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瓜
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
瓜 (Kangxi radical 97, 瓜+0, 5 strokes in Chinese, 6 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 竹女戈人 (HVIO) or 竹戈人 (HIO), four-corner 72230, composition ⿸𠂆⿰厶㇏ or ⿻𤓰丶)
- Kangxi radical #97, ⽠.
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 746, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21371
- Dae Jaweon: page 1154, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2654, character 1
- Unihan data for U+74DC
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Pictogram (象形) - a pictograph of a melon suspended by its vines.
Etymology 1
Etymology not clear (Schuessler, 2007).
Possibly a borrowing from Proto-Hmong-Mien *klˠa (“cucumber”) (Ostapirat, 2016).
Compare also Tibetan ཀུ་བ (ku ba, “gourd”), Burmese သခွား (sa.hkwa:, “cucumber”) (Luce, 1981).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gua1
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): guǎ
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): guà
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гуа (gua, I)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gwaa1
- (Dongguan, Jyutping++): gwaa1
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): ga1
- Gan (Wiktionary): gua1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): gua1
- Northern Min (KCR): guá
- Eastern Min (BUC): guă
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gua1
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): gwaa1
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gua1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: guā
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄚ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gua
- Wade–Giles: kua1
- Yale: gwā
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gua
- Palladius: гуа (gua)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku̯ä⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: gua1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gua
- Sinological IPA (key): /kua⁵⁵/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: guǎ
- Sinological IPA (key): /kua²¹/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: guà
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): gua1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kua³¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гуа (gua, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kua²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gwaa1
- Yale: gwā
- Cantonese Pinyin: gwaa1
- Guangdong Romanization: gua1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷaː⁵⁵/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: gwaa1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷa²¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ga1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ka³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: gua1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kua⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kôa
- Hakka Romanization System: guaˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gua1
- Sinological IPA: /ku̯a²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: guaˋ
- Sinological IPA: /kua⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: gua1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /kua¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: guá
- Sinological IPA (key): /kua⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: guă
- Sinological IPA (key): /kua⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gua1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gua
- Sinological IPA (key): /kua⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gua1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kua⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koe
