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困
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: 睏
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Translingual
Han character
困 (Kangxi radical 31, 囗+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 田木 (WD) or 難田木 (XWD), four-corner 60904, composition ⿴囗木)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 217, character 20
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4717
- Dae Jaweon: page 445, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 714, character 7
- Unihan data for U+56F0
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 囗 (“surround”) + 木 (“wood”). Probably the original form of 梱 (OC *ŋɡuːn, *kʰuːnʔ, “doorsill”) and 閫 (OC *kʰuːnʔ, “doorsill”).
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): kwan3 / wan3
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): káung
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kong4 / kuong4
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5khuen
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: kùn
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kùn
- Wade–Giles: kʻun4
- Yale: kwùn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuenn
- Palladius: кунь (kunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu̯ən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Jyutping: kwan3 / wan3
- Yale: kwan / wan
- Cantonese Pinyin: kwan3 / wan3
- Guangdong Romanization: kuen3 / wen3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷʰɐn³³/, /wɐn³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
Note: wan3 - vernacular.
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khun
- Hakka Romanization System: kun
- Hagfa Pinyim: kun4
- Sinological IPA: /kʰun⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: kunˇ
- Sinological IPA: /kʰun¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: káung
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɑuŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: kong4
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: keo̍ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɔŋ⁴²/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: kuong4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰuoŋ⁴²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: khwonH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰˤu[n]-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰuːns/
Definitions
困
- to surround; to besiege
- to be surrounded; to be trapped
- (Cantonese) to lock up; to detain
- difficult
- 47th hexagram of the I Ching
- (Teochew, Hainanese) hungry
Synonyms
Compounds
- 上下交困
- 乏困 (fákùn)
- 交困 (jiāokùn)
- 人困馬乏 / 人困马乏 (rénkùn-mǎfá)
- 偃蹇困窮 / 偃蹇困穷
- 內外交困 / 内外交困 (nèiwàijiāokùn)
- 兵疲馬困 / 兵疲马困
- 力困筋乏
- 勞困 / 劳困
- 受困 (shòukùn)
- 困乏 (kùnfá)
- 困人
- 困住 (kùnzhù)
- 困倦 (kùnjuàn)
- 困厄 (kùn'è)
- 困境 (kùnjìng)
- 困學 / 困学
- 困守
- 困局 (kùnjú)
- 困心衡慮 / 困心衡虑
- 困惑 (kùnhuò)
- 困憊 / 困惫
- 困擾 / 困扰 (kùnrǎo)
- 困歇
- 困滯 / 困滞
- 困獸 / 困兽 (kùnshòu)
- 困獸之鬥 / 困兽之斗
- 困獸猶鬥 / 困兽犹斗
- 困畏
- 困知勉行
- 困窘 (kùnjiǒng)
- 困窮 / 困穷 (kùnqióng)
- 困苦 (kùnkǔ)
- 困處 / 困处 (kùnchǔ)
- 困處泥塗 / 困处泥涂
- 困覺 / 困觉 (kùnjiào)
- 困話 / 困话
- 困蹙
- 困躓 / 困踬
- 困阨
- 困阻
- 困隘
- 困難 / 困难
- 困頓 / 困顿 (kùndùn)
- 困騰騰 / 困腾腾
- 困鬥 / 困斗
- 國困民艱 / 国困民艰
- 國窮民困 / 国穷民困
- 圍困 / 围困 (wéikùn)
- 坐困 (zuòkùn)
- 坐困愁城
- 孱困
- 形疲神困
- 急人之困
- 扶危救困
- 扶危濟困 / 扶危济困
- 救困扶危 (jiù kùn fúwēi)
- 昏困
- 春困
- 春困秋乏
- 潛蛟困鳳 / 潜蛟困凤
- 濟困扶危 / 济困扶危
- 疲困 (píkùn)
- 皮困秋
- 禽困覆車 / 禽困覆车
- 窘困 (jiǒngkùn)
- 窮困 / 穷困 (qióngkùn)
- 紓困 / 纾困 (shūkùn)
- 肚困
- 脫困 / 脱困 (tuōkùn)
- 艱困 / 艰困
- 解困 (jiěkùn)
- 貧困 / 贫困 (pínkùn)
- 軟困 / 软困
- 酒困
- 顛連困苦 / 颠连困苦
- 飢困 / 饥困
- 龍困淺灘 / 龙困浅滩
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of 困 – see 睏 (“sleepy; tired; to sleep”). (This character is the simplified and variant form of 睏). |
Notes:
|
References
- “困”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
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Japanese
Kanji
困
Readings
Korean
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ko̞n]
- Phonetic hangul: [곤]
Hanja
困 (eumhun 괴로울 곤 (goeroul gon))
Compounds
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Vietnamese
Han character
困: Hán Nôm readings: khốn, khuôn
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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