柑 - Wikiwand

More information simp. and trad., alternative forms ...

simp. and trad.	柑
alternative forms	甘

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (甘) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

More information Old Chinese ...

	Old Chinese
紺	*kɯːms
姏	*mɡaːm
嵌	sɡaːmʔ, kʰraːm
甘	*kaːm
柑	*kaːm
苷	*kaːm
泔	*kaːm
坩	kaːm, kʰaːm
蚶	ɢaːm, ɢaːm
酣	*ɢaːm
甝	*ɢaːm
魽	*ɢaːm
邯	ɡaːm, ɡaːm
鉗	*ɡram
箝	*ɡram
黚	ɡram, ɡrɯm
拑	*ɡram

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kaːm): semantic 木 (“wood; tree”) + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm). Similar but unrelated to 某.

Etymology 1

Either the same etymon as 甘 (OC *kaːm, “sweet”) (Wang, 1982), or, in light of the citrus fruit's southern origin, possibly connected with Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Austroasiatic *ŋaːm (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gān (gan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gam¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kâm

(Hailu, HRS): gam^ˋ
Eastern Min (BUC): găng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gang¹ / gor¹ / gornn¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kam / kaⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): gan¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gān
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gan
  - Wade–Giles: kan¹
  - Yale: gān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gan
  - Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
  - Jyutping: gam¹
  - Yale: gām
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gam¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gem¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐm⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâm
  - Hakka Romanization System: gam^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gam¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kam²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: gam^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /kam⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: găng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gang¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gang¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gor¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: go̤ⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɒ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gornn¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɒ̃⁵⁴⁴/

Note:

gang1 - literary;
gor1/gornn1 - vernacular.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kam
  - Tâi-lô: kam
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kafm
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kam³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /kam⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kann
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvaf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kã³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kã⁴⁴/

Note:

kam - literary;
kaⁿ - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gan¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kaⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kã³³/

Middle Chinese: kam

More information Rime, Character ...

Rime
Character	柑
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古三切
Baxter	kam
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑm/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑm/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kam/
Li Rong	/kɑm/
Wang Li	/kɑm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɑm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gam¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kaːm/

More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	柑
Reading #	1/1
No.	3653
Phonetic component	甘
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	甘
Old Chinese	/*kaːm/
Notes	甘轉註分化

Definitions

柑

mandarin orange
tangerine
(dialectal Hakka, Mingxi Min, Waxiang) pomelo

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 柚子 (“pomelo”) [map]

More information Variety, Location ...

