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酸
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: 痠
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Translingual
Han character
酸 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一田戈金水 (MWICE), four-corner 13647, composition ⿰酉夋)
Derived characters
- 𭋟, 𦾹, 𩆑
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1283, character 15
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39871
- Dae Jaweon: page 1783, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3585, character 3
- Unihan data for U+9178
Chinese
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sloːn): semantic 酉 + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *səwr (“sour; be acid”) (STEDT, under *suːr ⪤ *swaːr). Cognate with Mizo thûr (“acid; sour”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): suan1
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): suǎn
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): syun1
- (Dongguan, Jyutping++): soen1
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhon1 / lhon1*
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): syun1
- Gan (Wiktionary): son1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): suan1
- Northern Min (KCR): só̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): sŏng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): soe1 / synn1 / suang1 / suong1
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): slun1
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1soe / 1suon
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sonn1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: suān
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: suan
- Wade–Giles: suan1
- Yale: swān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suan
- Palladius: суань (suanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /su̯än⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: suan1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: suan
- Sinological IPA (key): /suan⁵⁵/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: suǎn
- Sinological IPA (key): /suã²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: syun1
- Yale: syūn
- Cantonese Pinyin: syn1
- Guangdong Romanization: xun1
- Sinological IPA (key): /syːn⁵⁵/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: soen1
- Sinological IPA (key): /søn²¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lhon1 / lhon1*
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬᵘɔn³³/, /ɬᵘɔn³³⁻³³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: lhon1* - “vinegar”.
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: son1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɵn⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sôn
- Hakka Romanization System: sonˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: son1
- Sinological IPA: /son²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: sonˋ
- Sinological IPA: /son⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: suan1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /suæ̃¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: só̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɔŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sŏng
- Sinological IPA (key): /souŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: soe1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: se̤ⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬø⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: synn1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬỹ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: suang1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: suang
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬuaŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: suong1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
Note:
- soe1/synn1 - vernacular;
- suang1/suong1 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan, Penang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: suiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: suinn
