堰

堰 U+5830, 堰 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5830 ← 堯 [U+582F] CJK Unified Ideographs 報 → [U+5831]

Translingual

Han character

堰 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土尸日女 (GSAV), four-corner 4111₄, composition ⿰土匽)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 234, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5274
• Dae Jaweon: page 471, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 461, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5830

Chinese

trad.		堰
simp. #		堰
2nd round simp.		𪣈

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (妟) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
堰	*qrens, *qanʔ, *qans
躽	*qrens, *qeːnʔ
宴	*qeːnʔ, *qeːns
蝘	*qeːnʔ, *qanʔ
偃	*qanʔ
郾	*qanʔ, *qans
鶠	*qanʔ
褗	*qanʔ, *qans
匽	*qanʔ
鼴	*qanʔ
鰋	*qanʔ
揠	*qreːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qrens, *qanʔ, *qans): semantic 土 (“earth, ground”) + phonetic 匽 (OC *qanʔ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yàn (yan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jin²
• Eastern Min (BUC): iēng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): eng⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iàn
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵i

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yàn
    • Wade–Giles: yen⁴
    • Yale: yàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
    • Palladius: янь (janʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jin²
    • Yale: yín
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jin²
    • Guangdong Romanization: yin²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn³⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: iēng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ieŋ³³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: eng⁴
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: e̍ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɛŋ⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iàn
    • Tâi-lô: iàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iexn
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɛn²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛn⁴¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵i
    • MiniDict: i^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²i
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /i³⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: 'jonX, 'jonH, 'jienH

Rime
Character	堰	堰	堰
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	影 (34)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	元 (65)	元 (65)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	於幰切	於建切	於扇切
Baxter	'jonX	'jonH	'jienH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨɐnX/	/ʔɨɐnH/	/ʔiᴇnH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔiɐnX/	/ʔiɐnH/	/ʔiɛnH/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiɐnX/	/ʔiɐnH/	/ʔjænH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔɨanX/	/ʔɨanH/	/ʔianH/
Li Rong	/ʔiɐnX/	/ʔiɐnH/	/ʔiɛnH/
Wang Li	/ĭɐnX/	/ĭɐnH/	/ĭɛnH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔɨ̯ɐnX/	/ʔɨ̯ɐnH/	/ʔi̯ɛnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǎn	yàn	yàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin2	jin3	jin3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qrens/, /*qanʔ/, /*qans/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堰	堰	堰
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	14378	14388	14393
Phonetic component	妟	妟	妟
Rime group	元	元	元
Rime subdivision	2	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	躽	偃	堰
Old Chinese	/*qrens/	/*qanʔ/	/*qans/

Definitions

堰

1. weir
2. dam
3. embankment; dike; bank

Compounds

• 二堰 (Èryàn)
• 五堰 (Wǔyàn)
• 付家堰 (Fùjiāyàn)
• 化龍堰 / 化龙堰 (Huàlóngyàn)
• 十堰 (Shíyàn)
• 埭堰
• 堰坡 (Yànpō)
• 堰塞湖 (yànsèhú)
• 塘堰 (tángyàn)
• 大堰 (Dàyàn)
• 大堰壋 / 大堰垱 (Dàyàndàng)
• 大堰角 (Dàyànjiǎo)
• 孫堰 / 孙堰 (Sūnyàn)
• 新堰 (Xīnyàn)
• 河堰 (Héyàn)
• 白家堰 (Báijiāyàn)
• 肖堰
• 荷花堰 (Héhuāyàn)
• 蔣家堰 / 蒋家堰 (Jiǎngjiāyàn)
• 都江堰 (Dūjiāngyàn)
• 金堰 (Jīnyàn)
• 長堰 / 长堰 (Chángyàn)
• 高家堰 (Gāojiāyàn)
• 鴨堰橋 / 鸭堰桥 (Yāyànqiáo)

References

• “堰”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “堰”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 276.