啖

See also: 啗

啖 U+5556, 啖 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5556 ← 啕 [U+5555] CJK Unified Ideographs 啗 → [U+5557]

Translingual

Han character

啖 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 口火火 (RFF), four-corner 6908₉, composition ⿰口炎)

1. eat, feed
2. chew, bite
3. entice

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 196, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3824
• Dae Jaweon: page 417, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 646, character 1
• Unihan data for U+5556

Chinese

trad.		啖
simp. #		啖
alternative forms		啗 噉 餤／𱃿

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 啖
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (炎) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
倓	*l'oːmʔ, *l'aːm, *l'aːms
緂	*l̥ʰaːm, *l̥ʰaːmʔ, *l̥ʰjam
毯	*l̥ʰaːmʔ
菼	*l̥ʰaːmʔ
裧	*l̥ʰaːmʔ, *l̥ʰjam, *l̥ʰjams
賧	*l̥ʰaːms
睒	*l̥ʰaːms, *hljamʔ
舕	*l̥ʰaːms
談	*l'aːm
郯	*l'aːm
惔	*l'aːm, *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms
錟	*l'aːm
淡	*l'aːm, *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms, *lamʔ
痰	*l'aːm
餤	*l'aːm
啖	*l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms
腅	*l'aːms
剡	*ɦljamʔ, *lamʔ
覢	*hljamʔ
掞	*hljams
炎	*ɦlam
琰	*lamʔ
棪	*lamʔ
扊	*lamʔ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dàn (dan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): daam⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tam

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dàn
    • Wade–Giles: tan⁴
    • Yale: dàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dann
    • Palladius: дань (danʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: daam⁶
    • Yale: daahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: daam⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: dam⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taːm²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tam
    • Tâi-lô: tam
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dafm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tam³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tam⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: damX, damH

Rime
Character	啖	啖
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	談 (143)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	徒敢切	徒濫切
Baxter	damX	damH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑmX/	/dɑmH/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑmX/	/dɑmH/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑmX/	/dɑmH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/damX/	/damH/
Li Rong	/dɑmX/	/dɑmH/
Wang Li	/dɑmX/	/dɑmH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱɑmX/	/dʱɑmH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dàn	dàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	daam6	daam6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-rˤamʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*l'aːmʔ/, /*l'aːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	啖
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dàn
Middle Chinese	‹ damX ›
Old Chinese	/*m-rˁamʔ/
English	eat
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	啖	啖
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	14301	14306
Phonetic component	炎	炎
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	噉	憺
Old Chinese	/*l'aːmʔ/	/*l'aːms/

Definitions

啖

1. to eat; to dine
2. to feed (someone/something)
3. to entice with the promise of profits; to lure with money
4. (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Pinghua) Classifier for mouthfuls of things (water, rice, etc.)

   我想飲啖水。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   我想饮啖水。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   ngo⁵ soeng² jam² daam⁶ seoi². [Jyutping]

   I want to drink a mouthful of water.

5. (Cantonese) Classifier for kisses.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 口 (“(classifier for mouthfuls)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		口
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	口, 口兒
	Taiwan	口
	Singapore	口
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	口
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	口
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	口
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	口
	Wuhan	口
	Liuzhou	口
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	口
	Yangzhou	口
	Hefei	口
Cantonese	Guangzhou	啖
	Hong Kong	啖
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	啖
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	啖
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	啖
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	啖
	Macau	啖
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	啖
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	啖
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	啖
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	啖
	Foshan	啖
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	啖
	Foshan (Shunde)	啖
	Foshan (Sanshui)	啖
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	啖
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	啖
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	啖
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	啖
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	啖
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	啖
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	啖
	Taishan	啖
	Kaiping (Chikan)	啖
	Enping (Niujiang)	啖
	Heshan (Yayao)	啖
	Dongguan	啖
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	啖
	Yangjiang	啖
	Danzhou	口
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	啖
Gan	Nanchang	口
Hakka	Meixian	口
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	啖
	Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua)	啖
	Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua)	啖
	Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua)	啖
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	口
	Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua)	啖
	Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua)	啖
	Boluo (Bendihua)	啖
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	口
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	口
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	口
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	啖
	Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua)	啖
	Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua)	口
	Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua)	口
	Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua)	啖
	Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua)	啖
	Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua)	啖
	Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua)	啖
	Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua)	啖
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	口
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	口
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	口
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	口
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	口
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	口
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	口
	Hong Kong	啖
	Senai (Huiyang)	啖
	Singkawang	口
Huizhou	Jixi	口
Jin	Taiyuan	口
Northern Min	Jian'ou	喙
	Jianyang	喙
	Pucheng (Shibei)	喙
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	喙
Southern Min	Xiamen	喙
	Quanzhou	喙
	Zhangzhou	喙
	Tainan	喙
	Singapore (Hokkien)	喙
	Chaozhou	喙
	Shantou	喙
	Shantou (Chenghai)	喙
	Bangkok (Teochew)	喙
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	喙
	Wenchang	喙
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	喙
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	啖
Wu	Shanghai	口
	Shanghai (Chongming)	口
	Suzhou	口
	Danyang	口
	Wenzhou	口
	Jinhua	口
Xiang	Changsha	口
	Loudi	口
	Shuangfeng	口

Compounds

• 倒啖蔗
• 啖名
• 啖噬
• 啖指咬舌
• 啖蔗
• 啖食
• 大啖一番
• 拔葵啖棗 / 拔葵啖枣
• 飽啖一頓 / 饱啖一顿
• 餐松啖柏

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 啖

啖

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: だん (dan)
• Kan-on: たん (tan)
• Kun: くう (kuu, 啖う)、くらわす (kurawasu, 啖らわす)

Korean

Hanja

啖 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

啖: Hán Nôm readings: dạm, đạm, giảm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.