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覆
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
覆 (Kangxi radical 146, 襾+12, 18 strokes, cangjie input 一田竹人水 (MWHOE), four-corner 10247, composition ⿱覀復)
Derived characters
- 𢺁, 𭳱, 𧕡, 𧠅, 𧄏, 𥷱, 𡳷
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1129, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34789
- Dae Jaweon: page 1598, character 17
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2808, character 9
- Unihan data for U+8986
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pʰuɡs, *buɡs, *pʰɯːɡ, *pʰuɡ): semantic 襾 + phonetic 復 (OC *buɡs, *buɡ).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): fuk1 / fau6 / puk1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fuk / phuk
- Southern Min
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fu6 / pu6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: fù
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fù
- Wade–Giles: fu4
- Yale: fù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
- Palladius: фу (fu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fuk1 / fau6 / puk1
- Yale: fūk / fauh / pūk
- Cantonese Pinyin: fuk7 / fau6 / puk7
- Guangdong Romanization: fug1 / feo6 / pug1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fʊk̚⁵/, /fɐu̯²²/, /pʰʊk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fuk / phuk
- Hakka Romanization System: fugˋ / pugˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: fug5 / pug5
- Sinological IPA: /fuk̚²/, /pʰuk̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
Note:
- phak - vernacular (“to flip; to lie on one's stomach; to press close to”);
- hok - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: hog8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ho̍k
- Sinological IPA (key): /hok̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: fu6 / pu6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɸu²⁴/, /pʰu²⁴/
- (Changsha)
- fu6 - literary;
- pu6 - vernacular.
Note:
- Middle Chinese: phjuwH, bjuwH, phjuwk, phok
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰ(r)uk-s/, /*pʰ(r)uk/
- (Zhengzhang): /*pʰuɡs/, /*buɡs/, /*pʰɯːɡ/, /*pʰuɡ/
Definitions
覆
- to cover
- to tip over; to overturn; to flip over
- 君者，舟也。庶人者，水也。水則載舟，水則覆舟。故君人者，欲安，則莫若平政愛民矣。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
- Jūn zhě, zhōu yě. Shùrén zhě, shuǐ yě. Shuǐ zé zǎi zhōu, shuǐ zé fù zhōu. Gù jūn rén zhě, yù ān, zé mò ruò píngzhèng àimín yǐ. [Pinyin]
- The ruler is the boat; the common people are the water. The water carries the boat; the water overturns the boat. Thus, should the ruler wish for stability, there is nothing better than to govern with equity and to care for the people.
君者，舟也。庶人者，水也。水则载舟，水则覆舟。故君人者，欲安，则莫若平政爱民矣。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- (obsolete) to pour out
- to return (simplifies to 复)
- to reply (simplifies to 复)
- to destroy; to overturn; to perish
- 子曰：「惡紫之奪朱也，惡鄭聲之亂雅樂也，惡利口之覆邦家者。」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐyuē: “Wù zǐ zhī duó zhū yě, wù Zhèng shēng zhī luàn yǎyuè yě, wù lìkǒu zhī fù bāngjiā zhě.” [Pinyin]
- The Master said, "I hate the manner in which purple takes away the luster of vermilion. I hate the way in which the songs of Zheng confound the music of the Ya. I hate those who with their sharp mouths overthrow kingdoms and families."
子曰：「恶紫之夺朱也，恶郑声之乱雅乐也，恶利口之覆邦家者。」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- again
- (Hokkien) to lie on one's stomach; to rest one's body on a surface
- (Mainland China Hokkien) to press close to; to nestle up against
Usage notes
覆 was always simplified to 复 in 1964-1986, but now it still simplifies to 复 only in the meaning of "to return/reply". So words like 答覆, 反覆 and 回覆 still simplify to 答复, 反复 and 回复 in Simplified Chinese respectively. But in other meanings, 覆 no longer simplifies to 复, e.g. 翻覆, 覆蓋, 顛覆, 傾覆, 覆轍.
