复

See also: 復, 複, 覆, and 夏

复 U+590D, 复 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-590D ← 夌 [U+590C] CJK Unified Ideographs 夎 → [U+590E]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

复 (Kangxi radical 35, 夊+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人日竹水 (OAHE), four-corner 8040₇, composition ⿱𭥍夂(GHJV) or ⿱𭥍夊(T))

Derived characters

• 復 腹 複

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 245, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 869, character 6
• Unihan data for U+590D

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 复
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (复) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
愎	*brɯɡ
鍑	*puɡs, *puɡ
覆	*pʰuɡs, *buɡs, *pʰɯːɡ, *pʰuɡ
復	*buɡs, *buɡ
椱	*buɡs, *buɡ
複	*buɡs, *puɡ
馥	*brɯɡ, *buɡ
腹	*puɡ
輹	*puɡ, *buɡ
蝮	*pʰuɡ
蕧	*pʰuɡ, *buɡ
复	*buɡ
鰒	*buɡ
澓	*buɡ

At the top of the character, there is a representation of a room at the centre of a corridor (see also 良); at the bottom, there is a footprint pointing down 夊. The original meaning is "going back", with a reference to meet people perhaps in a guest room. Original version of 復. Unrelated to 夏.

The top component of the character is unrelated to 每, 伤, 旅, 乞 as well as 人.

Etymology 1

trad.		复
simp. #		复

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fù (fu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fuk⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fù
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fù
    • Wade–Giles: fu⁴
    • Yale: fù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
    • Palladius: фу (fu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fuk⁶
    • Yale: fuhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fuk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: fug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊk̚²/

---

• Middle Chinese: bjuwk

Rime
Character	复
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	房六切
Baxter	bjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/biuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/biuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buwk̚/
Li Rong	/biuk̚/
Wang Li	/bĭuk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fuk6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-p(r)uk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*buɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	复
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fù
Middle Chinese	‹ bjuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*m-p(r)uk/
English	return
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	复
Reading #	1/1
No.	3554
Phonetic component	复
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	伏
Old Chinese	/*buɡ/

Definitions

复

1. to go back

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 复 – see 復 (“to return; to recover; to resume; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 復).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 复 – see 複 (“lined garment; to repeat; to double; to overlap; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 複).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 4

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 复 – see 覆 (“to cover; to tip over; to overturn; to flip over; etc.”). (This character is the former (1964–1986) first-round simplified form of 覆).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Usage notes

覆 was officially simplified to 复 in 1964–1986, but now it only simplifies to 复 in the meaning of "to return; to reply", e.g. 答覆／答复 (dáfù), 反覆／反复 (fǎnfù), and 回覆／回复 (huífù). In other meanings, 覆 no longer simplifies to 复, e.g. 翻覆 (fānfù), 覆蓋／覆盖 (fùgài), 顛覆／颠覆 (diānfù), 傾覆／倾覆 (qīngfù), and 覆轍／覆辙 (fùzhé).

Korean

Etymology 1

Hanja

复 (eumhun 회복할 복 (hoebokhal bok))

Etymology 2

Hanja

复 (eumhun 다시 부 (dasi bu))

same as 復

1. return
2. repeat
3. repeatedly

Vietnamese

Han character

复: Hán Nôm readings: phúc, phục, phức

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.