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爪
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Alternative forms
- 爫 – when used as a top radical
Han character
爪 (Kangxi radical 87, 爪+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹中人 (HLO), four-corner 72230, composition ⿸𠂆⿰丨乀)
- Kangxi radical #87, ⽖.
Derived terms
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 688, character 26
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19653
- Dae Jaweon: page 1101, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2030, character 1
- Unihan data for U+722A
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Pictogram (象形) – a hand grabbing from above (in earlier forms from side); compare 手, 寸, 九. Even if it can indicate a claw, actually the pictogram depicts a human hand.
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zaau2
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): zua2
- Eastern Min (BUC): cāu / cuā
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zieo3 / ziao3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 5tsau / 3tsau
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, vernacular)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhuǎ
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄚˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhuǎ
- Wade–Giles: chua3
- Yale: jwǎ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joa
- Palladius: чжуа (čžua)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ä²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhuǎr
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄚˇㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhuǎr
- Wade–Giles: chua3-ʼrh
- Yale: jwǎr
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joal
- Palladius: чжуар (čžuar)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑɻ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, literary)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎo
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄠˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎo
- Wade–Giles: chao3
- Yale: jǎu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jao
- Palladius: чжао (čžao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, vernacular)+
Note:
- zhuǎ - “claw; claw-like object”.
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: zao3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zao
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sau⁵³/
- (Chengdu)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Jyutping: zaau2
- Yale: jáau
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzaau2
- Guangdong Romanization: zao2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡saːu̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: cháu
- Hakka Romanization System: zauˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: zau3
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sau̯³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: zauˊ
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sau²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: zua2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sua⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cāu / cuā
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sau³³/, /t͡sua³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Nanri)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zieo3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: câ̤u
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sieu⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zieo3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sieu³³²/
- (Youyang, Fengting)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zieo3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siəu³³²/
- (Jiangkou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ziao3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siɐu⁴⁵³/
- (Putian, Nanri)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liáu
- Tâi-lô: liáu
- Phofsit Daibuun: liao
- IPA (Quanzhou): /liau⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niáu
- Tâi-lô: niáu
- Phofsit Daibuun: niao
- IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /niãu⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiáu
- Tâi-lô: jiáu
- Phofsit Daibuun: jiao
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziau⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziau⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiáu
- Tâi-lô: tsiáu
- Phofsit Daibuun: ciao
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siau⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siau⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cháu
- Tâi-lô: tsáu
- Phofsit Daibuun: zao
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sau⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sau⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- liáu/niáu/jiáu - vernacular (“claw; nail; ”);
- chiáu - vernacular;
- cháu - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: riao2 / riou2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jiáu / jióu
- Sinological IPA (key): /d͡ziau⁵²/, /d͡ziou⁵²/
- (Teochew)
- riao2 - Shantou;
- riou2 - Chaozhou.
Note:
Note:
- Middle Chinese: tsraewX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤ<r>uʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsruːʔ/
Definitions
爪
- claw (of animal, bird); talon; paw; nail
- (Hakka) to grab with claws
- claw-like object; foot (of an item)
- (derogatory or humorous) hand (of a person)
- (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) nail (of a person)
- (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) bamboo rake or harrow
- a surname
Usage notes
- 爪 (zhuǎ) ― paws or claws of vertebrates, except for humans, bears, ducks, geese and swans
- 鉗／钳 (qián) ― claws of arthropods (crabs, clawed lobsters, scorpions, etc.)
- 掌 (zhǎng) ― hands, paws or claws of humans (only in compounds), bears, ducks, geese or swans
- 手 (shǒu) ― hands or hooves of humans or swine (only for culinary swine hooves)
- 蹄 (tí) ― hooves
Synonyms
Compounds
- 一鱗一爪 / 一鳞一爪
- 一鱗半爪 / 一鳞半爪 (yīlínbànzhǎo)
- 八爪魚 / 八爪鱼 (bāzhuǎyú)
- 冰爪
- 展爪
- 張牙舞爪 / 张牙舞爪 (zhāngyáwǔzhǎo)
- 心膂爪牙
- 手爪 (shǒuzhuǎ)
- 探爪兒 / 探爪儿
- 握拳透爪
- 東鱗西爪 / 东鳞西爪 (dōnglínxīzhuǎ)
- 熊爪
- 熱爪哇 / 热爪哇 (rèzhǎowā)
- 爪兒 / 爪儿
- 爪印
- 爪哇 (Zhǎowā)
- 爪哇人 (Zhǎowārén)
- 爪哇國 / 爪哇国 (Zhǎowāguó)
- 爪哇島 / 爪哇岛
- 爪哇族
- 爪塔
- 爪士
- 爪子 (zhǎozi)
- 爪字頭 / 爪字头 (zhǎozìtóu)
- 爪尋 / 爪寻
- 爪尖兒 / 爪尖儿
- 爪枯
- 爪牙 (zhǎoyá)
- 爪牙之士
- 爪牙之將 / 爪牙之将
- 爪牙吏
- 爪牙官
- 爪甲
- 爪甲點金 / 爪甲点金
- 爪痕
- 爪老
- 爪袖
- 爪角
- 爪蹄類 / 爪蹄类
- 爪章
- 片鱗半爪 / 片鳞半爪
- 牙爪
- 犬牙鷹爪 / 犬牙鹰爪
- 狗爪子
- 祿山之爪 / 禄山之爪
- 繫爪 / 系爪
- 能牙利爪 (néngyálìzhǎo)
- 舞爪張牙 / 舞爪张牙
- 虎爪拳
- 虎爪豆
- 通眉長爪 / 通眉长爪
- 鉤爪 / 钩爪
- 鉤爪鋸牙 / 钩爪锯牙
- 鋸牙鉤爪 / 锯牙钩爪
- 雞爪 / 鸡爪
- 雞爪釘 / 鸡爪钉
- 雪泥鴻爪 / 雪泥鸿爪
- 飛爪 / 飞爪
- 飛鴻雪爪 / 飞鸿雪爪
- 魔爪 (mózhǎo)
- 鱗爪 / 鳞爪 (línzhǎo)
- 鱉爪 / 鳖爪
- 鳥爪 / 鸟爪
- 鳳爪 / 凤爪 (fèngzhǎo)
- 鴻爪 / 鸿爪
- 鵰心雁爪 / 雕心雁爪
- 鷹爪 / 鹰爪
- 鷹爪功 / 鹰爪功
- 鷹爪毛兒 / 鹰爪毛儿
- 龍爪 / 龙爪
- 龍爪書 / 龙爪书
- 龍爪槐 / 龙爪槐
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): niàu / liàu / jiàu
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niàu
- Tâi-lô: niàu
- Phofsit Daibuun: niaux
- IPA (Xiamen): /niãu²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /niãu¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liàu
- Tâi-lô: liàu
- Phofsit Daibuun: liaux
- IPA (Quanzhou): /liau⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiàu
- Tâi-lô: jiàu
- Phofsit Daibuun: jiaux
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziau²¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziau²¹/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
Definitions
爪
- (Southern Min) to claw; to scratch (with one's claw or nail)
- (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) Classifier for claw or scratch mark.
Compounds
References
- “爪”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “爪（～牙、～子）”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 177.
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