愎

愎 U+610E, 愎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-610E ← 愍 [U+610D] CJK Unified Ideographs 意 → [U+610F]

Translingual

Han character

愎 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 心人日水 (POAE), four-corner 9804₇, composition ⿰忄复)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 394, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10920
• Dae Jaweon: page 730, character 27
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2329, character 6
• Unihan data for U+610E

Chinese

trad.		愎
simp. #		愎

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (复) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
愎	*brɯɡ
鍑	*puɡs, *puɡ
覆	*pʰuɡs, *buɡs, *pʰɯːɡ, *pʰuɡ
復	*buɡs, *buɡ
椱	*buɡs, *buɡ
複	*buɡs, *puɡ
馥	*brɯɡ, *buɡ
腹	*puɡ
輹	*puɡ, *buɡ
蝮	*pʰuɡ
蕧	*pʰuɡ, *buɡ
复	*buɡ
鰒	*buɡ
澓	*buɡ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bì (bi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bik¹ / fuk¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pe̍k

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bì
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bì
    • Wade–Giles: pi⁴
    • Yale: bì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
    • Palladius: би (bi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: bik¹ / fuk¹
    • Yale: bīk / fūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bik⁷ / fuk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: big¹ / fug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɪk̚⁵/, /fʊk̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pe̍k
    • Tâi-lô: pi̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pek
    • IPA (Xiamen): /piɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /piɪk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /piɪk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /piɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /piɪk̚⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: bik

Rime
Character	愎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	符逼切
Baxter	bik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/bɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/biek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bik̚/
Li Rong	/biək̚/
Wang Li	/bĭək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bik6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*brɯɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	愎
Reading #	1/1
No.	3391
Phonetic component	复
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	愎
Old Chinese	/*brɯɡ/
Notes	見左傳

Definitions

愎

1. obstinate; stubborn; headstrong

Compounds

• 剛愎 / 刚愎 (gāngbì)
• 剛愎不仁 / 刚愎不仁
• 剛愎性成 / 刚愎性成
• 剛愎自用 / 刚愎自用 (gāngbìzìyòng)
• 愎戾
• 愎諫 / 愎谏
• 狠愎自用

References

• “愎”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

愎

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): ひょく (hyoku)、ひき (hiki)、ふく (fuku)
• Kun: もとる (motoru)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 愎 (MC bik).

Historical readings

• Recorded as Middle Korean 뼉〮 (Yale: ppyék) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
• Recorded as Middle Korean 퍅 (phyak) (Yale: phyak) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [pʰja̠k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [퍅]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

愎

愎 (eumhun 강퍅할 퍅 (gangpyakhal pyak))

1. hanja form^? of 퍅 (“obstinate; stubborn; headstrong”)

Compounds

• 강퍅 (剛愎, gangpyak)
• 괴팍 (乖愎, goepak)
• 퍅성 (愎性, pyakseong)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

愎: Hán Nôm readings: phục, phức

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation