精

精 U+7CBE, 精 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CBE ← 粽 [U+7CBD] CJK Unified Ideographs 粿 → [U+7CBF]

精 U+FA1D, 精 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA1D ← 靖 [U+FA1C] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 羽 → [U+FA1E]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

精 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 火木手一月 (FDQMB), four-corner 9592₇, composition ⿰米青(GHTJV) or ⿰米靑(K or U+FA1D))

Derived characters

• 𡁔, 𪇒, 𦾿, 𧓔 (Contains 青)
• 𭨇 (Contains 靑)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 910, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26997
• Dae Jaweon: page 1336, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3150, character 11
• Unihan data for U+7CBE

• Unihan data for U+FA1D

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 精
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (生) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
猜	*sʰlɯː
輤	*sʰleːns
綪	*sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ
倩	*sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs
棈	*sʰleːns
蒨	*sʰeːns
篟	*sʰeːns
生	*sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs
牲	*sreŋ
笙	*sreŋ
甥	*sreŋ
鉎	*sreŋ, *sleːŋ
珄	*sreŋ
鼪	*sreŋ, *sreŋs
猩	*sreŋ, *seːŋ
狌	*sreŋ
眚	*sreŋʔ
貹	*sreŋs
崝	*zreːŋ
精	*ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs
菁	*ʔsleŋ
鶄	*ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
蜻	*ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
鼱	*ʔsleŋ
婧	*ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ
睛	*ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ
箐	*ʔsleŋ
聙	*ʔsleŋ
旌	*ʔsleŋ
清	*sʰleŋ
圊	*sʰleŋ
請	*sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ
凊	*sʰleŋs
䝼	*zleŋs, *zleŋ
靚	*zleŋs
情	*zleŋ
晴	*zleŋ
夝	*zleŋ
靜	*zleŋʔ
靖	*zleŋʔ
睲	*seŋʔ, *seːŋs
惺	*seŋʔ, *seːŋ
性	*sleŋs
姓	*sleŋs
靗	*l̥ʰeŋs
鯖	*ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ
青	*sʰleːŋ
靘	*sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs
掅	*sʰleːŋs
胜	*sleːŋ
曐	*sleːŋ
星	*sleːŋ
鮏	*sleːŋ
腥	*seːŋ, *seːŋs
鯹	*seːŋ
醒	*seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs
篂	*seːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs): semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ) – polished rice.

Etymology

Probably related to 晶 (OC *ʔsleŋ, “brilliant; crystal”).

Pronunciation 1

trad.		精
simp. #		精
2nd round simp.		𰪱

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): jīng (jing¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jin¹

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): jǐng

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): жин (řin, I)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zing¹ / zeng¹

  (Dongguan, Jyutping++): zeang¹ / zoeng¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): den¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): jin¹ / jiang¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chîn

  (Hailu, HRS): zin^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): jin¹ / jiang¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): jing¹ / ji¹
• Northern Min (KCR): céng
• Eastern Min (BUC): cĭng / ciăng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zing¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chiⁿ / chiaⁿ / cheng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zêng¹ / zian¹

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): jing¹ / jia¹

• Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): zang¹
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹cin / ¹tsin
  • (Jinhua): ¹tsin
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jin¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jīng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jing
    • Wade–Giles: ching¹
    • Yale: jīng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing
    • Palladius: цзин (czin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: jin¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gin
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: jǐng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ²¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: жин (řin, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐiŋ²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zing¹ / zeng¹
    • Yale: jīng / jēng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzing¹ / dzeng¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: jing¹ / zéng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sɛːŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• zing1 - literary;
• zeng1 - vernacular (“smart; clever”).