- Phofsit Daibuun: svuy
- IPA (Zhangzhou, Yilan): /suĩ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Penang): /suĩ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- sng/suiⁿ - vernacular;
- soan - literary.
- sui1 - vernacular;
- suang1 - literary.
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: slun1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬun⁵³/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: sonn1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sõ³³/
- (Changsha)
Note:
Note:
- Middle Chinese: swan
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ˤor/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sloːn/
Definitions
酸
- sour; tart
- 酸葡萄 ― suānpútáo ― sour grapes
- (chemistry) acid [from late 19th c.]
- (Siyi Yue, Fuqing Eastern Min) vinegar
- sick at heart; grieved; sad
- alternative form of 痠 (suān, “aching; sore; stiff”)
- stingy; miserly
- narrow-minded; pedantic
- spoiled; rancid
- to satirize; to ridicule
- (Internet slang) jealous; envious [from 2019]
- See also: 吃不到的葡萄是酸的, sour grapes
- See also: 醋, 吃醋
- alt. forms: 🍋
- a surname
Synonyms
Compounds
- 一元酸 (yīyuánsuān)
- 丁酸 (dīngsuān)
- 丙酸 (bǐngsuān)
- 乙酸 (yǐsuān)
- 乳酸 (rǔsuān)
- 乳酸菌 (rǔsuānjūn)
- 二元酸
- 亞硫酸 / 亚硫酸 (yàliúsuān)
- 亞硝酸 / 亚硝酸 (yàxiāosuān)
- 亞硝酸鹽 / 亚硝酸盐 (yàxiāosuānyán)
- 作酸
- 吃醋拈酸
- 吃醋撚酸
- 含酸
- 單寧酸 / 单宁酸 (dānníngsuān)
- 嘗酸 / 尝酸
- 寒心酸鼻
- 寒酸 (hánsuān)
- 寒酸措大
- 尖酸 (jiānsuān)
- 尖酸刻薄 (jiānsuānkèbó)
- 尿酸 (niàosuān)
- 己二酸 (jǐ'èrsuān)
- 己酸 (jǐsuān)
- 弱酸 (ruòsuān)
- 強酸 / 强酸 (qiángsuān)
- 心酸 (xīnsuān)
- 悲酸 (bēisuān)
- 戊酸 (wùsuān)
- 拈酸吃醋
- 捏酸
- 捻酸
- 撚酸
- 有機酸 / 有机酸
- 果酸 (guǒsuān)
- 枸櫞酸 / 枸橼酸 (jǔyuánsuān)
- 桂皮酸
- 核糖核酸 (hétánghésuān)
- 核苷酸 (hégānsuān)
- 核酸 (hésuān)
- 棕櫚酸 / 棕榈酸 (zōnglǘsuān)
- 檸檬酸 / 柠檬酸 (níngméngsuān)
- 氫氰酸 / 氢氰酸 (qīngqíngsuān)
- 氯酸 (lǜsuān)
- 水楊酸 / 水杨酸 (shuǐyángsuān)
- 油酸 (yóusuān)
- 溴酸 (xiùsuān)
- 琥珀酸 (hǔpòsuān)
- 甜酸苦辣 (tiánsuānkǔlà)
- 甲酸 (jiǎsuān)
- 發酸 / 发酸
- 發酵乳酸 / 发酵乳酸
- 矽酸 (xīsuān)
- 矽酸鹽 / 矽酸盐 (xīsuānyán)
- 硬脂酸 (yìngzhīsuān)
- 硝酸 (xiāosuān)
- 硫酸 (liúsuān)
- 硫酸菸鹼 / 硫酸烟碱
- 硫酸鈣 / 硫酸钙 (liúsuāngài)
- 硫酸鉀 / 硫酸钾 (liúsuānjiǎ)
- 硫酸銀 / 硫酸银 (liúsuānyín)
- 硫酸鐵 / 硫酸铁 (liúsuāntiě)
- 硫酸鹽 / 硫酸盐 (liúsuānyán)
- 硼酸 (péngsuān)
- 硼酸水
- 碳酸 (tànsuān)
- 碳酸氣 / 碳酸气 (tànsuānqì)
- 碳酸氫鹽 / 碳酸氢盐 (tànsuān qīng yán)
- 碳酸鈣 / 碳酸钙 (tànsuāngài)
- 磷酸 (línsuān)
- 磷酸礦 / 磷酸矿
- 磷酸鈣 / 磷酸钙 (línsuāngài)
- 窮酸 / 穷酸 (qióngsuān)
- 窮酸餓醋 / 穷酸饿醋
- 細酸 / 细酸
- 羧酸
- 肉酸 (juk6 syun1) (Cantonese)
- 肌酸 (jīsuān)
- 胃酸 (wèisuān)
- 胺基酸 (ànjīsuān)
- 脂肪酸 (zhīfángsuān)
- 腿酸
- 臉酸 / 脸酸
- 茄酸
- 草酸 (cǎosuān)
- 菸鹼酸 / 烟碱酸
- 葉酸 / 叶酸 (yèsuān)
- 蘋果酸 / 苹果酸 (píngguǒsuān)
- 蟻酸 / 蚁酸 (yǐsuān)
- 軟脂酸 / 软脂酸 (ruǎnzhīsuān)
- 辛酸 (xīnsuān)
- 透骨酸心
- 過錳酸鉀 / 过锰酸钾 (guòměngsuānjiǎ)
- 酒石酸 (jiǔshísuān)
- 酪酸 (làosuān)
- 酮酸 (tóngsuān)
- 酸丁
- 酸不唧
- 酸不拉唧
- 酸不溜丟 / 酸不溜丢 (suānbuliūdiū)
- 酸中毒 (suānzhòngdú)
- 酸乳
- 酸凝酪 (suānnínglào)
- 酸味 (suānwèi)
- 酸味兒 / 酸味儿
- 酸嘶
- 酸奶 (suānnǎi)
- 酸子 (suānzǐ)
- 酸寒
- 酸巴溜丟 / 酸巴溜丢
- 酸式鹽 / 酸式盐 (suānshìyán)
- 酸心 (suānxīn)
- 酸性 (suānxìng)
- 酸愴 / 酸怆
- 酸懷 / 酸怀
- 酸懶 / 酸懒
- 酸敗 / 酸败 (suānbài)
- 酸文假醋
- 酸根
- 酸梅 (suānméi)
- 酸梅湯 / 酸梅汤 (suānméitāng)
- 酸棗 / 酸枣 (suānzǎo)
- 酸棗子 / 酸枣子
- 酸楚 (suānchǔ)
- 酸模 (suānmó)
- 酸溜溜 (suānliūliū)
- 酸漿 / 酸浆 (suānjiāng)
- 酸牛奶 (suānniúnǎi)
- 酸甜兒 / 酸甜儿
- 酸甜苦辣 (suāntiánkǔlà)
- 酸疼 (suānténg)
- 酸痛 (suāntòng)
- 酸礦 / 酸矿
- 酸腐 (suānfǔ)
- 酸苦
- 酸菜 (suāncài)
- 酸藤
- 酸軟 / 酸软 (suānruǎn)
- 酸辛 (suānxīn)
- 酸辣
- 酸辣湯 / 酸辣汤 (suānlàtāng)
- 酸酐 (suāngān)
- 酸酪乳
- 酸雨 (suānyǔ)
- 酸餡 / 酸馅
- 酸馬奶 / 酸马奶
- 酸鹼值 / 酸碱值
- 酸鹼度 / 酸碱度
- 酸麻
- 酸鼻
- 醋酸 (cùsuān)
- 鉻酸鉀 / 铬酸钾 (gèsuānjiǎ)
- 雙氯芬酸 / 双氯芬酸 (shuānglǜfēnsuān)
- 鞣酸 (róusuān)
- 鬧酸款 / 闹酸款
- 鹽酸 / 盐酸 (yánsuān)
- 鹽酸草 / 盐酸草
- 鼻子一酸
- 鼻酸 (bísuān)
Descendants
- →? Proto-Hmong-Mien: *suj (“sour”)
See also
| Basic tastes in Chinese · 味道 (layout · text) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
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| 甜 (tián) | 酸 (suān) | 鹹 / 咸 (xián) | 苦 | 辣 (là) | 鮮味 / 鲜味 (xiānwèi) |
References
- “酸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
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