堯

See also: 尧

堯 U+582F, 堯 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-582F ← 堮 [U+582E] CJK Unified Ideographs 堰 → [U+5830]

Translingual

Traditional	堯
Shinjitai (extended)	尭
Simplified	尧

Han character

堯 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土土土山 (GGGU), four-corner 4021₁, composition ⿱垚兀)

Derived characters

• 僥, 嘵, 墝, 嬈, 嶢, 徺, 憢, 撓, 澆, 獟, 隢, 曉, 橈, 燒, 㹓, 膮, 皢, 䁱, 磽, 穘, 襓, 繞, 蟯, 譊, 蹺, 鐃, 饒, 驍, 髐, 鱙, 䶧
• 遶, 趬, 䰫, 㚁, 顤, 䴃, 翹, 嶤, 蕘

Additional Derived Characters

• 𪞭, 𢴽, 𣩦, 𤩊, 𥪯, 𣦥, 𱹞, 𦉗, 𦒒, 𦪛, 𫤦, 𠨪, 𡗊, 𣍕, 𰗏, 𨊅, 𨎬, 𫊐, 𣠎, 𬴝, 𤴀, 𪸊, 𬇆, 𬩱
• 𠟋, 𢿣, 𢿲, 𣫁, 𡓖, 𧹅, 𧢬, 𠢩, 𡭄, 𫾤, 𰘨, 𰟞, 𰊳, 𥋈, 𧑣, 𫤣, 𡗉, 𭐆, 𩀸, 𰳤, 𠓘, 𰋇
• 𡪩, 𬁕, 𦒏, 𩯆, 𡽧, 𨷁, 𡈦, 𦇇

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 234, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5272
• Dae Jaweon: page 471, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 459, character 14
• Unihan data for U+582F

Chinese

trad.		堯
simp.		尧
alternative forms		垚 尭 𠒖 𡊪 𡋰

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 堯
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Ancient script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (垚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
撓	*hŋaːw, *rŋaːw, *rnaːwʔ
鐃	*rŋaːw
譊	*rŋaːw
橈	*rŋaːws, *ŋjew
磽	*ŋ̊ʰreːw, *ŋreːws, *ŋ̊ʰeːwʔ
墝	*ŋ̊ʰreːw
穘	*hŋreːw
顤	*hŋreːw, *ŋeːws
燒	*hŋjew, *hŋjaws
饒	*ŋjew, *ŋjaws
蟯	*ŋjew, *ʔŋew
蕘	*ŋjew
襓	*ŋjew
繞	*ŋjewʔ, *ŋjaws
遶	*ŋjewʔ
嬈	*njewʔ, *neːwʔ, *hŋeːws
趬	*ŋ̊ʰew, *ŋ̊ʰews
蹺	*ŋ̊ʰew
翹	*ɡew, *ɡews
澆	*ŋkeːw, *ŋeːws
驍	*ŋkeːw
僥	*kŋeːwʔ, *ŋeːw
堯	*ŋeːw
垚	*ŋeːw
嶢	*ŋeːw
獟	*ŋeːws
膮	*hŋeːw, *hŋeːwʔ
嘵	*hŋeːw
憢	*hŋeːw
曉	*hŋeːwʔ
皢	*hŋeːwʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋeːw): phonetic 垚 (OC *ŋeːw) + semantic 兀 (“towering and bald”). Also an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 垚 (“tall (of earth)”) + 兀 (“towering and bald”).

The oracle bone script consists of two 土 (“soil; earth”) at the top and a kneeling man stylized as 兀 at the bottom.

Etymology

Compare the second syllable of Burmese အငူ (a.ngu, “promontory, headland, cape”) (Luce, 1981).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yáo (yao²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄠˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jiu⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ngièu

  (Hailu, HRS): ngiau

• Eastern Min (BUC): ngièu
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gieo²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): giâu

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ngiao⁵ / ngiou⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yáo
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yáo
    • Wade–Giles: yao²
    • Yale: yáu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yau
    • Palladius: яо (jao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jiu⁴
    • Yale: yìuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jiu⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yiu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːu̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngièu
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngieu^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngieu²
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯eu̯¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngiau
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋiau⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ngièu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋieu⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gieo²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gá̤u
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kieu¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gieo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kieu²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giâu
    • Tâi-lô: giâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: giaau
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡiau²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiau²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiau¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɡiau²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiau²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ngiao⁵ / ngiou⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngiâu / ngiôu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiau⁵⁵/, /ŋiou⁵⁵/

Note:

• ngiao5 - Shantou;
• ngiou5 - Chaozhou.

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 堯
Mandarin	Beijing	/iau³⁵/
	Harbin	/iau²⁴/
	Tianjin	/iɑu⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/iɔ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/iɔ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/iau⁴²/
	Xi'an	/iau²⁴/
	Xining	/iɔ²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/iɔ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/iɔ⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ʐɔ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/iau²¹³/
	Chengdu	/iau³¹/
	Guiyang	/iao²¹/
	Kunming	/iɔ³¹/
	Nanjing	/iɔo²⁴/
	Hefei	/iɔ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/iau¹¹/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/iɔ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦiɔ²³/ /ȵiɔ²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦiæ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ȵiɔ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ȵa³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/niɔ⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/io⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/iau¹³/
	Xiangtan	/iaɯ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋiau¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/ŋieu²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jiu²¹/
	Nanning	/jiu²¹/
	Hong Kong	/jiu²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/giau³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/ŋieu⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/iau²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/ŋiãu⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/zau³¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: ngew

Rime
Character	堯
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	蕭 (93)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	五聊切
Baxter	ngew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋeu/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋeu/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋeu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɛw/
Li Rong	/ŋeu/
Wang Li	/ŋieu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋieu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yáo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jiu4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ˤew/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋeːw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	堯
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yáo
Middle Chinese	‹ ngew ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ]ˁew/
English	high
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堯
Reading #	1/1
No.	14689
Phonetic component	垚
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	堯
Old Chinese	/*ŋeːw/

Definitions

堯

1. (historical dictionaries only) lofty; high
2. Emperor Yao, legendary ruler of ancient China
3. a surname
4. (Mainland China) yotta- (SI unit prefix)

   Synonym: 佑 (yòu) (Taiwan)

Compounds

• 堯天舜日 / 尧天舜日
• 堯舜 / 尧舜 (Yáo-Shùn)

References

• “堯”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00786

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	尭
Print standard	堯

Kanji

堯

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 尭)

1. high
2. far

Readings

• Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)^{←げう (geu, historical)}
• Kan-on: ぎょう (gyō)^{←げう (geu, historical)}
• Kun: たかい (takai, 堯い)

Korean

Hanja

堯 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

堯: Hán Nôm readings: nghiêu, nghẻo, nghễu, nhao, nhiều

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.