Top Qs
Timeline
Chat
Perspective
余
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Remove ads
| ||||||||
Translingual
Han character
余 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人一木 (OMD), four-corner 80904, composition ⿱亼朩)
Derived characters
Related characters
- 餘 (Traditional form of 余)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 99, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 515
- Dae Jaweon: page 208, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 128, character 4
- Unihan data for U+4F59
Usage notes
- This character is not to be confused with visually similar but unrelated 佘.
- Note that 余 is also the simplified form of 餘 in mainland China and Japan. However, in traditional Chinese, 余 and 餘 are two distinct characters.
Remove ads
Chinese
Glyph origin
Pictogram (象形) – thatched cottage; house. Original form of 舍 (OC *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs, “house”). Phonetically borrowed as an instance of jiajie (假借) to represent 余 (OC *la, “I; me”).
Etymology 1
- “I; me”
- Related to 予 (OC *la, “I”), 台 (OC *lɯ, “I”) and 朕 (OC *l'ɯmʔ, “my; I”), forming the *l- series of first-person Old Chinese personal pronouns. This series is commonly used by Shang Dynasty kings to refer to themselves.
- In contrast, Old Chinese also had the *ŋ- series of first-person pronouns, represented by 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ, “I”) and 吾 (OC *ŋraː, *ŋaː, “I”), which became more widely used over time.
- Further etymology is considered obscure by Schuessler (2007), but Sagart (2007) relates these pronouns to Karbi la (“this”). Accepting Sagart's observation, a Proto-Sino-Tibetan *la (“this”) can be reconstructed.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): y1
- Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̀
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): y2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6yu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yú
- Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yú
- Wade–Giles: yü2
- Yale: yú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
- Palladius: юй (juj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /y³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jyu4
- Yale: yùh
- Cantonese Pinyin: jy4
- Guangdong Romanization: yu4
- Sinological IPA (key): /jyː²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: yi3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ji²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
- Hakka Romanization System: iˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yi2
- Sinological IPA: /i¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yi2
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: rhi
- Sinological IPA: /ʒi⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: y1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /y¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̀
- Sinological IPA (key): /y⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: y2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ṳ́
- Sinological IPA (key): /y¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: y2
- Sinological IPA (key): /y²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: û
- Tâi-lô: û
- Phofsit Daibuun: uu
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /u²³/
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Singapore): /u²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, variant in Taiwan, Singapore)
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: e5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ṳ̂
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɯ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: yo
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*la/
- (Zhengzhang): /*la/
Definitions
余
Synonyms
- (I):
Compounds
Descendants
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of 余 – see 餘 (“to remain; to have left; time after an event; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 餘). |
Notes:
|
Etymology 3
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: Yù
- Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Yù
- Wade–Giles: Yü4
- Yale: Yù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Yuh
- Palladius: Юй (Juj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /y⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
余
- a surname
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: tú
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tú
- Wade–Giles: tʻu2
- Yale: tú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twu
- Palladius: ту (tu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
余
- only used in 檮余 (Chóutú)
Etymology 5
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xú
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄩˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: syú
- Wade–Giles: hsü2
- Yale: syú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyu
- Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕy³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
余
- only used in 余吾 (Xúwú)
Etymology 6
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xié
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sié
- Wade–Giles: hsieh2
- Yale: syé
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shye
- Palladius: се (se)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
余
- only used in 褒余 (Bāoxié)
Etymology 7
| For pronunciation and definitions of 余 – see 佘. (This character is recorded in one or more historical dictionaries as a variant form of 佘). |
References
- 羅竹風 [Luo, Zhufeng], editor (1986–1994), “余”, in 漢語大詞典 [Hanyu Da Cidian] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →ISBN
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00128
Remove ads
Japanese
Kanji
余
Readings
Kanji
| 余 | |
| 餘 |
Glyph origin
Simplified from 餘 (elimination of 𩙿).
余
(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 餘)
Readings
Compounds
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 餘 (MC yo).
Pronunciation
Noun
- over, more than, a little more than, plus, upwards of
-
- 遠洋へ漁にでると、一ヶ月、マグロなら二ヶ月の余も、海の上で暮すのである。
- En'yō e ryō ni deru to, ikkagetsu, maguro nara nikagetsu no yo mo, umi no ue de kurasu no de aru.
- When they go out to the open sea to fish, they live on the sea for one month, more than two months if fishing for tuna.
- 遠洋へ漁にでると、一ヶ月、マグロなら二ヶ月の余も、海の上で暮すのである。
-
- other
- remainder
Suffix
- over, more than, a little more than, plus, upwards of
-
- その時私は鉄砲洲に住て居て、鉄砲洲から小石川まで頓て二里余もありましょう
- sono toki watashi wa Teppōzu ni sumatte ite, Teppōzu kara Koishikawa made yagate niri-yo mo arimashō
- I was living in Teppōzu then, and there is likely around two plus ri from Teppōzu to Koishikawa
- その時私は鉄砲洲に住て居て、鉄砲洲から小石川まで頓て二里余もありましょう
-
- しかし、いろ／＼合せて、もう千余枚を數へる印畫のアルバムを時折繰眺めるのは、樂く愉快である。
- Shikashi, iroiro awasete, mō sen-yomai o kazoeru inga no arubamu o tokiori kuri nagameru no wa, tanoshiku yukai de aru.
- However, it is fun and delightful to flip through and gaze at my album of prints from time to time, which now number more than one thousand altogether.
- しかし、いろ／＼合せて、もう千余枚を數へる印畫のアルバムを時折繰眺めるのは、樂く愉快である。
-
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of 余 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 余, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 3
| For pronunciation and definitions of 余 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 余, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.) |
References
- “△余”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
Remove ads
Korean
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [jʌ̹]
- Phonetic hangul: [여]
Hanja
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Remove ads
Vietnamese
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
References
Wikiwand - on
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Remove ads