涎

涎 U+6D8E, 涎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6D8E ← 涍 [U+6D8D] CJK Unified Ideographs 涏 → [U+6D8F]

Translingual

Han character

涎 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 水弓大一 (ENKM) or 水弓大女 (ENKV), four-corner 3214₁, composition ⿰氵延)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 626, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17536
• Dae Jaweon: page 1029, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1610, character 1
• Unihan data for U+6D8E

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (延) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
唌	*l'aːn
誕	*l'aːnʔ
蜑	*l'aːnʔ
蛋	*l'aːns
硟	*slan, *l̥ʰjans
涎	*ljan, *lans
脠	*l̥ʰan, *hljan
梴	*l̥ʰan
鋋	*ɦljan, *lan
埏	*hljan, *lan
挻	*hljan
鯅	*hljan
延	*lan, *lans
筵	*lan
蜒	*lan
狿	*lan, *lans
郔	*lan
綖	*lan
莚	*lan, *lans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ljan, *lans): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 延 (OC *lan, *lans).

Etymology 1

trad.		涎
simp. #		涎
alternative forms		㳄 㵪 唌 㳭 湺 㳄 㵪 唌 㳭 湺 𣵿 𠿢

Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Chug har (“phlegm”), Lish hahal (“phlegm”), Rupa Sherdukpen nəkʰɔ̃ː (“phlegm”), Japhug tɯɴɢar (“sputum”) (Bodt, 2021). Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *(s-)lan, compares it to Tibetan ཟླན (zlan, “moisture”).

Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) relates it to Thai น้ำลาย (náam-laai), which is derived from Proto-Tai *laːjᴬ (“saliva”).

Possibly related to 羨 (OC *ljans, “to envy”) (Wang, 1982; also cf. Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): xián (xian²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xuan²

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jin⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): yen³

• Gan (Wiktionary): xien⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sièn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): yan²

• Jin (Wiktionary): han¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): iòng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): siân / iân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): iêng⁶ / iang⁶

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶yi
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sienn²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xián
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sián
    • Wade–Giles: hsien²
    • Yale: syán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
    • Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: xuan²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xuan
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕyan²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jin⁴
    • Yale: yìhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jin⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yin⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: yen³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jen²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: xien⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiɛn³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sièn
    • Hakka Romanization System: xien^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xian²
    • Sinological IPA: /si̯en¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: yan²
    • Sinological IPA: /ian¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: han¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /xæ̃¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: iòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yoŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siân
    • Tâi-lô: siân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sieen
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɛn¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /siɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɛn²³/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iân
    • Tâi-lô: iân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ieen
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn²³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /iɛn²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: iêng⁶ / iang⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iĕng / iăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ieŋ³⁵/, /iaŋ³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶yi
    • MiniDict: yi^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhi
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦi²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: sienn²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /si̯ẽ¹³/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /ɕi̯ẽ¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: zjen

Rime
Character	涎
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	邪 (17)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	夕連切
Baxter	zjen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ziᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/ziɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/zjæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/zian/
Li Rong	/ziɛn/
Wang Li	/zĭɛn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/zi̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cin4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-N-qa[r]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ljan/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	涎	涎
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xián	xián
Middle Chinese	‹ zjen ›	‹ zjen ›
Old Chinese	/*s-N-qa[r]/	/*s-N-qa[r]/
English	saliva (from envy?)	spittle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	涎
Reading #	1/2
No.	14247
Phonetic component	延
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	㳄
Old Chinese	/*ljan/

