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冬
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: 鼕
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Translingual
Han character
冬 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹水卜 (HEY), four-corner 27303, composition ⿱夂⺀ (GTJV) or ⿱夂冫 (K))
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 131, character 17
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1610
- Dae Jaweon: page 294, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 867, character 19
- Unihan data for U+51AC
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tuːŋ): phonetic 夂 (zhǐ, “end”) + semantic 日 (“day”) or 仌 (“ice”).
- Bronze script and Chu slip script
- Composed of the early form of 終 (“end”, as well phonetic), here represented by Shuowen ancient script
, + 日 (“day”). In bronze script, 日 (
) was inside . In Chu slip script, 日 (
) was below (
).
- Seal script, Qin clerical script and after
- Composed of (“end”, as well phonetic) + 仌 (“ice”).
Etymology 1
Possibly related to 終 (OC *tjuŋ, “to end”) (Wang, 1982, Sagart, 2023b). Sagart (ibid.) also proposes cognacy to Chepang त्युङ्हसा (tyuŋh, “at end, be weak, exhausted”), द्युमःसा (dyumʔ, “at ease after completing work”), द्युम्सा (dyum, “terminate, reach end; to be at end”), Jingpho chatum (“end, finish”), Limbu [script needed] (tum-ma, “ripe, mature”), Proto-Central Naga *a-thəm (“end, finish”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): dung1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): dung1
- Northern Min (KCR): dóng
- Eastern Min (BUC): dĕ̤ng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dang1 / dorng1
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1ton
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dong1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: dōng
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dong
- Wade–Giles: tung1
- Yale: dūng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dong
- Palladius: дун (dun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: dong1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dung
- Sinological IPA (key): /toŋ⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дун (dun, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tuŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: dung1
- Yale: dūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dung1
- Guangdong Romanization: dung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: uung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɵŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: dung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tuŋ⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tûng
- Hakka Romanization System: dungˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: dung1
- Sinological IPA: /tuŋ²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: dungˋ
- Sinological IPA: /tuŋ⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: dung1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /tuŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dóng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɔŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dĕ̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tøyŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dang1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dang
- Sinological IPA (key): /taŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dang1
- Sinological IPA (key): /taŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dorng1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: do̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɒŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dorng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
Note:
- dang1 - vernacular;
- dorng1 - literary.
- Southern Min
- tang - colloquial;
- tong - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dang1 / dong1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tang / tong
- Sinological IPA (key): /taŋ³³/, /toŋ³³/
- (Teochew)
- dang1 - colloquial;
- dong1 - literary.
Note:
Note:
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: towng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤuŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*tuːŋ/
Definitions
冬
- winter
- (Cantonese) winter solstice
- (Southern Min) year
- (～日) (telegraphy) the second day of a month
- alternative form of 咚 (dōng, “bang; thud”)
- a surname
Synonyms
See also
| Seasons in Mandarin · 四季 (sìjì, “four seasons”) (layout · text) · category | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 春 (chūn, “spring”) | 夏 (xià, “summer”) | 秋 (qiū, “fall; autumn”) | 冬 (dōng, “winter”) |
Compounds
- 丁冬 (dīngdōng)
- 三冬 (sāndōng)
- 三冬兩夏 / 三冬两夏
- 九冬
- 人工冬眠
- 仲冬
- 佳冬 (Jiādōng)
- 做冬
- 入冬 (rùdōng)
- 冒兒咕冬 / 冒儿咕冬
- 冬事
- 冬令 (dōnglìng)
- 冬令進補 / 冬令进补
- 冬候鳥 / 冬候鸟
- 冬儲 / 冬储
- 冬凌
- 冬初
- 冬夏 (dōngxià)
- 冬大過年 / 冬大过年
- 冬天 (dōngtiān)
- 冬季 (dōngjì)
- 冬季作物
- 冬季運動 / 冬季运动 (dōngjì yùndòng)
- 冬寒
- 冬寒菜
- 冬小麥 / 冬小麦 (dōngxiǎomài)
- 冬心
- 冬扇夏爐 / 冬扇夏炉
- 冬日 (dōngrì)
- 冬日可愛 / 冬日可爱
- 冬暖夏涼 / 冬暖夏凉 (dōngnuǎnxiàliáng)
- 冬月 (Dōngyuè)
- 冬水 (dōngshuǐ)
- 冬溫夏凊 / 冬温夏凊
- 冬灌
- 冬烘 (dōnghōng)
- 冬烘先生
- 冬狩
- 冬瓜 (dōngguā)
- 冬眠 (dōngmián)
- 冬筍 / 冬笋 (dōngsǔn)
- 冬節 / 冬节 (dōngjié)
- 冬粉 (dōngfěn)
- 冬至 (dōngzhì)
- 冬花 (dōnghuā)
- 冬菜 (dōngcài)
- 冬菇 (dōnggū)
- 冬藏
- 冬蟄 / 冬蛰
- 冬蟲夏草 / 冬虫夏草 (dōngchóngxiàcǎo)
- 冬衣 (dōngyī)
- 冬裝 / 冬装 (dōngzhuāng)
- 冬賑 / 冬赈
- 冬防
- 冬風 / 冬风
- 冬麥 / 冬麦 (dōngmài)
- 初冬 (chūdōng)
- 嚴冬 / 严冬 (yándōng)
- 夏鑪冬扇 / 夏𬬻冬扇
- 天門冬 / 天门冬 (tiānméndōng)
- 孟冬
- 季冬 (Jìdōng)
- 寒冬 (hándōng)
- 寒冬臘月 / 寒冬腊月 (hándōnglàyuè)
- 幫冬 / 帮冬
- 忍冬 (rěndōng)
- 拜冬
- 撲冬冬 / 扑冬冬
- 撲通通冬 / 扑通通冬
- 暖冬 (nuǎndōng)
- 款冬
- 殘冬 / 残冬 (cándōng)
- 殘冬臘月 / 残冬腊月
- 無冬無夏 / 无冬无夏
- 玄冬
- 盛冬
- 矮冬瓜 (ǎidōngguā)
- 秋收冬藏
- 窮冬 / 穷冬
- 立冬 (Lìdōng)
- 紅冬冬 / 红冬冬
- 肥冬瘦年
- 臘盡冬殘 / 腊尽冬残
- 茄冬
- 越冬作物 (yuèdōng zuòwù)
- 過冬 / 过冬 (guòdōng)
- 開冬 / 开冬
- 隆冬 (lóngdōng)
- 麥冬 / 麦冬 (màidōng)
- 麥門冬 / 麦门冬 (màiméndōng)
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of 冬 – see 鼕. (This character is the simplified form of 鼕). |
Notes:
|
References
- “冬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
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