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese	柚₁
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)	柚子, 柚₁
Taxonomic name	柚₁
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	柚子
Taiwan	柚子
Harbin	柚子
Shenyang	柚子
Singapore	柚子
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	柚子
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	柚子
Xuzhou	柚子
Lanyin Mandarin	Lanzhou	柚子
Ürümqi	柚子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	柚子, 氣柑
Chongqing	柚子, 橙子
Wuhan	柚子
Guiyang	橙子, 柚子
Kunming	柚子
Guilin	柚子
Liuzhou	柚子
Nanning (Wuming)	㯷碌
Dagudi (Maliba)	มะโอ
Reshuitang (Longling)	มะโอ, ส้มโอ
Mae Salong (Lancang)	มะโอ
Mae Sai (Tengchong)	柚子
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	柚子, 文旦
Yangzhou	柚子, 文旦
Hefei	柚子
Mandarin	Nanping (Yanping)	枹枹
Wuping (Zhongshan Junjiahua)	橙枹
Cantonese	Guangzhou	碌柚, 沙田柚
Hong Kong	碌柚, 囉柚 dated, humorous
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	碌柚
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	禾碌, 碌
Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	碌仔
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	碌仔
Macau	碌柚, 補碌
Guangzhou (Panyu)	碌柚
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	碌仔
Guangzhou (Conghua)	果碌
Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	碌
Foshan	碌柚
Foshan (Shunde)	碌柚
Foshan (Sanshui)	碌柚
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	孤碌
Zhongshan (Shiqi)	布碌
Zhongshan (Huancheng)	布碌
Zhongshan (Nanlang)	布碌
Zhongshan (Xiaolan)	碌柚
Zhongshan (Dongsheng, Xiaolan)	碌柚
Zhongshan (Tanbei, Xiaolan)	碌柚
Zhongshan (Henglan)	碌柚
Zhongshan (Dongfeng)	碌柚
Zhongshan (Nantou)	碌柚
Zhongshan (Fusha)	碌柚
Zhongshan (Shalang)	碌柚
Zhongshan (Gangkou)	碌柚
Zhongshan (Huangpu)	碌柚
Zhongshan (Sanjiao)	碌
Zhongshan (Langwang, Minzhong)	碌柚
Zhongshan (Minzhong)	碌柚
Zhongshan (Guzhen)	補碌
Zhongshan (Banfu)	碌柚
Zhongshan (Tanzhou)	碌柚
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	布碌
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	波碌
Zhuhai (Doumen)	補碌
Jiangmen (Baisha)	補碌
Jiangmen (Xinhui)	補碌
Taishan	補碌
Kaiping (Chikan)	補碌, 碌柚
Enping (Niujiang)	補碌
Heshan (Yayao)	碌柚
Dongguan	禾碌
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	禾碌
Qingyuan	柚果
Yingde (Hanguang)	沙田柚
Yangshan	畢碌, 柚₁
Lianshan (Butian)	沙田柚
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)	板碌
Shaoguan	碌柚
Shaoguan (Qujiang)	碌柚
Renhua	碌柚
Lechang	柚公
Sihui	不碌
Guangning	不碌
Huaiji	果柚
Fengkai (Nanfeng)	大柑
Yunfu	奔碌
Xinxing	柚₁
Luoding	蜜柚
Yunan (Pingtai)	告柚
Yangjiang	㯷子
Nanning	㯷碌
Nanning (Tanka)	㯷碌
Wuzhou	㯷碌, 沙田柚
Yulin	柚子, 碌㯷子, 沙田柚
Rongxian	碌㯷子
Hepu (Lianzhou)	𢱕㯷, 沙甜㯷
Guiping	波碌
Guiping (Mule)	波碌
Pingnan	波碌
Guigang (Gangcheng)	柚仔₂
Guigang (Pingdong)	碌㯷仔
Beihai	𢱕㯷
Beihai (Nankang)	𢱕㯷
Beihai (Yingpan)	𢱕㯷
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	𢱕㯷, 㯷子
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	㯷碌, 㯷子
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	𢱕㯷, 㯷子
Danzhou	厚皮柑
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	碌柚, 波碌
Ipoh (Guangfu)	碌柚
Sarikei (Xinhui)	補碌
Singapore (Guangfu)	碌柚
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	禾碌, 碌柚
Móng Cái	㯷碌
Bangkok (Guangfu)	碌柚
Betong (Rongxian)	碌柚
Gan	Nanchang	柚子
Pengze	柚子
Lichuan	橙仔
Pingxiang	橙子
Jianning	稠橙
Taining	枹兒
Hakka	Meixian	柚仔₂
Xingning	柚哩
Dabu (Xihe)	柚仔₂
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	碌, 碌柚
Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua)	碌
Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua)	碌哩
Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua)	碌仔
Dongguan (Qingxi)	碌
Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua)	沙田碌
Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua)	碌哎
Boluo (Bendihua)	碌柚
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	碌仔
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	布碌
Wuhua (Shuizhai)	柚哩
Wuhua (Huacheng)	柚哩
Wuhua (Changbu)	柚哩
Wuhua (Mianyang)	柚哩
Heyuan (Bendihua)	碌咧, 碌
Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua)	碌
Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua)	柚哎, 尾
Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua)	柑哎
Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua)	柑
Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua)	柚₁
Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua)	柚₁
Wengyuan	大柑
Nanxiong (Zhuji)	柑咧
Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua)	沙田柚, 柑
Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua)	甜柑
Liannan	畢碌
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	畢碌
Jiexi	柚₁
Luhe	柚仔₂
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	大柑
Nanjing (Meilin)	蜜卵
Nanjing (Tianluokeng, Shuyang)	柚₁, 大柑
Changting	柚哩
Shanghang	橙哩
Shanghang (Gutian)	擺子柑
Longyan (Yongding)	柚子, 橙子
Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding)	柚子
Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding)	枹
Longyan (Wan'an)	枹根
Wuping	橙柑
Wuping (Zhongshan)	柚子
Wuping (Yanqian)	橙柑
Liancheng	酒餅柑, 柑
Liancheng (Peitian)	柚₁
Liancheng (Zhongbao)	柚₁
Liancheng (Laiyuan)	柚₁
Ninghua	柚₁
Yudu	大柑子, 大柑, 柑子
Ningdu	橙子
Ruijin	柚子
Shicheng	橙, 橙子
Shangyou (Shexi)	橙, 柚仔₂
Tonggu (Sandu)	柚₁
Ganzhou (Panlong)	橙子
Dayu	冬柑
Miaoli (N. Sixian)	柚仔₂
Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian)	柚仔₂
Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian)	柚仔₂
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	柚仔₂
Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	柚仔₂
Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	柚仔₂
Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	柚仔₂
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	柚仔₂
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	柚₁
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	柚仔₂, 柚₁
Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping)	柚₁
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	柚子, 柚₁
Hong Kong	碌仔
Mengshan (Xihe)	碌袍
Fumian (Xisha, Xinqiao)	碌㯷果, 沙田柚
Luchuan	碌㯷
Luchuan (Daqiao)	沙田柚
Luchuan (Sihe, Hengshan)	碌㯷, 柚子
Bobai (Cuntou, Xintian)	柚₁
Beiliu (Mumian, Xilang)	碌㯷
Xingye (Gaofeng)	沙田柚
Rongxian (Xiandi)	碌㯷果
Chengdu (Hexingchang)	柚子
Weiyuan (Guanyingtan)	柚子
Yilong (Ma'an)	柚子
Xichang (Huanglianguan)	柚子
Sabah (Longchuan)	碌仔, 波碌
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu)	柚仔₂
Senai (Huiyang)	碌
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	柚₁
Singkawang	柚₁
Bangkok (Meixian)	柚仔₂
Bangkok (Fengshun)	柚₁
Bangkok (Jiexi)	柚₁
Huizhou	Fuliang	枹, 柚兒
Jin	Taiyuan	柚子
Xinzhou	柚子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	橘泡, 橘, 大橘, 棓
Songxi	大橘
Jianyang	大橘
Wuyishan	香丸
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	枹
Fuzhou (Changle)	枹
Fuqing	枹, 文旦
Yongtai	枹
Gutian	枹
Fu'an	老枹
Ningde	𩈈
Shouning	老枹
Zhouning	老枹, 𩈈
Fuding	老枹
Youxi	枹
Matsu	枹
Southern Min	Xiamen	柚₁, 柚仔₁
Quanzhou	枹, 柚₁
Jinjiang	枹
Yongchun	枹
Zhangzhou	柚₁, 柚仔₁, 柚仔₃
Zhangzhou (Changtai)	柚仔₃
Zhao'an	柚仔₁
Dongshan	柚₁
Taipei	柚仔₁
New Taipei (Tamsui)	柚仔₁
New Taipei (Sanxia)	柚仔₁
New Taipei (Pingxi)	柚仔₁
Kaohsiung	柚仔₁