Definitions

涎

1. saliva

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 口水 (“saliva; drool”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		涎, 唾
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		唾液, 口涎, 口水
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	哈喇子
	Taiwan	口水
	Langfang	哈喇子
	Chengde	哈喇子
	Ulanhot	哈喇子
	Tongliao	哈喇子
	Chifeng	唾沫, 哈喇子
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	哈喇子
	Heihe	口水, 哈喇子
	Qiqihar	口水, 哈喇子
	Harbin	口水, 哈喇子
	Jiamusi	口水, 哈喇子
	Baicheng	口水, 哈喇子
	Changchun	口水, 哈喇子
	Tonghua	口水, 哈喇子
	Shenyang	口水, 痴水, 憨水, 哈喇子
	Jinzhou	口水, 憨水, 哈喇子
	Singapore	口水
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	哈喇子
	Tangshan	哈喇子
	Cangzhou	斜斜
	Baoding	哈喇喇
	Shijiazhuang	哈喇水兒, 哈喇水
	Lijin	斜斜
	Jinan	痴拉拉, 咧涎, 斜涎, 哈喇子
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	痴水
	Dandong	痴水
	Yantai	痴水
	Yantai (Muping)	痴水, 痴水痘兒
	Qingdao	痴水, 舌涎
	Zhucheng	斜斜
Central Plains Mandarin	Lingbao	憨水
	Jining	口嘍水
	Daming	嘴水
	Wanrong	憨水
	Linfen	憨水
	Shangqiu	口水
	Yuanyang	口水
	Zhengzhou	嘴水
	Xinyang	嘴水
	Baihe	口水
	Xi'an	口水, 憨水
	Baoji	憨水
	Tianshui	憨水
	Xining	憨水
	Xuzhou	口水, 口婁水
	Fuyang	嘴水
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	口水, 哈喇子, 憨水
	Bayanhot	憨水, 口水
	Lanzhou	口水, 憨水
	Dunhuang	憨水
	Hami	憨水
	Ürümqi	憨水, 哈喇子
	Jimsar	哈喇子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	口水, 憨口水, 清口水
	Nanchong	口水
	Dazhou	口水
	Hanyuan	口水
	Xichang	口水
	Zigong	口水
	Chongqing	口水
	Wuhan	口水, 涎水, 涎
	Yichang	口水, 涎水
	Xiangyang	憨水
	Tianmen	涎水
	Guiyang	口水
	Zunyi	口水
	Bijie	涎口水
	Liping	口水
	Zhaotong	口水
	Dali	口水
	Kunming	口水
	Mengzi	口水
	Guilin	口水
	Liuzhou	口水, 口漦 dated
	Jishou	口水, 涎水
	Changde	饞水
	Hanzhong	憨水
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	口水
	Yangzhou	口水
	Lianyungang	口水
	Lianshui	口水子
	Nantong	饞, 唾沫
	Anqing	口水
	Wuhu	口水
	Hefei	口水
	Hong'an	饞, 涎
Cantonese	Guangzhou	口水
	Hong Kong	口水
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	口水
	Macau	口水
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	口水
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	口水
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	口水
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	口水
	Foshan	口水
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	口水
	Foshan (Shunde)	口水
	Foshan (Sanshui)	口水
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	口水
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	口瀾
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	口瀾
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	口水
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	口水
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	口水
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	口水
	Taishan	口水
	Kaiping (Chikan)	口水
	Enping (Niujiang)	口水
	Heshan (Yayao)	口水泡
	Dongguan	口水
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	口水
	Shaoguan	口水
	Yunfu	口水
	Yangjiang	口水
	Xinyi	口水
	Lianjiang	口水
	Nanning	口水
	Wuzhou	口水
	Yulin	涎水
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	涎水, 口水
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	口水
	Singapore (Guangfu)	口水
	Yangon (Taishan)	口水
	Mandalay (Taishan)	口水
Gan	Nanchang	涎
	Lichuan	口瀾
	Pingxiang	饞水
Hakka	Meixian	口瀾, 口瀾水, 口水
	Xingning	口瀾
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	口水
	Huidong (Daling)	口水
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	口水
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	口水
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	口水
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	口水
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	口水
	Wengyuan	口水
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	口瀾
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	口水
	Liannan	口水
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	口水
	Jiexi	口瀾
	Luhe	口水
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	嘴瀾水
	Changting	口瀾
	Wuping	口瀾
	Wuping (Yanqian)	喉瀾
	Wuping (Pingyu)	口瀾
	Liancheng	口瀾
	Ninghua	口瀾
	Yudu	喉瀾水
	Ningdu	口瀾水
	Ruijin	夫瀾水, 夫瀾
	Shicheng	口瀾
	Shangyou (Shexi)	口瀾
	Tonggu (Sandu)	口水
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	口水
	Dayu	口水
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	口瀾, 口瀾水
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	口瀾, 口瀾水
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	口水, 口瀾, 口瀾水
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	口瀾, 口瀾水
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	口瀾, 口瀾水
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	口瀾, 口瀾水
	Hong Kong	口水
	Mengshan (Xihe)	口水
	Luchuan	口水
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	口水
	Sabah (Longchuan)	口水
	Senai (Huiyang)	口水
	Singkawang	口水
Huizhou	Jixi	口涎, 口水
	Shexian	口涎
Jin	Taiyuan	憨水, 唾沫, 吐沫
	Yangyuan	憨拉水
	Datong	憨水
	Xinzhou	憨水
	Lüliang (Lishi)	涎水
	Changzhi	憨水
	Taibus (Baochang)	憨水
	Linhe	憨水
	Jining	憨水
	Hohhot	憨水, 憨拉子
	Baotou	憨水
	Dongsheng	憨水
	Haibowan	憨水
	Erenhot	憨水
	Pingshan	憨拉水
	Zhangjiakou	口水, 哈喇子, 憨拉水
	Handan	口水, 哈水, 憨水
	Linzhou	憨水
	Suide	憨水
Northern Min	Jian'ou	瀾, 瀾水
	Jianyang (Huangkeng)	唾
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	瀾
	Fuzhou (Changle)	瀾
	Fuqing	瀾
	Yongtai	瀾
	Gutian	瀾
	Fu'an	瀾
	Ningde	瀾
	Shouning	瀾
	Zhouning	瀾
	Fuding	瀾
Southern Min	Xiamen	瀾, 喙瀾, 津液
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	瀾
	Quanzhou	瀾, 喙瀾, 津液
	Zhangzhou	瀾, 喙瀾, 津液
	Zhao'an	瀾
	Taipei	瀾, 喙瀾
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	喙瀾
	Kaohsiung	瀾, 喙瀾
	Yilan	瀾, 喙瀾
	Changhua (Lukang)	瀾
	Taichung	瀾, 喙瀾
	Taichung (Wuqi)	喙瀾
	Tainan	瀾, 喙瀾
	Taitung	喙瀾
	Hsinchu	瀾, 喙瀾
	Kinmen	瀾
	Penghu (Magong)	瀾, 喙瀾
	Penang (Hokkien)	瀾
	Singapore (Hokkien)	瀾, 喙瀾
	Longyan	喙瀾
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	瀾水
	Chaozhou	瀾
	Shantou	瀾
	Jieyang	瀾
	Haifeng	瀾
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	瀾
	Singapore (Teochew)	瀾, 喙瀾
	Leizhou	瀾
	Wenchang	瀾
	Haikou	瀾, 瀾水
	Qionghai	瀾
	Singapore (Hainanese)	瀾
Puxian Min	Putian	瀾
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	瀾
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	瀾
	Xianyou	瀾
	Xianyou (Fengting)	瀾
	Xianyou (Youyang)	瀾
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	呲嘴瀾
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	涎
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	口水
Wu	Shanghai	饞唾, 饞唾水
	Shanghai (Chongming)	饞唾水
	Suzhou	饞唾, 饞唾水
	Danyang	痰吐, 涎吐, 饞吐
	Hangzhou	饞唾, 饞唾水兒
	Ningbo	饞唾水, 饞茶水, 瀾唾水
	Wenzhou	口瀾水, 饞瀾, 瀾
	Jinhua	口唾水
Xiang	Changsha	饞
	Xiangtan	痰水子
	Loudi	口水, 饞
	Shuangfeng	口水, 饞
	Hengyang	口水
	Quanzhou	口水

