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干

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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See also: 乾, 幹, 于, 午, 千, 半, and 榦
干 U+5E72, 干
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E72
← 幱
[U+5E71] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 平 →
[U+5E73]
Thumb
⼲ U+2F32, ⼲
KANGXI RADICAL DRY
← ⼱
[U+2F31] 		Kangxi Radicals ⼳ →
[U+2F33]

Translingual

More information Stroke order ...
More information Stroke order ...

Han character

See images of
Radical 51 干

干 (Kangxi radical 51, 干+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一十 (MJ), four-corner 10400, composition ⿱一十)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №47

Derived characters

Additional Derived Characters
  • 𭆺, 𡯋, 𢁗, 𨸗, 𭕍, 𤮽, 𤰟, 𤽂, 𥘏, 𥾍, 𦏹, 𧿂, 𭀧, 𡱭, 𩈅, 𩎒, 𬰱, 𭒋, 𩵟, 𩾝, 𪌃, 𪔆, 𬏎, 𪗙
  • 𤿊, 𧰪, 𪚒, 𪚟, 𫢉, 𠣍, 𡵃, 𢇛, 𣬂, 𤰠, 𤴲, 𥝝, 𥤱, 𢦡, 𦉻, 𩂀, 𫹯, 𤮻, 𭅖, 𢒑, 𢿂

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 339, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9165
  • Dae Jaweon: page 645, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 405, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5E72
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Chinese

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 干, Shang ...
Characters in the same phonetic series (干) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
More information Old Chinese ...

Pictogram (象形) of a shield with feather ornaments on top; in some versions in oracle bones, the central and flat part of the shield can be seen as 回.

As an alternative, it is possible 干 and 單 are variant forms of the same character in oracle bone script due to their similar shapes and its appearance in the original forms of 敢. Hence, 干 would depict a bifurcated hunting weapon, not a shield. But 單 has two dots on top that depict two stones, while these two dots are absent in 干.

Also borrowed phonetically as a simplification of 乾 (dry) and 幹. See also 盾 (the pictogram of another shield) and its possible differentiation 古.

The interpretation that links this pictogram to a pestle is folk etymology. Unrelated to 午, which however represents a pestle.

Etymology 1

More information simp. and trad., alternative forms ...

Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with 扞 (OC *ɡaːns, “to shield; to protect”), 閈 (OC *ɡaːns, “gate”), 捍 (OC *ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ, “to shield, ward off”). Compare Tibetan འགལ ('gal, “to go against, to violate, to contradict”), Burmese ကာ (ka, “shield; to shield; to block”).

Pronunciation 1

More information Rime, Character ...
More information Character, Reading # ...
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
Definitions

干

  1. to concern; to be implicated in; implication
    這事與我無干。 [MSC, trad.]
    这事与我无干。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè shì yǔ wǒ wú gān. [Pinyin]
    It has nothing to do with me.
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) a shield
  3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to request; to ask
  4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to offend; to encroach on
  5. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to interfere; to intervene
  6. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) bank; edge of water bodies
    江干  ―  jiānggān  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    河干  ―  hégān  ―  river bank
  7. 8th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "opposition" (𝌍)
  8. short for 天干 (tiāngān, “heavenly stem”)
  9. group (of people)
    一干人  ―  yī gān rén  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  10. A place in modern Yangzhou.
    Synonym: 邗 (Hán)
    干越夷貉之子，生而同聲，長而異俗，教使之然也。 [MSC, trad.]
    干越夷貉之子，生而同声，长而异俗，教使之然也。 [MSC, simp.]
    Gānyuè yíhé zhī zǐ, shēng ér tóng shēng, cháng ér yì sú, jiào shǐ zhī rán yě. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  11. alternative form of 乾 / 干 (“dry”)
  12. alternative form of 澗 / 涧 (jiàn, “brook; stream”)
  13. alternative form of 矸 (“rock”)
  14. a surname
  15. (Mainland China Hokkien) in vain; for nothing
  16. Used in transcription.
    塔克拉瑪干／塔克拉玛干  ―  Tǎkèlāmǎgān  ―  Taklamakan
    布干維爾／布干维尔  ―  Bùgānwéi'ěr  ―  Bougainville
    烏干達／乌干达  ―  Wūgāndá  ―  Uganda
Synonyms
  • (in vain): 白 (bái)
Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

干

  1. to defend
  2. to establish

Descendants

  • → Lao: ກັນ (kan)
  • → Shan: ၵၼ် (kǎn)
  • → Tai Dam: ꪀꪽ
  • → Thai: กัน (gan)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 干 – see 乾 (“dry; moistureless; waterless; arid; to dry; to exhaust; etc.”).
(This character is the simplified and variant form of 乾).
Notes:

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 干 – see 幹 (“main part of something; body; trunk; to do; etc.”).
(This character is the simplified form of 幹).
Notes:

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 干 – see 豻 (“a kind of wild dog from northern China, resembling a fox with a black snout; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 豻).

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 干 – see 贛 (“Jiangxi, a province of China.; etc.”).
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 贛).
Notes:
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Japanese

Korean

Okinawan

Tày

Vietnamese

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