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宿
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
宿 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十人一日 (JOMA), four-corner 30261, composition ⿱宀佰)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 287, character 13
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7195
- Dae Jaweon: page 568, character 21
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 938, character 10
- Unihan data for U+5BBF
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Chinese
Glyph origin
In the oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 人 (“person”) + 𰴿 (“bamboo mat”) – a person resting on a mat. Sometimes a house (宀) was added.
Later the pictogram of the bamboo mat became 㐁 or 𠀬, and eventually came to be written 百.
Contrast 寒.
Etymology
- “To stay overnight; lodge > night; mansion of the zodiac [i.e. the Sun's lodging stations]”
- Probably related to Austroasiatic: cf. Old Khmer *ruk (“to take cover or shelter”) > Khmer ជ្រុក (cruk, “shelter; refuge”), Khmer ស្រុក (srok, “settlement; village”) (Schuessler, 2007). Benedict (1972) relates it to the Tibeto-Burman terms listed in the etymology of 夜 (OC *laːɡs, “night”), however the phonetics is difficult to reconcile in the current reconstructions.
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): siu̿
- Eastern Min (BUC): sé̤ṳk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7soq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: sù
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sù
- Wade–Giles: su4
- Yale: sù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suh
- Palladius: су (su)
- Sinological IPA (key): /su⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xiǔ
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄡˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: siǒu
- Wade–Giles: hsiu3
- Yale: syǒu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheou
- Palladius: сю (sju)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Note:
- sù - literary (all senses);
- xiǔ - vernacular (classifier “night”).
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Jyutping: suk1
- Yale: sūk
- Cantonese Pinyin: suk7
- Guangdong Romanization: sug1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sʊk̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lhuuk2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬɵk̚⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siuk / suk
- Hakka Romanization System: xiugˋ / sugˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: xiug5 / sug5
- Sinological IPA: /si̯uk̚²/, /suk̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: siu̿
- Sinological IPA (key): /siu³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sé̤ṳk
- Sinological IPA (key): /søyʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- siok - literary;
- sok - vernacular.
Note:
- Middle Chinese: sjuwk
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]uk/
- (Zhengzhang): /*suɡ/
Definitions
宿
- to stay overnight; to lodge
- to reside; to live; to dwell
- lodge; lodging station; residence
- perching bird; resting bird
- to keep watch at night; to be on night duty
- night; nighttime
- Classifier for the number of nights: night
- to be content with
- to stay; to stay behind; to delay; to stop over; to be stationed
- 宿治者削。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Book of Lord Shang, circa 3rd century BCE
- Sùzhì zhě xuē. [Pinyin]
- He who procrastinates in creating order will be dismembered.
- (from) last night; the previous night; overnight
- (from) last year; spanning two years
- the past; former times
- old; longstanding
- big; great; considerable
- old and experienced; skilful; master
- renowned person; someone of high standing
- alternative form of 夙 (sù, “usually; normally”)
- predestined; preordained
- 宿命 ― sùmìng ― destiny (literally, “predestined life”)
- in advance; beforehand
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, university slang) short for 宿舍 (“dormitory”)
- alternative form of 肅 / 肃 (sù, “respectful; solemn”)
- alternative form of 肅 / 肃 (sù, “to admonish; to warn”)
- alternative form of 肅 / 肃 (sù, “to offer”)
- (～國) (historical) The name of an ancient state located in modern-day Dongping county in Shandong province.
- (～州) (historical) The name of an ancient prefecture during the Tang dynasty, located in modern-day Suzhou city in Anhui province.
- (～縣) (historical) The name of an abolished county, now the Suzhou city in Anhui province.
