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慘
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: 惨
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Translingual
Han character
慘 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心戈戈竹 (PIIH), four-corner 93022, composition ⿰忄參)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 398, character 38
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11094
- Dae Jaweon: page 738, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2348, character 11
- Unihan data for U+6158
Chinese
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰluːmʔ): semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 參 (OC *sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhám
- Northern Min (KCR): chǎng
- Eastern Min (BUC): chāng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cang3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5tshoe
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: cǎn
- Zhuyin: ㄘㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cǎn
- Wade–Giles: tsʻan3
- Yale: tsǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaan
- Palladius: цань (canʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰän²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: caam2
- Yale: cháam
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam2
- Guangdong Romanization: cam2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaːm³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: tam2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰam⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhám
- Hakka Romanization System: camˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cam3
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰam³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chǎng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chāng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cang3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: châng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cang3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaŋ³³²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: tshomX
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*sʰluːmʔ/
Definitions
慘
- (literary, or in compounds) cruel; vicious; malicious
- (of losses, defeats, etc.) severe; crushing; heavy
- miserable; pitiful; wretched
- (literary, or in compounds) gloomy; dim; dismal
Synonyms
- (cruel):
- 兇惡 / 凶恶 (xiōng'è)
- 兇殘 / 凶残 (xiōngcán)
- 兇狠 / 凶狠 (xiōnghěn)
- 兇猛 / 凶猛 (xiōngměng)
- 兇險 / 凶险 (xiōngxiǎn)
- 凶暴 (xiōngbào)
- 厲害 / 厉害 (lìhài)
- 嚴酷 / 严酷 (yánkù)
- 強暴 / 强暴 (qiángbào)
- 忍 (rěn) (literary)
- 惡勢 / 恶势 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 惡毒 / 恶毒 (èdú)
- 惡狠狠 / 恶狠狠 (èhěnhěn)
- 暴力 (bàolì)
- 暴戾 (bàolì) (literary)
- 暴虐 (bàonüè)
- 暴躁 (bàozào)
- 橫逆 / 横逆 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
- 殘 / 残 (cán) (literary, or in compounds)
- 殘忍 / 残忍 (cánrěn)
- 殘暴 / 残暴 (cánbào)
- 殘酷 / 残酷 (cánkù)
- 毒辣 (dúlà)
- 烏心 / 乌心 (Min Nan)
- 狠心 (hěnxīn)
- 狠毒 (hěndú)
- 狠狠 (hěnhěn)
- 猙獰 / 狰狞 (zhēngníng)
- 粗殘 / 粗残 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 辣 (là)
- 酷烈 (kùliè)
- 野蠻 / 野蛮 (yěmán)
- 陰功 / 阴功 (jam1 gung1) (Cantonese)
- 險惡 / 险恶 (xiǎn'è)
- 黑心 (hēixīn)
- (severe):
- (miserable):
- 京京 (jīngjīng) (literary)
- 傷心 / 伤心 (shāngxīn)