• • (Dongguan, Guancheng)
    • Jyutping++: zeang¹ / zoeng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡səŋ²¹³/, /t͡søŋ²¹³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: den¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ten³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: jin¹ / jiang¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁴²/, /t͡ɕiaŋ⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chîn
    • Hakka Romanization System: jin^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: jin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sin²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: zin^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sin⁵³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: jin¹ / jiang¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕin⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕiaŋ⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: jing¹ / ji¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiŋ¹¹/, /t͡ɕi¹¹/
Note: ji1 - in 精明.
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: céng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡seiŋ⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cĭng / ciăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡siaŋ⁵⁵/
Note:
• cĭng - literary;
• ciăng - vernacular.
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: zing¹
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: zing¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ⁵⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tsinn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cvy
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an): /t͡sĩ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sĩ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tsiann
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cviaf
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siã⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an): /t͡siã³³/
    • IPA (Zhangpu): /t͡siã⁵⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng
    • Tâi-lô: tsing
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zefng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡siɪŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangpu): /t͡sɛŋ⁵⁵/
Note:
• chiⁿ - vernacular (“demon (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan); clever (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan))”;
• chiaⁿ - vernacular (“demon (Zhangzhou, Taiwan); clever (Zhangzhou); lean”);
• cheng - literary (“essence; demon (Taiwan); seminal fluid; clever; accurate”).
• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zêng¹ / zian¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tseng / tsiaⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡seŋ³³/, /t͡sĩã³³/
Note:
• zêng1 - literary;
• zian1 - vernacular (“demon; lean”).
• • (Leizhou)
    • Leizhou Pinyin: jing¹ / jia¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡siŋ³⁵/, /t͡sia³⁵/
Note:
• jing1 - literary;
• jia1 - vernacular.
• Southern Pinghua
  • (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
    • Jyutping++: zang¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡səŋ⁵³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Chongming, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ¹cin
    • MiniDict: cin^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕin⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /t͡ɕin⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡ɕin³³⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵²/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵²/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³/
  • (Northern: Jiading, Songjiang, Suzhou, Changzhou)
    • Wugniu: ¹tsin
    • MiniDict: tsin^平
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /t͡siŋ⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /t͡siŋ⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sin⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ¹tsin
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /t͡siŋ³³⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: jin¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsjeng

Rime
Character	精
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	清 (121)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	子盈切
Baxter	tsjeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siᴇŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡siɛŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡siæŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡siajŋ/
Li Rong	/t͡siɛŋ/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭɛŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡si̯ɛŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zing1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tseŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsleŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	精
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsjeng ›
Old Chinese	/*tseŋ/
English	fine rice; pure
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	精
Reading #	1/2
No.	11327
Phonetic component	生
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	精
Old Chinese	/*ʔsleŋ/

Definitions

精

1. essence; concentrate; extract

   酒精  ―  jiǔjīng  ―  alcohol; ethanol

2. spirit; energy; vigor

   精疲力竭  ―  jīngpílìjié  ―  exhausted

   • 故上悖日月之明，下爍山川之精，中墮四時之施，惴耎之蟲，肖翹之物，莫不失其性。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     故上悖日月之明，下烁山川之精，中堕四时之施，惴耎之虫，肖翘之物，莫不失其性。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Gù shàng bèi rìyuè zhī míng, xià shuò shānchuān zhī jīng, zhōng duò sìshí zhī shī, zhuìnuò zhī chóng, xiàoqiào zhī wù, mòbù shī qí xìng. [Pinyin]

     It is just as if, above, the brightness of the sun and moon were darkened; as if, beneath, the productive vigour of the hills and streams were dried up; and as if, between, the operation of the four seasons were brought to an end: in which case there would not be a single weak and wriggling insect, nor any plant that grows up, which would not lose its proper nature.

3. demon; goblin; spirit

   妖精  ―  yāojīng  ―  magical creature or being

4. seminal fluid; semen; sperm; seed

   受精  ―  shòujīng  ―  fertilization

5. (traditional Chinese medicine) jing (dense essence stored in the kidneys that is the material basis for the physical body)

   精氣／精气  ―  jīngqì  ―  vital substance which maintains body function

6. to be skilled; to be proficient; to be expert

   精於繪畫／精于绘画  ―  jīngyú huìhuà  ―  to be proficient in painting

7. perfect; excellent

   精良  ―  jīngliáng  ―  of superior quality; excellent

8. refined; picked; choice

   精米  ―  jīngmǐ  ―  refined rice

   精兵  ―  jīngbīng  ―  elite troops

9. exquisite; meticulous; fine; precise

   精密  ―  jīngmì  ―  precise

   這瓷器的手工很精。 [MSC, trad.]
   这瓷器的手工很精。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhè cíqì de shǒugōng hěn jīng. [Pinyin]

   The workmanship of the porcelain is very exquisite.

