甥

甥 U+7525, 甥 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7525 ← 甤 [U+7524] CJK Unified Ideographs 甦 → [U+7526]

Translingual

Han character

甥 (Kangxi radical 100, 生+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹一田大尸 (HMWKS), four-corner 2612₇, composition ⿰生男)

1. sister's child, sororal niece or nephew

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 755, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21689
• Dae Jaweon: page 1165, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2578, character 5
• Unihan data for U+7525

Chinese

simp. and trad.		甥

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 甥
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (生) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
猜	*sʰlɯː
輤	*sʰleːns
綪	*sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ
倩	*sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs
棈	*sʰleːns
蒨	*sʰeːns
篟	*sʰeːns
生	*sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs
牲	*sreŋ
笙	*sreŋ
甥	*sreŋ
鉎	*sreŋ, *sleːŋ
珄	*sreŋ
鼪	*sreŋ, *sreŋs
猩	*sreŋ, *seːŋ
狌	*sreŋ
眚	*sreŋʔ
貹	*sreŋs
崝	*zreːŋ
精	*ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs
菁	*ʔsleŋ
鶄	*ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
蜻	*ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
鼱	*ʔsleŋ
婧	*ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ
睛	*ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ
箐	*ʔsleŋ
聙	*ʔsleŋ
旌	*ʔsleŋ
清	*sʰleŋ
圊	*sʰleŋ
請	*sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ
凊	*sʰleŋs
䝼	*zleŋs, *zleŋ
靚	*zleŋs
情	*zleŋ
晴	*zleŋ
夝	*zleŋ
靜	*zleŋʔ
靖	*zleŋʔ
睲	*seŋʔ, *seːŋs
惺	*seŋʔ, *seːŋ
性	*sleŋs
姓	*sleŋs
靗	*l̥ʰeŋs
鯖	*ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ
青	*sʰleːŋ
靘	*sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs
掅	*sʰleːŋs
胜	*sleːŋ
曐	*sleːŋ
星	*sleːŋ
鮏	*sleːŋ
腥	*seːŋ, *seːŋs
鯹	*seːŋ
醒	*seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs
篂	*seːŋ

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sriŋ (“sister”), related by Coblin (1986) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sreŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”).

Cognate with Tibetan སྲིང་མོ (sring mo), Kinnauri riŋz, Jangshung śiŋ, Chinese 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “life, birth”) and 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “family name”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shēng (sheng¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saang¹ / sang¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sâng / sên

  (Hailu, HRS): sang^ˋ / sen^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): sên¹

• Eastern Min (BUC): sĕng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): seng¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sng / seng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sêng¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹san; ¹sen

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shēng
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sheng
    • Wade–Giles: shêng¹
    • Yale: shēng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheng
    • Palladius: шэн (šɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: saang¹ / sang¹
    • Yale: sāang / sāng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saang¹ / sang¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sang¹ / seng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːŋ⁵⁵/, /sɐŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sâng / sên
    • Hakka Romanization System: sang^ˊ / sen^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sang¹ / sen¹
    • Sinological IPA: /saŋ²⁴/, /sen²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: sang^ˋ / sen^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /saŋ⁵³/, /sen⁵³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: sên¹
    • Sinological IPA: /sɛn⁴⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sĕng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛiŋ⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: seng¹
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: seng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɛŋ⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: seng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɛŋ⁵⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng
    • Tâi-lô: sng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sngf
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍³³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng
    • Tâi-lô: sing
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sefng
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sêng¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: seng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /seŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹san; ¹sen
    • MiniDict: san^平; sen^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹san; ¹sen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sã⁵³/, /sən⁵³/

Note:

• 1san - vernacular;
• 1sen - literary.

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• Middle Chinese: sraeng

Rime
Character	甥
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	所庚切
Baxter	sraeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂaɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/ʃɐŋ/
Wang Li	/ʃɐŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʂɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sang1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.reŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sreŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	甥
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shēng
Middle Chinese	‹ sræng ›
Old Chinese	/*s.reŋ/
English	SiSo or SiDa; DaHu
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	甥
Reading #	1/1
No.	11315
Phonetic component	生
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	生
Old Chinese	/*sreŋ/

Definitions

甥

1. sororal niece or sororal nephew
2. (obsolete) son-in-law

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 外甥 (“sororal nephew”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		甥
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		外甥
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	外甥
	Taiwan	外甥
	Harbin	外甥
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	外甥
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	外甥
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	外甥兒
	Wanrong	外甥子
	Xi'an	外甥
	Xining	外甥娃
	Xuzhou	外甥
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	外甥子
	Ürümqi	外甥
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	外姪, 外姪兒
	Wuhan	外甥, 外外
	Guiyang	外甥
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	外甥子
	Yangzhou	外甥子
	Hefei	外甥子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	外甥
	Hong Kong	外甥, 外甥仔
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	外甥
	Macau	外甥
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	外甥
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	外甥
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	外甥
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	外甥
	Foshan	外甥
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	外甥
	Foshan (Shunde)	外甥
	Foshan (Sanshui)	外甥
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	外甥仔
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	外甥
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	外甥
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	外甥
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	外甥
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	外甥
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	外甥
	Taishan	甥子
	Kaiping (Chikan)	甥子
	Enping (Niujiang)	外甥
	Heshan (Yayao)	外甥
	Dongguan	外甥, 外甥哥 used by men
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	外甥
	Yangjiang	外甥
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	外甥
Gan	Nanchang	外甥
	Lichuan	外甥
	Pingxiang	外甥
Hakka	Meixian	外甥
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	外甥
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	外甥仔
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	外甥
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	外甥
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	外甥
	Yudu	外甥
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	外甥仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	外甥仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	外甥仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	外甥
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	外甥仔
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	外甥
	Senai (Huiyang)	外甥
Huizhou	Jixi	外甥
Jin	Taiyuan	外甥, 外甥子
	Xinzhou	外甥子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	外甥
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	外甥
Southern Min	Xiamen	外甥
	Quanzhou	外甥
	Zhangzhou	外甥
	Taipei	外甥
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	外甥仔
	Kaohsiung	外甥仔
	Yilan	外甥仔
	Changhua (Lukang)	外甥
	Taichung	外甥仔, 孫仔
	Tainan	外甥仔
	Hsinchu	外甥仔
	Kinmen	外甥
	Penghu (Magong)	外甥
	Penang (Hokkien)	外甥
	Manila (Hokkien)	外甥
	Chaozhou	外甥
	Bangkok (Teochew)	外甥, 孫
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	外甥
	Haikou	外甥
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	甥子
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	外甥
Wu	Shanghai	外甥
	Shanghai (Chongming)	外甥
	Suzhou	外甥
	Danyang	外甥
	Hangzhou	外甥
	Ningbo	外甥頑
	Wenzhou	外甥, 外甥兒
	Jinhua	外甥
Xiang	Changsha	外甥, 外甥子, 外姪, 外姪伢子
	Loudi	外甥, 外甥伢唧
	Shuangfeng	外甥

See also

• 姪／侄 (zhí)

Compounds

• 外甥 (wàishēng)
• 外甥女
• 姨甥 (yíshēng)
• 甥女 (shēngnǚ)
• 甥館 / 甥馆
• 舅甥
• 表甥

References

• “甥”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “甥”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 209.
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “甥”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 265.