- Tâi-lô: kue
- Phofsit Daibuun: koef
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /kue³³/
- IPA (Zhangpu): /kuɛ⁵⁵/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kue⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
Note:
- Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taiwan:
- koe - vernacular;
- koa - literary.
- gue1 - vernacular;
- gua1 - literary.
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: gwaa1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷa⁵³/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Suzhou, Kunshan, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Zhoushan)
- Wugniu: 1ko
- MiniDict: ko平
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 1ko
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ko⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Jiading): /ko⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ko⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ko⁴⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Kunshan): /ko⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /ko⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /ko⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /ko⁵³/
- (Northern: Jiading, Songjiang, Hangzhou)
- (Northern: Chongming, Shaoxing, Ningbo)
- (Jinhua)
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Suzhou, Kunshan, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Zhoushan)
- 1ko - vernacular;
- 1kua - literary.
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: gua1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku̯a̠³³/
- (Changsha)
Note:
Note:
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: kwae
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷˤra/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʷraː/
Definitions
瓜
Compounds
- 一瓜一蒂
- 佛手瓜 (fóshǒuguā)
- 倭瓜 (wōguā)
- 傑克南瓜燈 / 杰克南瓜灯 (jiékè-nánguādēng)
- 傻瓜 (shǎguā)
- 傻瓜相機 / 傻瓜相机 (shǎguā xiàngjī)
- 冬瓜 (dōngguā)
- 刺瓜 (cìguā)
- 劉全進瓜 / 刘全进瓜
- 匏瓜 (páoguā)
- 匏瓜空懸 / 匏瓜空悬
- 南瓜 (nánguā)
- 南瓜燈 / 南瓜灯 (nánguādēng)
- 厄瓜多 (Èguāduō)
- 及瓜
- 及瓜而代
- 呆瓜 (dāiguā)
- 哈密瓜 (hāmìguā)
- 嗑瓜子
- 地瓜 (dìguā)
- 地瓜簽 / 地瓜签
- 地若瓜分
- 寒瓜
- 尼加拉瓜 (Níjiālāguā)
- 打瓜子
- 打響瓜兒 / 打响瓜儿
- 投瓜
- 抱蔓摘瓜
- 故侯瓜
- 有瓜葛
- 木瓜 (mùguā)
- 木瓜酵素 (mùguā jiàosù)
- 李下瓜田 (lǐxiàguātián)
- 東瓜茄子 / 东瓜茄子 (dōngguā qiézi)
- 東陵瓜 / 东陵瓜
- 水底納瓜 / 水底纳瓜
- 水裡納瓜 / 水里纳瓜
- 沉李浮瓜
- 洋香瓜
- 浮瓜沉李
- 浮瓜避暑
- 滾瓜兒 / 滚瓜儿
- 滾瓜溜圓 / 滚瓜溜圆
- 滾瓜爛熟 / 滚瓜烂熟 (gǔnguālànshú)
- 澆瓜之惠 / 浇瓜之惠
- 灌瓜之義 / 灌瓜之义
- 王瓜
- 瓜仁 (guārén)
- 瓜代 (guādài)
- 瓜分 (guāfēn)
- 瓜分豆剖 (guāfēndòupōu)
- 瓜剖豆分
- 瓜地馬拉 / 瓜地马拉 (Guādìmǎlā)
- 瓜子
- 瓜子仁
- 瓜子殼 / 瓜子壳
- 瓜子臉 / 瓜子脸 (guāzǐliǎn)
- 瓜子金
- 瓜字初分
- 瓜州 (Guāzhōu)
- 瓜搭
- 瓜時 / 瓜时
- 瓜月
- 瓜期
- 瓜李之嫌
- 瓜果 (guāguǒ)
- 瓜果筵
- 瓜架
- 瓜條 / 瓜条
- 瓜棚
- 瓜洲
- 瓜熟蒂落 (guāshúdìluò)
- 瓜瓞
- 瓜瓞綿綿 / 瓜瓞绵绵
- 瓜瓤 (guāráng)
- 瓜田之嫌
- 瓜田李下 (guātiánlǐxià)
- 瓜皮帽 (guāpímào)
- 瓜祭
- 瓜科
- 瓜秧
- 瓜笠仔
- 瓜紐 / 瓜纽
- 瓜蒂 (guādì)
- 瓜葛 (guāgé)
- 瓜葛之親 / 瓜葛之亲
- 瓜蓮 / 瓜莲 (guālián)
- 瓜蔓
- 瓜蔓抄
- 瓜藤 (guāténg)
- 瓜農 / 瓜农
- 瓜連 / 瓜连
- 瓟瓜
- 瓠瓜 (hùguā)
- 甘瓜苦蒂
- 甜瓜 (tiánguā)
- 番木瓜 (fānmùguā)
- 番瓜 (fānguā)
- 癩瓜 / 癞瓜 (làiguā)
- 白瓜 (báiguā)
- 矮冬瓜 (ǎidōngguā)
- 砍瓜切菜
- 破瓜 (pòguā)
- 稍瓜打驢 / 稍瓜打驴
- 種瓜得瓜 / 种瓜得瓜 (zhòngguādéguā)
- 糖瓜 (tángguā)
- 絲瓜 / 丝瓜 (sīguā)
- 絲瓜絡 / 丝瓜络 (sīguāluò)
- 綿綿瓜瓞 / 绵绵瓜瓞
- 老倭瓜
- 老王賣瓜 / 老王卖瓜
- 老醃瓜 / 老腌瓜
- 胡瓜 (húguā)
- 腦瓜頂兒 / 脑瓜顶儿
- 腦袋瓜 / 脑袋瓜 (nǎodaiguā)
- 腦袋瓜子 / 脑袋瓜子
- 花木瓜
- 花瓜
- 苦瓜 (kǔguā)
- 苦瓜臉 / 苦瓜脸 (kǔguāliǎn)
- 菜瓜 (càiguā)
- 菜瓜布
- 蒲瓜 (púguā)
- 西瓜 (xīguā)
- 西瓜子兒 / 西瓜子儿
- 西瓜帽 (xīguāmào)
- 豆剖瓜分
- 越瓜 (yuèguā)
- 醉瓜
- 醬瓜 / 酱瓜 (jiàngguā)
- 金瓜 (jīnguā)
- 金瓜石
- 阿空卡瓜
- 頂瓜皮 / 顶瓜皮
- 順藤摸瓜 / 顺藤摸瓜 (shùnténgmōguā)
- 香瓜 (xiāngguā)
- 馬拿瓜 / 马拿瓜
- 馬鈴瓜 / 马铃瓜
- 鯽瓜兒 / 鲫瓜儿
- 黃瓜 / 黄瓜 (huángguā)
Descendants
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to Mandarin 掛 'to die'?”)