Kaohsiung (Cijin)	柚仔₁
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)	柚仔₁
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	柚仔₁
Kaohsiung (Tianliao)	柚仔₁
Yilan	柚仔₁
Yilan (Toucheng)	柚仔₁
Changhua (Lukang)	柚仔₁
Changhua (Yongjing)	柚仔₁
Taichung	柚仔₁
Tainan	柚仔₁
Tainan (Anping)	柚仔₁
Hsinchu	柚仔₁
Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng)	柚仔₁
Kinmen	柚₁
Penghu (Magong)	柚₁
Penghu (Xiyu)	柚₁
Penang (Hokkien)	柚仔₁
Singapore (Hokkien)	柚仔₁, 柚₁
Manila (Hokkien)	柚₁
Longyan	枹, 枹仔
Shizhong	枹
Zhangping	枹
Zhangping (Yongfu)	枹
Datian	枹
Shunchang (Pushang)	枹
Pingnan (Sijie)	沙田柚
Pingle (Zhoutang)	柚₃, 沙田柚
Lechang (Tatou)	柚₃
Yingde (Yuzui)	柚仔₃, 沙田柚
Yunan (Liantan)	柚₃
Chaozhou	柚₁
Shantou	柚₁
Shantou (Chaoyang)	柚₁
Jieyang	柚₁
Haifeng	柚₁
Bangkok (Teochew)	柚₁
Chiang Mai (Teochew)	柚₁
Hat Yai (Teochew)	柚₁, ส้มโอ
Johor Bahru (Teochew)	柚₁
Leizhou	甘枹, 橘紅
Wenchang	柚₁
Haikou	柚₁
Puxian Min	Putian	柚₁
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	柚₁
Xianyou	柚₁
Fuding (Aoyao)	老枹
Central Min	Yong'an	柚₂
Sanming (Sanyuan)	柚₂
Sanming (Shaxian)	柚₁
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	大柑, 大柑兒
Guangze	柑兒
Mingxi	柑
Shunchang	柚₁
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	布碌
Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	布碌
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	㯷子
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	柚子
Shehua	Fuding	老枹
Luoyuan	𩈈
Sanming	枹
Shunchang	柚柿
Hua'an	柚₃
Guixi (Zhangping)	柚仔₂
Cangnan	枹
Jingning (Hexi)	柚₁
Lishui	柚₁
Longyou	枹
Chaozhou	柚₁
Fengshun	柚仔₂
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	柑
Yuanling (Shaojiwan)	柑
Wu	Shanghai	文旦
Shanghai (Songjiang)	文旦
Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong)	文旦
Shanghai (Jiading)	文旦
Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan)	文旦
Shanghai (Chongming)	文旦
Suzhou	文旦
Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang)	文旦
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang)	文旦
Wuxi	文旦
Changshu	文旦
Kunshan	文旦
Jiaxing	香泡, 文旦, 沙田柚
Changzhou	沙田柚
Liyang	柚子
Yixing	文旦
Danyang	文旦
Jingjiang	柚子
Jiangyin	文旦
Huzhou (Shuanglin)	文旦
Hangzhou	柚子
Shaoxing	文旦
Zhuji (Wangjiajing)	柚子
Shengzhou (Chongren)	香團
Shengzhou (Taiping)	香團
Ningbo	文旦, 香泡
Yuyao	文旦, 香泡
Taizhou (Huangyan)	文蛋, 橙, 欒
Wenzhou	泡, 柚₁, 文旦
Quzhou	香泡
Jinhua	樸, 柚子
Jinhua (Tangxi)	泡兒, 泡
Yiwu	泡, 香泡
Yongkang	泡
Xiang	Changsha	柚子
Shuangfeng	橙子
Quanzhou	柚子
Xiangnan Tuhua	Dong'an	柚子
Yuebei Tuhua	Shaoguan (Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang)	柚嘀
Shaoguan (Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang)	大肚柑
Renhua (Zhoutian)	大肚柑
Renhua (Shitang)	柚₁
Ruyuan (Songwei, Guitou)	柚₁
Lechang (Changlai)	柚公
Lechang (Beixiang)	柚公
Lechang (Huangpu)	柑子
Lechang (Guitang, Pingshi)	沙田柑
Lechang (Sanxi)	柑子

Compounds

佛手柑 (fóshǒugān)
傳柑 / 传柑
刺柑
柑仔 (kâm-é)
柑子 (gānzi)
柑果 (gānguǒ)
柑桔 (gānjú)
柑橘 (gānjú)
柑香酒
栟柑
椪柑 (pènggān)
橘柑
油柑 (yóugān)
蜜柑 (mìgān)
金柑 (jīngān)
雙柑斗酒 / 双柑斗酒

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (柑):

→ Japanese: 柑(かん) (kan)
→ Vietnamese: cam (柑)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 柑 – see 拑 (“to grab; to pinch; to cling; to grip tightly; etc.”). (This character is an obsolete form of 拑).

柑

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

Etymology 2

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Etymology

Pronunciation

Affix

Derived terms

Korean

Hanja

Vietnamese

Han character

Wikiwand - on

Kanji in this term
柑
かん Jinmeiyō
on'yomi