10. smart; clever; sharp; shrewd

    你以為你能玩兒得過他？他可精了。誰算計誰還不一定呢！ [MSC, trad.]
    你以为你能玩儿得过他？他可精了。谁算计谁还不一定呢！ [MSC, simp.]

    Nǐ yǐwéi nǐ néng wánr de guò tā? Tā kě jīng le. Shéi suànji shéi hái bùyīdìng ne! [Pinyin]

    You think you could defeat him? He is witted and alert. That who's going to set whom up is not certain yet!

    做廣告做得好精 [Cantonese, trad.]
    做广告做得好精 [Cantonese, simp.]

    zou⁶ gwong² gou³ zou⁶ dak¹ hou² zeng¹ [Jyutping]

    runs crafty advertisements

11. (dialectal) extremely; very (before certain adjectives)

    精瘦  ―  jīng shòu  ―  extremely thin

    叫雨淋了個精濕 [MSC, trad.]
    叫雨淋了个精湿 [MSC, simp.]

    jiào yǔ lín le ge jīng shī [Pinyin]

    got made extremely wet by the rain

12. (dialectal, of meat) lean

    Alternative form: 腈

    • 2000, 梁左 and 梁欢, 闲人马大姐, episode 2, 李建华 (actor):

      哦，合着吃饭有你干活没你啊。吃饭挑大碗，干活净偷懒。吃肉挑精的，干活挑轻的。光吃不干，偷懒装蒜。 [Beijing Mandarin, simp.]
      哦，合著吃飯有你幹活沒你啊。吃飯挑大碗，幹活淨偷懶。吃肉挑精的，幹活挑輕的。光吃不幹，偷懶裝蒜。 [Beijing Mandarin, trad.]

      Ò, hé zhe chī fàn yǒu nǐ gàn huór méi nǐ a. Chī fàn tiāo dà wǎnr, gàn huór jìng tōulǎnr. Chī ròu tiāo jīng de, gàn huór tiāo qīng de. Guāng chī bù gàn, tōulǎnr zhuāngsuàn. [Pinyin]

      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

13. (Cantonese) Suffix used to describe person with a negative attribute

    大話精／大话精 [Cantonese]  ―  daai⁶ waa⁶ zing¹ [Jyutping]  ―  liar

    馬騮精／马骝精 [Cantonese]  ―  maa⁵ lau^4-1 zing¹ [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

14. (Hokkien, derogatory) suffix indicating a kind of person

    宿精 [Hokkien]  ―  sek-chiⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  intelligent and sly

15. (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) accurate; exact; precise
16. (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 精 (MC tsjeng)
17. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) polished rice
18. bare; empty

    • 我精拳頭有一雙相送！ [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
      我精拳头有一双相送！ [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

      From: Shi Nai'an, Water Margin, circa 14^th century CE

      Wǒ jīng quántóu yǒu yī shuāng xiāngsòng! [Pinyin]

      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

19. all; entirely; fully

    • 將些衣服、金珠、首飾，一擄精空。 [MSC, trad.]
      将些衣服、金珠、首饰，一掳精空。 [MSC, simp.]

      Jiāng xiē yīfú, jīnzhū, shǒushì, yī lǔ jīng kōng. [Pinyin]