Pronunciation
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gwaa1
- Yale: gwā
- Cantonese Pinyin: gwaa1
- Guangdong Romanization: gua1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷaː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: gua1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku̯a̠³³/
- (Changsha)
Definitions
瓜
- (Wuhan Mandarin, Cantonese, Xiang, humorous) to die
- 1954, 朱頂鶴, 陳雲, directed by 譚伯葉, 鄧轟, and 陳中堅, 好女十八嫁 [Eighteen Marriages of a Smart Girl], spoken by 阮母 (梁淑卿 [Leung Suk Hing]):
- 你話你衰口衰面沖瓜人哋個仔呀，將來人哋唔容許你，呢處你都咪使旨意返嚟啊！ [Cantonese, trad.]
- nei5 waa6 nei5 seoi1 hau2 seoi1 min6 cung1 gwaa1 jan4 dei6 go3 zai2 aa4, zoeng1 loi4 jan4 dei6 m4 jung4 heoi2 nei5, ni1 syu3 nei5 dou1 mai5 sai2 zi2 ji3 faan1 lei4 aa3! [Jyutping]
- Say you "ward off" their son to death with your dejected face. If they don't keep you in the future, you don't stand a chance of coming back here!
你话你衰口衰面冲瓜人哋个仔呀，将来人哋唔容许你，呢处你都咪使旨意返嚟啊！ [Cantonese, simp.]
Synonyms
- (to die):
- 下世 (xiàshì) (formal)
- 上天 (shàngtiān) (euphemistic)
- 上路 (shànglù) (euphemistic)
- 不在 (bùzài) (euphemistic)
- 不幸 (bùxìng) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
- 不祿 / 不禄 (bùlù) (archaic, euphemistic, of military officers)
- 亡
- 亡故 (wánggù) (literary)
- 仙逝 (xiānshì) (euphemistic)
- 仙遊 / 仙游 (xiānyóu) (euphemistic)
- 作古 (zuògǔ) (literary, euphemistic)
- 做鬼 (zuòguǐ) (colloquial)
- 傾世 / 倾世 (qīngshì) (literary)
- 傾亡 / 倾亡 (qīngwáng) (literary)
- 入寂 (rùjì) (Buddhism, of Buddhist monks)
- 凋謝 / 凋谢 (diāoxiè) (to die of old age)
- 化去 (huàqù) (euphemistic)
- 升天 (shēngtiān) (euphemistic)
- 即世 (jíshì) (literary)
- 去世 (qùshì)
- 合眼 (héyǎn) (euphemistic)
- 喪亡 / 丧亡 (sàngwáng) (literary)
- 喪命 / 丧命 (sàngmìng) (euphemistic)
- 喪生 / 丧生 (sàngshēng) (euphemistic)
- 嗚呼 / 呜呼 (wūhū) (euphemistic)
- 嗝屁 (gěpì) (Mandarin, vulgar, dysphemistic)
- 嚥氣 / 咽气 (yànqì) (colloquial)
- 回老家 (huí lǎojiā) (euphemistic, humorous)
- 圓寂 / 圆寂 (yuánjì) (of Buddhist monks or nuns)
- 壽終正寢 / 寿终正寝 (shòuzhōngzhèngqǐn) (euphemistic)
- 失氣 / 失气 (shīqì) (literary)
- 安息 (ānxī) (euphemistic)
- 安眠 (ānmián) (euphemistic)
- 小喇叭兒吹了 / 小喇叭儿吹了 (xiǎo lǎbār chuī le) (Beijing Mandarin)
- 就義 / 就义 (jiùyì) (to die a martyr)
- 崩 (bēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 崩殂 (bēngcú) (Classical, of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 彈老三 / 弹老三 (Northern Wu, informal, humorous)
- 往生 (wǎngshēng) (euphemistic)
- 忽然 (hūrán) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
- 掛 / 挂 (guà) (slang, humorous)
- 故 (gù)
- 故世 (gùshì) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
- 故去 (gùqù) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
- 斃命 / 毙命 (bìmìng) (pejorative)
