lô: ún
- Phofsit Daibuun: uon
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /un⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /un⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ín
- Tâi-lô: ín
- Phofsit Daibuun: ien
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /in⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /in⁵³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: rung2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: júng
- Sinological IPA (key): /d͡zuŋ⁵²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: yn3
- Sinological IPA (key): /yn⁴¹/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: ywinX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[l]u[r]ʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*lunʔ/
Definitions
允
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to allow; to consent; to permit
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) fair; just; equitable; even-handed; impartial
- 公允 ― gōngyǔn ― fair
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) proper; suitable; appropriate
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) honest; genuine
- a surname
Synonyms
- (to allow):
- (fair):
- (proper):
- 一定 (yīdìng)
- 停當 / 停当 (tíngdàng)
- 允當 / 允当 (yǔndàng) (literary)
- 剛好 / 刚好 (gānghǎo)
- 合宜 (héyí)
- 合手 (héshǒu)
- 合用 (héyòng) (literary or Min Nan)
- 合適 / 合适 (héshì)
- 啱 (ngaam1) (Cantonese, Hakka)
- 妥 (tuǒ)
- 妥善 (tuǒshàn)
- 妥實 / 妥实 (tuǒshí)
- 妥帖 (tuǒtiē)
- 妥當 / 妥当
- 安帖 (āntiē)
- 定當 / 定当 (dìngdàng)
- 對勁 / 对劲 (duìjìn) (colloquial)
- 對路 / 对路 (duìlù) (colloquial)
- 對頭 / 对头
- 得宜 (déyí) (literary)
- 得當 / 得当 (dédàng)
- 得體 / 得体 (détǐ)
- 恰當 / 恰当 (qiàdàng)
- 拄仔好 (Hokkien)
- 拄好 (Hokkien)
- 的當 / 的当 (dídàng)
- 相宜 (xiāngyí)
- 相當 / 相当 (xiāngdāng)
- 耐 (literary)
- 貼切 / 贴切 (tiēqiè)
- 適合 / 适合 (shìhé)
- 適宜 / 适宜 (shìyí)
- 適用 / 适用 (shìyòng)
- 適當 / 适当 (shìdàng)
- 適量 / 适量 (shìliàng)
- 配合
- (honest):
- 實在 / 实在
- 實誠 / 实诚 (shíchéng) (colloquial)
- 悃誠 / 悃诚 (kǔnchéng) (literary)
- 慥慥 (zàozào) (literary)
- 懇切 / 恳切 (kěnqiè)
- 殷切 (yīnqiè)
- 熱誠 / 热诚 (rèchéng)
- 真心 (zhēnxīn)
- 真摯 / 真挚 (zhēnzhì)
- 真誠 / 真诚 (zhēnchéng)
- 老實 / 老实 (lǎoshí)
- 虔心 (qiánxīn)
- 親切 / 亲切 (qīnqiè)
- 誠信 / 诚信 (chéngxìn)
- 誠實 / 诚实 (chéngshí)
- 誠心 / 诚心 (chéngxīn)
- 誠懇 / 诚恳 (chéngkěn)
- 誠摯 / 诚挚 (chéngzhì)
- 諄諄 / 谆谆 (zhūnzhūn) (of teaching)
- 赤忱 (chìchén) (literary)
- 赤誠 / 赤诚 (chìchéng)
Compounds
References
- “允”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
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Japanese
Kanji
允
Readings
- Go-on: いん (in)
- Kan-on: いん (in)
- Kun: ゆるす (yurusu, 允す)、じょう (jō, 允)、まこと (makoto, 允)、まことに (makoto ni, 允に)
- Nanori: なり (nari)、や (ya)、あえ (ae)、おか (oka)、こと (koto)、さね (sane)、すけ (suke)、ただ (tada)、ちか (chika)、のぶ (nobu)、まこと (makoto)、まさ (masa)、みつ (mitsu)、むつ (mutsu)、よし (yoshi)、とう (tō)、たう (tau)、たふ (tafu)、とも (tomo)、もと (moto)
Pronunciation
Proper noun
- a male given name
References
- “▲允”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
Korean
Hanja
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
允: Hán Nôm readings: doãn, duẫn
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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