      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

20. a surname
21. alternative form of 睛
22. alternative form of 菁 (jīng)
23. alternative form of 晶 (jīng)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 精液 (“semen”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		精
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		精液
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	精液, 㞞
	Taiwan	精液, 洨, 精
	Harbin	㞞, 雞巴湯兒
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	㞞
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	㞞, 精
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	㞞
	Wanrong	㞞
	Xi'an	㞞
	Xining	㞞
	Xuzhou	㞞
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	㞞
	Lanzhou	㞞
	Ürümqi	㞞
	Jimsar	㞞
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	精水, 精液, 頭兒油, 化豬油, 豬油
	Wuhan	漿
	Guiyang	精水
	Liuzhou	精水
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	㞞
	Yangzhou	㞞
Cantonese	Guangzhou	𨳍水
	Hong Kong	精液, 精
	Zhongshan (Xiaolan)	鳩瘍
	Zhongshan (Sanjiao)	𡳞瘍
	Zhongshan (Tanzhou)	鳩屎
	Zhongshan (Tanggan, Sanxiang)	鳩屎
	Dongguan	精液
	Shaoguan	精水
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	𨳍水
	Nanning	𨳍水, 炮油
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	精液
Gan	Lichuan	精
Hakka	Meixian	𡳞屎
	Xingning	𡳞屎
	Dabu (Xihe)	精液, 𡳞屎
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	𡳞屎
	Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua)	𡳞屎
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	𡳞屎, 潲
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	𡳞屎
	Wuhua (Changbu)	𡳞屎
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	𡳞屎, 潲水
	Jiexi	𡳞屎
	Changting	淫
	Longyan (Yongding)	潲
	Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding)	精子
	Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding)	潲膏
	Liancheng (Juxi)	脧仁
	Liancheng (Laiyuan)	精
	Yudu	卵屎
	Ruijin	卵屎
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	潲
	Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian)	潲
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian)	潲
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	潲
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	精水
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	潲
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	精水
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	𡳞屎
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	𡳞屎
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	𡳞屎
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping)	潲
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	潲
	Hong Kong	𡳞屎
	Kuala Lumpur (Dabu)	精液
	Senai (Huiyang)	𡳞屎
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	潲
	Bangkok (Meixian)	𡳞屎
	Bangkok (Fengshun)	𡳞屎
Huizhou	Jixi	㞞, 鳥漿
	Shexian	㞞
	Huangshan (Tunxi)	精, 㞞
Jin	Taiyuan	精液
	Pingyao	㞞
	Xinzhou	㞞, 㞞糊子
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	精
Southern Min	Xiamen	潲
	Quanzhou	潲
	Zhangzhou	潲
	Zhao'an	潲
	Taipei	潲
	Taipei (Wanhua)	潲
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	潲
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	潲
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	潲
	Kaohsiung	潲
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	潲
	Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)	潲
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	潲
	Kaohsiung (Tianliao)	潲
	Yilan	潲
	Yilan (Luodong)	潲
	Yilan (Toucheng)	潲, 精水
	Changhua (Lukang)	潲
	Taichung	潲
	Taichung (Wuqi)	潲
	Tainan	潲, 精水
	Tainan (Anping)	潲
	Taitung	精
	Hsinchu	潲
	Kinmen	潲
	Penghu (Magong)	潲
	Penghu (Xiyu)	潲
	Penang (Hokkien)	潲
	Singapore (Hokkien)	潲
	Manila (Hokkien)	潲
	Longyan	潲
	Chaozhou	潲
	Jieyang	潲
	Haifeng	潲, 潲水
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	精
	Wenchang	精
	Haikou	精
Puxian Min	Putian	𡳞屎, 𡳞液
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	𡳞屎
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	𡳞屎
	Xianyou	𡳞屎, 𡳞液, 精
	Xianyou (Fengting)	精
	Xianyou (Youyang)	精
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	精, 𨳍水
Wu	Shanghai	精, 白脫油, 白脫
	Shanghai (Chongming)	㞞
	Suzhou	精
	Danyang	㞞
	Hangzhou	㞞, 陽水
	Ningbo	卵漿, 漿水
	Wenzhou	頹漿
	Jinhua	㞞
Xiang	Changsha	卵漿, 精子
	Xiangxiang	卵射漿, 精液
	Loudi	卵水, 水, 漿, 烏龜尿