- 早死 (zǎosǐ)
- 晏駕 / 晏驾 (yànjià) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 枯死 (kūsǐ) (literary, figurative)
- 棄世 / 弃世 (qìshì) (literary)
- 歸天 / 归天 (guītiān) (euphemistic)
- 歸西 / 归西 (guīxī) (euphemistic)
- 歸道山 / 归道山 (guī dàoshān) (literary, euphemistic)
- 死 (sǐ)
- 死亡 (sǐwáng) (formal)
- 死人 (sǐrén)
- 死去 (sǐqù) (informal)
- 死掉 (sǐdiào) (informal)
- 死翹翹 / 死翘翘 (sǐqiàoqiào) (informal, humorous)
- 死脫 / 死脱 (5shi-theq) (Wu)
- 殞 / 殒 (yǔn) (archaic)
- 氣絕 / 气绝 (qìjué) (literary)
- 永眠 (yǒngmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
- 沒世 / 没世 (mòshì) (literary)
- 沉眠 (chénmián) (euphemistic)
- 消忒 (Hakka, euphemistic)
- 物化 (wùhuà) (literary)
- 狗帶 / 狗带 (gǒudài) (slang, neologism)
- 畢命 / 毕命 (bìmìng) (formal, euphemistic)
- 病亡 (bìngwáng) (to die of illness)
- 病故 (bìnggù) (to die of illness)
- 病死 (bìngsǐ) (to die of illness)
- 病逝 (bìngshì) (to die of illness)
- 瘐死 (yǔsǐ) (of deaths in prison)
- 百年歸老 / 百年归老 (bǎiniánguīlǎo) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
- 盡命 / 尽命 (jìnmìng) (literary, euphemistic)
- 終 / 终 (zhōng) (literary, or in compounds, euphemistic)
- 絕 / 绝 (jué) (literary, or in compounds)
- 翹辮子 / 翘辫子 (qiào biànzi) (informal, humorous)
- 老了 (lǎo le) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
- 蒙主寵召 / 蒙主宠召 (méngzhǔchǒngzhào) (Christianity, euphemistic)
- 薨 (hōng) (Classical Chinese, of feudal lords or high officials)
- 薨逝 (hōngshì) (of feudal lords)
- 被難 / 被难 (bèinàn) (to be killed in a disaster, political incident, etc.)
- 見背 / 见背 (jiànbèi) (literary, of one's parents or elders)
- 見閻王 / 见阎王 (jiàn Yánwáng) (figurative)
- 見馬克思 / 见马克思 (jiàn Mǎkèsī) (communism, euphemistic)
- 謝世 / 谢世 (xièshì) (literary)
- 賓天 / 宾天 (bīntiān) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 走 (zǒu) (euphemistic)
- 走去踮 (Hokkien, euphemistic)
- 身亡 (shēnwáng) (formal, usually from unnatural causes)
- 辭世 / 辞世 (císhì) (literary)
- 辭塵 / 辞尘 (cíchén) (literary, euphemistic)
- 逝世 (shìshì)
- 進棺材 / 进棺材 (jìn guāncái)
- 過世 / 过世 (guòshì)
- 過去 / 过去 (guòqù) (euphemistic)
- 過往 / 过往 (Hokkien, Teochew, euphemistic)
- 過身 / 过身 (guòshēn) (literary)
- 過面 / 过面 (Hokkien)
- 長山賣鴨卵 / 长山卖鸭卵 (Hakka, euphemistic)
- 長眠 / 长眠 (chángmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
- 閉眼 / 闭眼 (bìyǎn) (euphemistic)
- 隕落 / 陨落 (yǔnluò) (euphemistic)
- 離世 / 离世 (líshì) (euphemistic)
- 駕崩 / 驾崩 (jiàbēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 駕鶴西去 / 驾鹤西去 (jiàhèxīqù) (euphemistic)
- 駕鶴西遊 / 驾鹤西游 (jiàhèxīyóu) (euphemistic)
- 龍馭上賓 / 龙驭上宾 (lóngyùshàngbīn) (of an emperor)
Compounds
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Japanese
Kikai
Korean
Miyako
Okinawan
Tày
Vietnamese
Yoron
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