檀

檀 U+6A80, 檀 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A80 ← 橿 [U+6A7F] CJK Unified Ideographs 檁 → [U+6A81]

Translingual

Han character

檀 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 木卜田一 (DYWM), four-corner 4091₆, composition ⿰木亶)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 555, character 39
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15632
• Dae Jaweon: page 945, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1305, character 1
• Unihan data for U+6A80

Chinese

simp. and trad.		檀
2nd round simp.		枟

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 檀
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (旦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
皽	*tjaʀ, *tanʔ, *tjanʔ
担	*taːnʔ
胆	*daːn, *daːn
疸	*taːnʔ, *taːns
觛	*taːnʔ, *taːns, *daːnʔ
亶	*taːnʔ
嬗	*taːnʔ, *tʰaːn, *djans
笪	*taːnʔ, *taːns, *taːd
狚	*taːnʔ, *taːns, *taːd
旦	*taːns
鴠	*taːns
譠	*tʰaːn, *rteːn
坦	*tʰaːnʔ
但	*daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns
檀	*daːn
壇	*daːn
儃	*daːn, *djan
驙	*daːn, *tan
袒	*daːnʔ, *rdeːns
襢	*daːnʔ, *tanʔ, *tans
繵	*daːnʔ
膻	*daːnʔ
澶	*daːns, *djan
邅	*tan, *danʔ, *dans
鱣	*tan
饘	*tjan, *tjanʔ
旜	*tjan
氈	*tjan
鸇	*tjan
顫	*tjans
蟺	*djanʔ
擅	*djans
羶	*hljan
呾	*taːd, *ʔraːd
怛	*taːd
妲	*taːd
靼	*taːd, *tjad
炟	*taːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *daːn): semantic 木 + phonetic 亶 (OC *taːnʔ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tán (tan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): taan⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thàn
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tân / tôaⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tang⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tán
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tán
    • Wade–Giles: tʻan²
    • Yale: tán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarn
    • Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: taan⁴
    • Yale: tàahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: taan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: tan⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaːn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thàn
    • Hakka Romanization System: tan^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tan²
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰan¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tân
    • Tâi-lô: tân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: daan
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /tan²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tan¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tôaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tuânn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dvoaa
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tuã²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tuã¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /tuã²⁴/

Note:

• tân - literary;
• tôaⁿ - vernacular.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tang⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaŋ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: dan

Rime
Character	檀
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒干切
Baxter	dan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dan/
Li Rong	/dɑn/
Wang Li	/dɑn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	taan4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*daːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	檀
Reading #	1/1
No.	2062
Phonetic component	旦
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	壇
Old Chinese	/*daːn/

Definitions

檀

1. Name of several kind of plants, including:
   1. 紫檀 (zǐtán, “Pterocarpus indicus”)
   2. 青檀 (“Pteroceltis tatarinowii”)
   3. 黃檀／黄檀 (huángtán, “Dalbergia hupeana”)
   4. short for 旃檀 (“Santalum album”), also known as 檀香 (tánxiāng)
2. purple-red
3. a surname

Compounds

• 伐檀
• 印度黃檀 / 印度黄檀 (Yìndù huángtán)
• 層檀 / 层檀 (Céngtán)
• 旃檀 (zhāntán)
• 栴檀 (zhāntán)
• 檀信 (tánxìn)
• 檀口
• 檀弓
• 檀施 (tánshī)
• 檀暈妝 / 檀晕妆
• 檀木靴
• 檀林
• 檀板 (tánbǎn)
• 檀槽
• 檀檀 (Tántán)
• 檀欒 / 檀栾
• 檀溪 (Tánxī)
• 檀粉
• 檀越 (tányuè)
• 檀車 / 檀车
• 檀那 (tánnà)
• 檀郎
• 檀郎謝女 / 檀郎谢女
• 檀香 (tánxiāng)
• 檀香山 (Tánxiāng Shān)
• 檀香扇
• 欃檀
• 毚檀
• 白檀 (báitán)
• 紫檀 (zǐtán)
• 邏逤檀 / 逻逤檀
• 阿檀
• 馬躍檀溪 / 马跃檀溪
• 黑檀木 (hēitánmù)