Dialectal synonyms of 聰明 (“clever; intelligent; smart; bright”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		聰明, 伶俐, 聰敏, 聰穎
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		聰明, 機靈, 伶俐, 聰敏, 聰穎, 聰慧
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	聰明
	Taiwan	聰明
	Malaysia	聰明
	Singapore	聰明
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	聰明
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	靈, 靈醒
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	精靈, 聰明
	Wuhan	聰明
	Guilin	聰明
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	聰明
	Hefei	聰明
Cantonese	Guangzhou	聰明, 醒, 醒目, 叻, 精
	Hong Kong	聰明, 醒, 醒目, 叻, 精
	Taishan	聰明, 叻, 參
	Kaiping (Chikan)	叻
	Yangjiang	伶俐, 叻
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	精, 扮𠮨
	Singapore (Guangfu)	聰明, 精, 叻, 醒目, 扮𠮨
Gan	Nanchang	精靈, 聰明
Hakka	Meixian	聰明, 機靈
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	聰明
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	聰明
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	聰明
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	聰明, 精
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	聰明, 精
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	聰明
	Kuching (Hepo)	將
Jin	Taiyuan	機靈, 聰明
Northern Min	Jian'ou	聰明
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	聰明
Southern Min	Xiamen	聰明, 伶俐
	Quanzhou	聰明, 骨, 骨鳥 derogatory, 伶俐
	Zhangzhou	聰明, 伶俐
	Taipei	聰明, 巧, 明白
	Singapore (Hokkien)	聰明, 𠢕, 勥, 醒目, 巧
	Manila (Hokkien)	巧, 勥, 𠢕
	Chaozhou	聰明
	Singapore (Teochew)	聰明
	Wenchang	精
	Singapore (Hainanese)	精
Wu	Suzhou	聰明
	Ningbo	聰明
	Wenzhou	靈, 聰明
Xiang	Changsha	靈泛, 聰明
	Shuangfeng	聰明

Dialectal synonyms of 瘦 (“lean (meat)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		瘦
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	瘦
	Taiwan	瘦
	Harbin	瘦
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	瘦
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	瘦
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	瘦
	Wanrong	瘦
	Xi'an	瘦
	Xining	瘦
	Xuzhou	瘦
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	瘦
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	瘦
	Wuhan	瘦
	Guiyang	瘦
	Guilin	瘦
	Liuzhou	瘦
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	瘦
	Yangzhou	瘦
	Hefei	精
Cantonese	Guangzhou	瘦
	Hong Kong	瘦
	Dongguan	瘦
	Yangjiang	瘦
Gan	Nanchang	瘦, 精
	Lichuan	精
	Pingxiang	精
Hakka	Meixian	精
	Yudu	精
Huizhou	Jixi	精
Jin	Taiyuan	瘦
Northern Min	Jian'ou	瘦
	Songxi	瘦
	Jianyang	瘦
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	㾪
	Fuqing	㾪
	Gutian	㾪
	Ningde	赤
	Zhouning	㾪
	Fuding	赤
Southern Min	Xiamen	精, 赤
	Quanzhou	精
	Yongchun	精, 赤
	Zhangzhou	赤
	Singapore (Hokkien)	精, 赤
	Longyan	精
	Datian	㾪
	Chaozhou	精
Puxian Min	Putian	精
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	精
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	赤, 精
	Xianyou	烏, 赤
	Xianyou (Fengting)	烏, 赤
	Xianyou (Youyang)	烏, 赤
Central Min	Yong'an	瘦
	Sanming (Shaxian)	瘦
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	瘦
Wu	Shanghai	精
	Suzhou	精
	Danyang	精
	Ningbo	精
	Wenzhou	精
	Jinhua	精
Xiang	Changsha	瘦, 精
	Loudi	精
	Shuangfeng	瘦, 精