- 傷悲 / 伤悲 (shāngbēi) (literary)
- 傷感 / 伤感 (shānggǎn)
- 傷懷 / 伤怀 (shānghuái) (literary)
- 傷痛 / 伤痛 (shāngtòng)
- 傷神 / 伤神 (shāngshén) (literary)
- 刺心 (cìxīn)
- 哀傷 / 哀伤 (āishāng)
- 哀切 (āiqiè)
- 哀怨 (āiyuàn)
- 哀悽 / 哀凄 (āiqī)
- 哀慟 / 哀恸 (āitòng)
- 哀戚 (āiqī) (literary)
- 哀痛 (āitòng)
- 哀苦 (āikǔ)
- 心酸 (xīnsuān)
- 怛傷 / 怛伤 (dáshāng) (literary)
- 悄然 (qiǎorán) (literary)
- 情傷 / 情伤 (qíngshāng) (literary)
- 悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
- 悲傷 / 悲伤 (bēishāng)
- 悲切 (bēiqiè) (literary)
- 悲哀 (bēi'āi)
- 悲悽 / 悲凄 (bēiqī)
- 悱惻 / 悱恻 (fěicè) (literary)
- 悽惶 / 凄惶 (qīhuáng) (literary)
- 悽愴 / 凄怆 (qīchuàng) (literary)
- 悲愴 / 悲怆 (bēichuàng) (literary)
- 悲慘 / 悲惨 (bēicǎn)
- 悲慟 / 悲恸 (bēitòng)
- 悲戚 (bēiqī)
- 悽戚 / 凄戚 (qīqī) (literary)
- 悲摧 (bēicuī) (literary)
- 悲楚 (bēichǔ) (literary)
- 悲涼 / 悲凉 (bēiliáng)
- 悲痛 (bēitòng)
- 悲苦 (bēikǔ)
- 感傷 / 感伤 (gǎnshāng)
- 愀愴 / 愀怆 (qiǎochuàng)
- 愁楚 (chóuchǔ) (literary)
- 惻然 / 恻然 (cèrán) (literary)
- 愴然 / 怆然 (chuàngrán) (literary)
- 憂傷 / 忧伤 (yōushāng)
- 慘悽 / 惨凄 (cǎnqī)
- 憂愁 / 忧愁 (yōuchóu)
- 憂戚 / 忧戚 (yōuqī) (literary)
- 慘淡 / 惨淡 (cǎndàn)
- 憯懍 / 憯懔 (cǎnlǐn)
- 懤懤 / 㤽㤽 (chóuchóu)
- 沉痛 (chéntòng)
- 淒切 / 凄切 (qīqiè)
- 淒惻 / 凄恻 (qīcè) (literary)
- 淒慘 / 凄惨 (qīcǎn)
- 淒楚 / 凄楚 (qīchǔ)
- 淒涼 / 凄凉 (qīliáng)
- 淒然 / 凄然 (qīrán) (literary)
- 痛心 (tòngxīn)
- 艱苦心 / 艰苦心 (Hokkien)
- 蒼涼 / 苍凉 (cāngliáng)
- 酸心 (suānxīn)
- 難受 / 难受 (nánshòu)
- 難過 / 难过 (nánguò)
- 青凊 (Hokkien)
- 黯然 (ànrán)
- (gloomy):
Compounds
- 五三慘案 / 五三惨案 (Wǔ-Sān Cǎn'àn)
- 五卅慘案 / 五卅惨案 (Wǔ-Sà Cǎn'àn)
- 傷心慘目 / 伤心惨目
- 六四慘案 / 六四惨案 (Liù-Sì Cǎn'àn)
- 共慘黨 / 共惨党 (gòngcǎndǎng)
- 前景慘淡 / 前景惨淡
- 天倫之慘 / 天伦之惨
- 天愁地慘 / 天愁地惨
- 天昏地慘 / 天昏地惨
- 寒慘慘 / 寒惨惨
- 恓慘 / 恓惨
- 悽悽慘慘 / 凄凄惨惨
- 悲慘 / 悲惨 (bēicǎn)
- 悽慘 / 凄惨 (qīcǎn)
- 愁紅慘綠 / 愁红惨绿
- 愁雲慘霧 / 愁云惨雾
- 慘不人道 / 惨不人道
- 慘不忍睹 / 惨不忍睹 (cǎnbùrěndǔ)
- 慘不忍聞 / 惨不忍闻
- 慘事 / 惨事 (cǎnshì)
- 慘兮兮 / 惨兮兮 (cǎnxīxī)
- 慘切 / 惨切
- 慘劇 / 惨剧 (cǎnjù)
- 慘厲 / 惨厉 (cǎnlì)
- 慘叫 / 惨叫 (cǎnjiào)
- 慘境 / 惨境 (cǎnjìng)
- 慘急 / 惨急
- 慘怛 / 惨怛 (cǎndá)
- 慘悽 / 惨凄 (cǎnqī)
- 慘惻 / 惨恻
- 慘慄 / 惨栗
- 慘愴 / 惨怆
- 慘慘 / 惨惨
- 慘慼 / 惨戚
- 慘慘戚戚 / 惨惨戚戚
- 慘戚 / 惨戚
- 慘敗 / 惨败 (cǎnbài)
- 慘景 / 惨景 (cǎnjǐng)
- 慘案 / 惨案 (cǎn'àn)
- 慘死 / 惨死 (cǎnsǐ)
- 慘毒 / 惨毒 (cǎndú)
- 慘淡 / 惨淡 (cǎndàn)
- 慘澹 / 惨澹 (cǎndàn)
- 慘澹經營 / 惨澹经营
- 慘烈 / 惨烈 (cǎnliè)
- 慘然 / 惨然 (cǎnrán)
- 慘然不樂 / 惨然不乐
- 慘無人道 / 惨无人道 (cǎnwúréndào)
- 慘狀 / 惨状 (cǎnzhuàng)
- 慘痛 / 惨痛 (cǎntòng)
- 慘白 / 惨白 (cǎnbái)
- 慘相 / 惨相
- 慘礉 / 惨礉
- 慘禍 / 惨祸 (cǎnhuò)
- 慘笑 / 惨笑 (cǎnxiào)
- 慘絕人寰 / 惨绝人寰 (cǎnjuérénhuán)
- 慘綠 / 惨绿
- 慘綠少年 / 惨绿少年
- 慘綠愁紅 / 惨绿愁红
- 慘腹 / 惨腹
- 慘變 / 惨变 (cǎnbiàn)
- 慘象 / 惨象 (cǎnxiàng)
- 慘遭 / 惨遭 (cǎnzāo)
- 慘酷 / 惨酷 (cǎnkù)
- 慘重 / 惨重 (cǎnzhòng)
- 打慘 / 打惨
- 昏慘慘 / 昏惨惨
- 梏慘 / 梏惨
- 沙基慘案 / 沙基惨案 (Shājī Cǎn'àn)
- 淒慘 / 凄惨 (qīcǎn)
- 淒淒慘慘 / 凄凄惨惨
- 濟南慘案 / 济南惨案 (Jǐnán Cǎn'àn)
- 疾痛慘怛 / 疾痛惨怛
- 紅愁綠慘 / 红愁绿惨
- 累慘 / 累惨
- 綠慘紅愁 / 绿惨红愁
- 綠慘雙蛾 / 绿惨双蛾
- 黯慘 / 黯惨
References
- “慘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “惨”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 22.
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Japanese
| 惨 | |
| 慘 |
Kanji
慘
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 惨)
Readings
Korean
Hanja
慘 • (cham, chim) (hangeul 참, 침, revised cham, chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, ch'im, Yale cham, chim)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
慘: Hán Nôm readings: thảm, thom, thỏm
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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