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朋
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
朋 (Kangxi radical 74, 月+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月月 (BB), four-corner 77220, composition ⿰月月)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 504, character 29
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14340
- Dae Jaweon: page 883, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2050, character 6
- Unihan data for U+670B
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Pictogram (象形).
The oracle bone script form consisted of two strings of five cowries. Some forms of the oracle bone script contained an additional 人 which later evolved into 勹 (OC *pruː), which served as a phonetic component. The glyph was eventually corrupted to a duplication of 月 (“moon”).
Shuowen erroneously suggests 朋 (OC *bɯːŋ) was the ancient form of 鳳 (OC *bums).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pong2
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): péng
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): pén
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): pang4
- (Dongguan, Jyutping++): peng4
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): pang3
- Gan (Wiktionary): pung2
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): peng1
- Northern Min (KCR): bǎing
- Eastern Min (BUC): bèng
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): bang4
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Xiang
- (Changsha, Wiktionary): bong2
- (Hengyang, Wiktionary): beng2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: péng
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: péng
- Wade–Giles: pʻêng2
- Yale: péng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: perng
- Palladius: пэн (pɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰɤŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: pong2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pung
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰoŋ²¹/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: péng
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰəŋ²⁴/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: pén
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): pen2
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰə̃²⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: pang4
- Yale: pàhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: pang4
- Guangdong Romanization: peng4
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰɐŋ²¹/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: peng4
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰɛŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: pang3
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰaŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: pung2
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰuŋ²⁴/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phèn
- Hakka Romanization System: penˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: pen2
- Sinological IPA: /pʰen¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: pen
- Sinological IPA: /pʰen⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: peng1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /pʰəŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bǎing
- Sinological IPA (key): /paiŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: bèng
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɛiŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pâng
- Tâi-lô: pâng
- Phofsit Daibuun: paang
- IPA (Quanzhou): /paŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pn̂g
- Tâi-lô: pn̂g
- Phofsit Daibuun: pngg
- IPA (Quanzhou): /pŋ̍²⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: pêng5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phêng
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰeŋ⁵⁵/
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: bang4
- Sinological IPA (key): /pəŋ²¹/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: bong2
- Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /pʊŋ¹³/
- Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /pən¹³/
- (Hengyang)
- Wiktionary: beng2
- Sinological IPA (key): /b̥ɤŋ¹¹/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: bong
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤəŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*bɯːŋ/
Definitions
朋
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) unit of shell money; various theories exist about the exact amount
- 既見君子、錫我百朋。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Jì jiàn jūnzǐ, xī wǒ bǎi péng. [Pinyin]
- We see our noble lord,
And he gives us a hundred sets of cowries.
既见君子、锡我百朋。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- friend
- 有朋自遠方來，不亦樂乎？ [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Yǒu péng zì yuǎnfāng lái, bù yì yuè hū? [Pinyin]
- Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?
有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？ [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- (literary) to gang up; to band together
- (literary) to be similar; to equal
- a surname
Synonyms
Compounds
- 三朋四友
- 乞拉朋吉
- 交朋結義 / 交朋结义
- 吉朋
- 呼朋引伴
- 呼朋引類 / 呼朋引类
- 夠朋友 / 够朋友
- 好朋友
- 引類呼朋 / 引类呼朋
- 挾朋樹黨 / 挟朋树党
- 朋交
- 朋僚 (péngliáo)
- 朋儔 / 朋俦
- 朋儕 / 朋侪
- 朋分花用
- 朋友
- 朋友有舊 / 朋友有旧
- 朋奸
- 朋從 / 朋从
- 朋比 (péngbǐ)
- 朋比作仇
- 朋比作奸
- 朋比為奸 (péngbǐwéijiān)
- 朋淫
- 朋謀 / 朋谋
- 朋酒
- 朋頭 / 朋头
- 朋馳 / 朋驰
- 朋黨 / 朋党 (péngdǎng)
- 朋黨之爭 / 朋党之争
- 朋黨比周 / 朋党比周
- 朋黨論 / 朋党论
- 無朋 / 无朋
- 燕朋
- 狂朋怪友
- 狐朋狗友 (húpénggǒuyǒu)
- 狐朋狗黨 / 狐朋狗党
- 男朋友
- 碩大無朋 / 硕大无朋 (shuòdàwúpéng)
- 老朋友
- 耐久朋
- 良朋 (liángpéng)
- 良朋益友
- 親朋 / 亲朋 (qīnpéng)
- 親朋好友 / 亲朋好友 (qīnpénghǎoyǒu)
- 詩朋酒侶 / 诗朋酒侣
- 詩朋酒友 / 诗朋酒友
- 詩酒朋儕 / 诗酒朋侪
- 豬朋狗友 / 猪朋狗友 (zhūpénggǒuyǒu)
- 賓朋 / 宾朋 (bīnpéng)
- 賓朋滿座 / 宾朋满座
- 酒肉朋友
- 面朋
- 韓朋 / 韩朋
- 韓朋賦 / 韩朋赋
- 韓朋鳥 / 韩朋鸟
- 高朋 (gāopéng)
- 高朋故戚
- 高朋滿座 / 高朋满座 (gāopéngmǎnzuò)
References
- “朋”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
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