Compounds

• 三精
• 不大精采
• 人工受精 (réngōng shòujīng)
• 元精
• 兵精將勇 / 兵精将勇 (bīng jīng jiàng yǒng)
• 兵精糧足 / 兵精粮足
• 兵精馬壯 / 兵精马壮
• 勇猛精進 / 勇猛精进
• 勵精圖治 / 励精图治 (lìjīngtúzhì)
• 勵精求治 / 励精求治
• 博大精深 (bódàjīngshēn)
• 博而不精 (bó'érbùjīng)
• 厲精 / 厉精
• 厲精圖治 / 厉精图治
• 厲精更始 / 厉精更始
• 厲精求治 / 厉精求治
• 去粗取精 (qùcūqǔjīng)
• 受精 (shòujīng)
• 受精卵 (shòujīngluǎn)
• 取精用弘
• 古怪精靈 / 古怪精灵
• 古靈精怪 / 古灵精怪 (gǔlíngjīngguài)
• 味精 (wèijīng)
• 團隊精神 / 团队精神 (tuánduì jīngshén)
• 地精 (dìjīng)
• 天地精華 / 天地精华
• 奶精 (nǎijīng)
• 妖精 (yāojīng)
• 害人精 (hàirénjīng)
• 射精 (shèjīng)
• 射精管 (shèjīngguǎn)
• 專精 / 专精
• 專精覃思 / 专精覃思
• 小妖精 (xiǎoyāojīng)
• 小精靈 / 小精灵
• 山精木客
• 弄精神
• 弄精細 / 弄精细
• 弄精魂
• 微言精義 / 微言精义
• 惟精惟一
• 成精
• 成精作怪
• 打起精神
• 抖搜精神 (dǒusōujīngshén)
• 抖擻精神 / 抖擞精神 (dǒusǒujīngshén)
• 拆家精
• 拖漢精 / 拖汉精
• 揀精揀肥 / 拣精拣肥
• 摩羅精神 / 摩罗精神
• 攪家精 / 搅家精
• 放精神著
• 敬業精神 / 敬业精神
• 日精 (rìjīng)
• 日精月華 / 日精月华
• 時代精神 / 时代精神 (shídài jīngshén)
• 月精
• 木精 (mùjīng)
• 業精於勤 / 业精于勤
• 業精於勤，荒於嬉 / 业精于勤，荒于嬉 (yè jīng yú qín, huāng yú xī)
• 構精 / 构精
• 樟腦精 / 樟脑精
• 殫精極思 / 殚精极思
• 殫精極慮 / 殚精极虑
• 殫精畢力 / 殚精毕力
• 殫精畢思 / 殚精毕思
• 殫精竭力 / 殚精竭力
• 殫精竭慮 / 殚精竭虑 (dānjīngjiélǜ)
• 民族精神
• 水精
• 水精簾 / 水精帘
• 沒精打彩 / 没精打彩 (méijīngdǎcǎi)
• 沒精打采 (méijīngdǎcǎi)
• 洗碗精 (xǐwǎnjīng)
• 流精 (liújīng)
• 洗髮精 / 洗发精 (xǐfàjīng)
• 漏精
• 澄澹精致
• 灌精兒 / 灌精儿
• 炎精
• 炎精之數 / 炎精之数
• 炭精
• 炭精棒
• 炭精筆 / 炭精笔
• 炭精紙 / 炭精纸
• 無一不精 / 无一不精
• 無精打采 (wújīngdǎcǎi)
• 煤精 (méijīng)
• 熟精
• 熟讀精思 / 熟读精思
• 父精母血
• 狐狸精 (húlijīng)
• 玉精
• 目精
• 短小精悍 (duǎnxiǎo jīnghàn)
• 矮小精悍
• 研深覃精
• 研精苦思
• 研精覃奧 / 研精覃奥
• 研精覃思
• 研精鉤深 / 研精钩深
• 研精靜慮 / 研精静虑
• 祇洹精舍
• 科學精神 / 科学精神 (kēxué jīngshén)
• 立國精神 / 立国精神
• 立論精宏 / 立论精宏
• 筆精 / 笔精
• 精一
• 精伶
• 精光 (jīngguāng)
• 精兵 (jīngbīng)
• 精兵猛將 / 精兵猛将
• 精切
• 精刊本
• 精到 (jīngdào)
• 精力 (jīnglì)
• 精力充沛
• 精力過人 / 精力过人
• 精勤
• 精品 (jīngpǐn)
• 精囊 (jīngnáng)
• 精堅 / 精坚
• 精壯 / 精壮 (jīngzhuàng)
• 精夫
• 精奇古怪
• 精奇里江 (Jīngqílǐ Jiāng)
• 精奧 / 精奥
• 精妙 (jīngmiào)
• 精妙入神
• 精妙絕倫 / 精妙绝伦
• 精子 (jīngzǐ)
• 精密 (jīngmì)