Synonyms
- (to lie on one's stomach): 趴 (pā)
- (to press close to):
Compounds
- 上覆 (shàngfù)
- 以功覆過 / 以功覆过
- 侔德覆載 / 侔德覆载
- 傾覆 / 倾覆 (qīngfù)
- 傾覆重器 / 倾覆重器
- 全軍覆沒 / 全军覆没 (quánjūnfùmò)
- 全軍覆滅 / 全军覆灭 (quánjūnfùmò)
- 反反覆覆 / 反反复复 (fǎnfǎnfùfù)
- 反覆不一 / 反复不一
- 反覆不定 / 反复不定
- 反覆 / 反复 (fǎnfù)
- 反覆思維 / 反复思维
- 反覆無常 / 反复无常 (fǎnfùwúcháng)
- 名覆金甌 / 名覆金瓯
- 回覆 / 回复 (huífù)
- 地覆天翻 (dìfùtiānfān)
- 天翻地覆 (tiānfāndìfù)
- 天覆
- 天覆地載 / 天覆地载
- 射覆
- 布覆
- 循環反覆 / 循环反复
- 批覆 (pīfù)
- 折足覆餗 / 折足覆𫗧
- 折鼎覆餗 / 折鼎覆𫗧
- 拜覆
- 文錦覆阱 / 文锦覆阱
- 核覆
- 水可載舟，亦可覆舟 / 水可载舟，亦可覆舟 (shuǐ kě zài zhōu, yì kě fù zhōu)
- 水能載舟，亦則覆舟 / 水能载舟，亦则覆舟
- 水能載舟，亦能覆舟 / 水能载舟，亦能覆舟 (shuǐ néng zài zhōu, yì néng fù zhōu)
- 水覆難收 / 水覆难收
- 泐覆
- 洪覆
- 玄黃翻覆 / 玄黄翻覆
- 生棟覆屋 / 生栋覆屋
- 申覆
- 番來覆去 / 番来覆去
- 番天覆地
- 發覆 / 发覆
- 示覆
- 禽困覆車 / 禽困覆车
- 稟覆 / 禀覆 (bǐngfù)
- 答覆 / 答复 (dáfù)
- 翻來覆去 / 翻来覆去 (fānláifùqù)
- 翻天覆地 (fāntiānfùdì)
- 翻覆 (fānfù)
- 翻覆無常 / 翻覆无常
- 翻雲覆雨 / 翻云覆雨 (fānyúnfùyǔ)
- 蓋覆 / 盖覆
- 蒼黃翻覆 / 苍黄翻覆
- 蕩覆 / 荡覆 (dàngfù)
- 藕覆
- 被覆 (bèifù)
- 覆亡 (fùwáng)
- 覆信 (fùxìn)
- 覆冒
- 覆去翻來 / 覆去翻来
- 覆呈
- 覆命 (fùmìng)
- 覆地翻天
- 覆墓
- 覆姓 (fùxìng)
- 覆宗
- 覆宗滅祀 / 覆宗灭祀
- 覆宗絕嗣 / 覆宗绝嗣
- 覆宗絕祀 / 覆宗绝祀
- 覆審 / 覆审 (fùshěn)
- 覆巢之下無完卵 / 覆巢之下无完卵 (fùcháozhīxiàwúwánluǎn)
- 覆巢傾卵 / 覆巢倾卵
- 覆巢毀卵 / 覆巢毁卵
- 覆巢破卵
- 覆帳 / 覆帐
- 覆幬 / 覆帱
- 覆庇之恩
- 覆手 (fùshǒu)
- 覆按
- 覆敗 / 覆败
- 覆杯
- 覆校
- 覆核 (fùhé)
- 覆水難收 / 覆水难收 (fùshuǐnánshōu)
- 覆沒 / 覆没 (fùmò)
- 覆海移山
- 覆滅 / 覆灭 (fùmiè)
- 覆瓿
- 覆甕 / 覆瓮
- 覆盂
- 覆盂之固
- 覆盂之安
- 覆盆
- 覆盆之冤
- 覆盆難照 / 覆盆难照
- 覆盤 / 覆盘
- 覆盤難照 / 覆盘难照
- 覆育
- 覆舟載舟 / 覆舟载舟
- 覆蓋 / 覆盖 (fùgài)
- 覆蔽
- 覆蕉尋鹿 / 覆蕉寻鹿
- 覆被
- 覆診 / 覆诊 (fùzhěn)
- 覆試 / 覆试
- 覆議 / 覆议
- 覆車 / 覆车
- 覆車之戒 / 覆车之戒
- 覆車之軌 / 覆车之轨
- 覆車之轍 / 覆车之辙
- 覆車之鑒 / 覆车之鉴
- 覆車當戒 / 覆车当戒
- 覆車繼軌 / 覆车继轨
- 覆軍 / 覆军
- 覆軍殺將 / 覆军杀将
- 覆載 / 覆载
- 覆轍 / 覆辙 (fùzhé)
- 覆轍重蹈 / 覆辙重蹈
- 覆逆
- 覆醢
- 覆醬瓿 / 覆酱瓿
- 覆雨翻雲 / 覆雨翻云
- 覆露
- 覆餗 / 覆𫗧
- 覆餗之患 / 覆𫗧之患
- 覆餗之憂 / 覆𫗧之忧
- 覆餗之釁 / 覆𫗧之衅
- 覆鹿尋蕉 / 覆鹿寻蕉
- 覆鹿遺蕉 / 覆鹿遗蕉
- 覆鼎
- 貂覆額 / 貂覆额
- 買臣覆水 / 买臣覆水
- 載舟覆舟 / 载舟覆舟
- 重蹈覆轍 / 重蹈覆辙 (chóngdǎofùzhé)
- 鈞覆 / 钧覆
- 雖覆能復 / 虽覆能复
- 雲翻雨覆 / 云翻雨覆
- 電覆 / 电覆 (diànfù)
- 露覆
- 頗覆 / 颇覆
- 顛覆 / 颠覆 (diānfù)
References
- “覆”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
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