- short for 宿州 (Sùzhōu, “Suzhou city in Anhui province”)
- a surname
Compounds
- 一償宿願 / 一偿宿愿
- 一宿 (yīxiǔ)
- 上宿
- 中宿
- 中間宿主 / 中间宿主
- 伴宿 (bànsù)
- 住宿 (zhùsù)
- 信宿
- 值宿 (zhísù)
- 借宿 (jièsù)
- 停眠整宿
- 儤宿
- 名宿
- 同宿 (tóngsù)
- 外宿
- 夜宿曉行 / 夜宿晓行
- 存宿
- 孤眠獨宿 / 孤眠独宿
- 安宿
- 宿世
- 宿世冤家
- 宿主 (sùzhǔ)
- 宿債 / 宿债
- 宿儒 (sùrú)
- 宿名
- 宿命 (sùmìng)
- 宿命論 / 宿命论 (sùmìnglùn)
- 宿命通
- 宿善
- 宿因
- 宿夕
- 宿好
- 宿妝 / 宿妆
- 宿學 / 宿学
- 宿學舊儒 / 宿学旧儒
- 寄宿 (jìsù)
- 宿宿 (sùsù)
- 寄宿學校 / 寄宿学校 (jìsù xuéxiào)
- 寄宿生 (jìsùshēng)
- 宿將 / 宿将 (sùjiàng)
- 宿將舊卒 / 宿将旧卒
- 宿屋
- 宿弊
- 宿心 (sùxīn)
- 宿志 (sùzhì)
- 宿怨 (sùyuàn)
- 宿慧
- 宿憾
- 宿敵 / 宿敌 (sùdí)
- 宿料
- 宿昔 (sùxī)
- 宿望
- 宿根
- 宿構 / 宿构
- 宿歇
- 宿泊
- 宿營 / 宿营 (sùyíng)
- 宿生 (sùshēng)
- 宿留
- 宿疾 (sùjí)
- 宿痾 / 宿疴
- 宿瘤
- 宿素
- 宿緣 / 宿缘 (sùyuán)
- 宿老
- 宿舍 (sùshè)
- 宿草
- 宿莽
- 宿衛 / 宿卫
- 宿諾 / 宿诺
- 宿賊 / 宿贼
- 宿逋
- 宿遇
- 宿遷 / 宿迁 (Sùqiān)
- 宿酒
- 宿酲
- 宿醉 (sùzuì)
- 宿雨
- 宿霧 / 宿雾 (Sùwù)
- 宿頓 / 宿顿
- 宿頭 / 宿头
- 宿願 / 宿愿 (sùyuàn)
- 宿麥 / 宿麦
- 宿墨
- 寡宿孤辰
- 尊宿 (zūnsù)
- 弋不射宿
- 房宿錢 / 房宿钱
- 投宿 (tóusù)
- 曉行夜宿 / 晓行夜宿
- 朝餐夜宿
- 東食西宿 / 东食西宿 (dōngshíxīsù)
- 棲宿 / 栖宿
- 歇宿 (xiēsù)
- 止宿 (zhǐsù)
- 歸宿 / 归宿 (guīsù)
- 水宿風餐 / 水宿风餐
- 求宿
- 淹宿
- 溫宿 / 温宿 (Wēnsù)
- 獨宿 / 独宿
- 留宿 (liúsù)
- 直宿
- 眠花宿柳
- 眠鷗宿鷺 / 眠鸥宿鹭
- 終宿主 / 终宿主
- 經宿不歸 / 经宿不归 (jīng sù bù guī)
- 老宿
- 老師宿儒 / 老师宿儒
- 耆宿
- 胸無宿物 / 胸无宿物
- 膳宿 (shànsù)
- 舊愛宿恩 / 旧爱宿恩
- 草行露宿
- 託宿 / 托宿
- 通宿 (tōngxiǔ)
- 野宿
- 雙宿雙飛 / 双宿双飞 (shuāngsùshuāngfēi)
- 雙棲雙宿 / 双栖双宿
- 露宿 (lùsù)
- 露宿風餐 / 露宿风餐 (lùsùfēngcān)
- 風飧露宿 / 风飧露宿
- 風餐水宿 / 风餐水宿
- 風餐雨宿 / 风餐雨宿
- 風餐露宿 / 风餐露宿 (fēngcānlùsù)
- 食宿 (shísù)
- 餐風宿水 / 餐风宿水
- 餐風宿雨 / 餐风宿雨
- 餐風宿露 / 餐风宿露 (cānfēngsùlù)
- 餐風露宿 / 餐风露宿
- 齊宿 / 齐宿
- 齋宿 / 斋宿
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siu
- Eastern Min (BUC): séu
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5shieu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xiù
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄡˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: siòu
- Wade–Giles: hsiu4
- Yale: syòu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiow
- Palladius: сю (sju)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Jyutping: sau3
- Yale: sau
- Cantonese Pinyin: sau3
- Guangdong Romanization: seo3
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐu̯³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lhiu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬiu³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siu
- Hakka Romanization System: xiu
- Hagfa Pinyim: xiu4
- Sinological IPA: /si̯u⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: séu
- Sinological IPA (key): /siɛu²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: sjuwH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]uk-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*suɡs/
Definitions
宿
Compounds
Pronunciation 3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: sù
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sù
- Wade–Giles: su4
- Yale: sù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suh
- Palladius: су (su)
- Sinological IPA (key): /su⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
宿
Pronunciation 4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: Qī
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Ci
- Wade–Giles: Chʻi1
- Yale: Chī
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chi
- Palladius: Ци (Ci)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
宿
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 戚 (Qī, “name of a county in the State of Wei”)
Pronunciation 5
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sek / siak
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek
- Tâi-lô: sik
- Phofsit Daibuun: seg
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siak
- Tâi-lô: siak
- Phofsit Daibuun: siag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /siak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
Definitions
宿
- (Hokkien) mature; ripe (of fruits, vegetables, etc.)
- (Hokkien) smart and seasoned; intelligent and experienced
Synonyms
Compounds
References
- “宿”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
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