Compounds

• 刮涎
• 口涎 (kǒuxián)
• 唾涎
• 嘻皮涎臉
• 垂涎 (chuíxián)
• 垂涎三尺 (chuíxiánsānchǐ)
• 垂涎欲滴 (chuíxiányùdī)
• 失涎
• 拖涎
• 染指垂涎
• 沈涎
• 流涎
• 流涎症
• 涎不癡 / 涎不痴
• 涎不答
• 涎利
• 涎吐
• 涎唾
• 涎尾
• 涎水 (xiánshuǐ)
• 涎沫 (xiánmò)
• 涎涎瞪瞪
• 涎涎鄧鄧 / 涎涎邓邓
• 涎滑
• 涎滴
• 涎漫
• 涎濊 / 涎𰛦
• 涎玉沫珠
• 涎皮涎臉 / 涎皮涎脸
• 涎皮賴臉 / 涎皮赖脸 (xiánpílàiliǎn)
• 涎眉鄧眼 / 涎眉邓眼
• 涎睨
• 涎瞪
• 涎瞪瞪
• 涎縷 / 涎缕
• 涎纏 / 涎缠
• 涎腺 (xiánxiàn)
• 涎臉 / 涎脸
• 涎臉涎皮 / 涎脸涎皮
• 涎臉餳眼 / 涎脸饧眼
• 涎言涎語 / 涎言涎语
• 涎鄧鄧 / 涎邓邓
• 清涎
• 漫涎
• 痰涎
• 稠涎
• 粘涎
• 蛇涎
• 蛟涎
• 蝸涎 / 蜗涎
• 迤涎
• 邪涎
• 野狐涎
• 頑涎 / 顽涎
• 飛涎 / 飞涎
• 饞涎 / 馋涎
• 饞涎欲垂 / 馋涎欲垂
• 饞涎欲滴 / 馋涎欲滴 (chánxiányùdī)
• 香涎
• 鬼狐涎
• 黏涎
• 黏涎子
• 龍涎 / 龙涎 (lóngxián)
• 龍涎香 / 龙涎香 (lóngxiánxiāng)

Etymology 2

trad.		涎
simp. #		涎

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yàn (yan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yàn
    • Wade–Giles: yen⁴
    • Yale: yàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
    • Palladius: янь (janʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn⁵¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: yenH

Rime
Character	涎
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	于線切
Baxter	yenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇnH/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛnH/
Shao Rongfen	/jænH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jianH/
Li Rong	/iɛnH/
Wang Li	/jĭɛnH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯ɛnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*lans/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	涎
Reading #	2/2
No.	14268
Phonetic component	延
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*lans/

Adjective

涎

1. only used in 湎涎

Etymology 3

trad.		涎
simp. #		涎

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): diàn, yàn (dian⁴, yan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ, ㄧㄢˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: diàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
    • Wade–Giles: tien⁴
    • Yale: dyàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
    • Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yàn
    • Wade–Giles: yen⁴
    • Yale: yàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
    • Palladius: янь (janʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn⁵¹/

Definitions

涎

1. only used in 涎涎

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 涎 – see 瀾 (“saliva”). (This character is a variant form of 瀾).

References

• “涎”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–