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凡
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
凡 (Kangxi radical 16, 几+1, 3 strokes, cangjie input 竹弓戈 (HNI), four-corner 77210, composition ⿵几丶)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 134, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1739
- Dae Jaweon: page 299, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 276, character 3
- Unihan data for U+51E1
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Pictogram (象形) – a plate, a flat dish. See also 風 and 同. Unrelated to 几.
Borrowed for abstract meanings. Another character 盤 (OC *baːn) was created to refer to the original word.
As an alternative, a bucket. If the character represents a bucket, part of its original meaning could be preserved in 同 and in turn in 筒 (OC *doːŋ, *doːŋs, “bucket”).
Etymology 1
According to Schuessler (2007), Sino-Tibetan in origin; compare Mizo pum (“whole; all”), Burmese ဘုံ (bhum, “common, public, communal”). See also 法 (OC *pqab, “law”), which may be related, as well as 範 (OC *bomʔ, “pattern, model”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): faan4
- Gan (Wiktionary): fan4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): fan1
- Eastern Min (BUC): huàng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6ve
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fan2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: fán
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fán
- Wade–Giles: fan2
- Yale: fán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farn
- Palladius: фань (fanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fän³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Jyutping: faan4
- Yale: fàahn
- Cantonese Pinyin: faan4
- Guangdong Romanization: fan4
- Sinological IPA (key): /faːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: fan4
- Sinological IPA (key): /fan³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fàm
- Hakka Romanization System: famˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: fam2
- Sinological IPA: /fam¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: fan1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /fæ̃¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: huàng
- Sinological IPA (key): /huaŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâm
- Tâi-lô: hâm
- Phofsit Daibuun: haam
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ham¹³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoān
- Tâi-lô: huān
- Phofsit Daibuun: hoan
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /huan³³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: huang5 / huam5 / huang6 / huam6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâng / huâm / huăng / huăm
- Sinological IPA (key): /huaŋ⁵⁵/, /huam⁵⁵/, /huaŋ³⁵/, /huam³⁵/
Note:
- huang5/huam5 - "ordinary" (huang5 - Shantou, huam5 - Chaozhou);
- huang6/huam6 - “outline, every, altogether, surname” (huang6 - Shantou, huam6 - Chaozhou).
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: bjom
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]rom/
- (Zhengzhang): /*bom/
Definitions
凡
- in general; every, all, any; indicates that the statement applies generally, to all cases.
- 凡為人子之禮：冬溫而夏凊，昏定而晨省，在醜夷不爭。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Fán wèi rénzǐ zhī lǐ: dōng wēn ér xià qìng, hūn dìng ér chén xǐng, zài chǒuyí bù zhēng. [Pinyin]
- For all sons it is the rule: In winter, to warm [the bed for their parents], and to cool it in summer; in the evening, to adjust everything [for their repose], and to inquire [about their health] in the morning; and, when with their companions, not to quarrel.
凡为人子之礼：冬温而夏凊，昏定而晨省，在丑夷不争。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- altogether; in total (of numbers)
- 君一位，卿一位，大夫一位，上士一位，中士一位，下士一位，凡六等。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad. and simp.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
- Jūn yī wèi, qīng yī wèi, dàfū yī wèi, shàngshì yī wèi, zhōngshì yī wèi, xiàshì yī wèi, fán liù děng. [Pinyin]
- The Ruler again constituted one dignity; the Chief Minister one; the Great Officers one; the Scholars of the First Class one; those of the Middle Class one; and those of the Lowest Class one - altogether six degrees of dignity.
- ordinary; commonplace
- worldly; mortal; earthly
- (literary) outline; gist
- a surname
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “ordinary”): 偉 / 伟 (wěi) (extraordinary)
Compounds
- 一表非凡
- 下凡 (xiàfán)
- 不凡 (bùfán)
- 不同凡響 / 不同凡响 (bùtóngfánxiǎng)
- 不平凡
- 不知凡幾 / 不知凡几 (bùzhīfánjǐ)
- 丰標不凡
- 伊凡諾夫 / 伊凡诺夫
- 但凡 (dànfán)
- 入聖超凡 / 入圣超凡
- 凡事 (fánshì)
- 凡人 (fánrén)
- 凡作
- 凡例 (fánlì)
- 凡俗 (fánsú)
- 凡勢 / 凡势 (hoān-sè) (Min Nan)
- 凡品
- 凡士林 (fánshìlín)
- 凡夫 (fánfū)
- 凡夫俗子 (fánfūsúzǐ)
- 凡夫肉眼
- 凡庸 (fányōng)
- 凡心
- 凡愚
- 凡才
- 凡是 (fánshì)
- 凡材
- 凡桃俗李
- 凡民
- 凡火
- 凡爾 / 凡尔 (fán'ěr)
- 凡爾賽 / 凡尔赛 (fán'ěrsài)
- 凡爾賽宮 / 凡尔赛宫 (Fán'ěrsài Gōng)
- 凡百
- 凡目
- 凡眼
- 凡知
- 凡立司
- 凡童
- 凡胎俗骨
- 凡胎濁骨 / 凡胎浊骨
- 凡語 / 凡语
- 凡近
- 凡間 / 凡间 (fánjiān)
- 凡骨
- 單調平凡 / 单调平凡
- 器宇不凡
- 塵凡 / 尘凡
- 大凡 (dàfán)
- 平凡 (píngfán)
- 得意非凡
- 思凡
- 楚楚不凡
- 濁質凡姿 / 浊质凡姿
- 濁骨凡胎 / 浊骨凡胎
- 發凡 / 发凡
- 發凡舉例 / 发凡举例
- 眼肉胎凡
- 素門凡流 / 素门凡流
- 肉眼凡夫
- 肉眼凡胎
- 臨凡 / 临凡
- 自命不凡 (zìmìngbùfán)
- 自負不凡 / 自负不凡
- 舉例發凡 / 举例发凡
- 舉凡 / 举凡 (jǔfán)
- 舉止不凡 / 举止不凡
- 諸凡順遂 / 诸凡顺遂
- 超凡 (chāofán)
- 超凡入聖 / 超凡入圣 (chāofánrùshèng)
- 超凡出世
- 身價非凡 / 身价非凡
- 身手不凡 (shēnshǒubùfán)
- 降凡
- 非凡 (fēifán)
- 非凡氣魄 / 非凡气魄
- 革凡成聖 / 革凡成圣
- 革凡登聖 / 革凡登圣
- 骨格不凡
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: fán
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fán
- Wade–Giles: fan2
- Yale: fán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farn
- Palladius: фань (fanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fän³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
凡
Derived terms
References
- “凡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
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