• 精密度 (jīngmìdù)
• 精密陶瓷
• 精富
• 精審 / 精审
• 精巢 (jīngcháo)
• 精工 (jīnggōng)
• 精巧 (jīngqiǎo)
• 精幹 / 精干 (jīnggàn)
• 精度 (jīngdù)
• 精廬 / 精庐
• 精彩 (jīngcǎi)
• 精彩生動 / 精彩生动
• 精彩逼人
• 精微 (jīngwēi)
• 精心 (jīngxīn)
• 精心傑作 / 精心杰作
• 精忠 (Jīngzhōng)
• 精忠報國 / 精忠报国
• 精忠旗
• 精忠柏
• 精怪 (jīngguài)
• 精悍 (jīnghàn)
• 精悟玄鑒 / 精悟玄鉴
• 精悍短小
• 精懇 / 精恳
• 精手 (Hainanese)
• 精打細算 / 精打细算 (jīngdǎxìsuàn)
• 精抄本
• 精挑細選 / 精挑细选 (jīngtiāoxìxuǎn)
• 精敏
• 精明 (jīngmíng)
• 精明幹練 / 精明干练
• 精明強幹 / 精明强干
• 精明能幹 / 精明能干
• 精晃晃
• 精曉 / 精晓
• 精核 (jīnghé)
• 精氣 / 精气 (jīngqì)
• 精氣神 / 精气神 (jīngqìshén)
• 精油 (jīngyóu)
• 精液 (jīngyè)
• 精深 (jīngshēn)
• 精湛 (jīngzhàn)
• 精準 / 精准 (jīngzhǔn)
• 精潔 / 精洁
• 精煉 / 精炼 (jīngliàn)
• 精熟
• 精爽
• 精牲 (cheng-seⁿ) (Min Nan)
• 精當 / 精当 (jīngdàng)
• 精疲力盡 / 精疲力尽 (jīngpílìjìn)
• 精疲力竭 (jīngpílìjié)
• 精白
• 精益求精 (jīngyìqiújīng)
• 精省 (jīng shěng)
• 精研 (jīngyán)
• 精確 / 精确 (jīngquè)
• 精神
• 精神分析 (jīngshén fēnxī)
• 精神可嘉
• 精神外遇
• 精神奕奕 (jīngshényìyì)
• 精神恍惚
• 精神感召
• 精神抖擻 / 精神抖擞 (jīngshéndǒusǒu)
• 精神文化
• 精神文明 (jīngshén wénmíng)
• 精神渙散 / 精神涣散
• 精神滿腹 / 精神满腹
• 精神煥發 / 精神焕发 (jīngshénhuànfā)
• 精神生活 (jīngshén shēnghuó)
• 精神病 (jīngshénbìng)
• 精神缺陷 (jīngshén quēxiàn)
• 精神醫學 / 精神医学 (jīngshén yīxué)
• 精神錯亂 / 精神错乱 (jīngshén cuòluàn)
• 精神錦標 / 精神锦标
• 精空
• 精算師 / 精算师 (jīngsuànshī)
• 精簡 / 精简 (jīngjiǎn)
• 精米機 / 精米机
• 精粗
• 精粹 (jīngcuì)
• 精索 (jīngsuǒ)
• 精純 / 精纯
• 精細 / 精细 (jīngxì)
• 精細胞 / 精细胞 (jīngxìbāo)
• 精絕 / 精绝
• 精緻 / 精致 (jīngzhì)
• 精練 / 精练 (jīngliàn)
• 精美 (jīngměi)
• 精美絕倫 / 精美绝伦
• 精義 / 精义 (jīngyì)
• 精義入神 / 精义入神
• 精耕
• 精耕細作 / 精耕细作
• 精肉 (jīngròu)
• 精舍 (jīngshè)
• 精良 (jīngliáng)
• 精芒
• 精英 (jīngyīng)
• 精英樹 / 精英树
• 精華 / 精华 (jīnghuá)
• 精蟲 / 精虫 (jīngchóng)
• 精血
• 精衛 / 精卫 (jīngwèi)
• 精衛填海 / 精卫填海 (jīngwèitiánhǎi)
• 精裝 / 精装 (jīngzhuāng)
• 精裝本 / 精装本 (jīngzhuāngběn)
• 精製 / 精制 (jīngzhì)
• 精覈
• 精誠 / 精诚 (jīngchéng)
• 精誠團結 / 精诚团结
• 精誠貫日 / 精诚贯日
• 精讀 / 精读 (jīngdú)
• 精貫白日 / 精贯白日
• 精赤條條 / 精赤条条
• 精通 (jīngtōng)
• 精進 / 精进 (jīngjìn)
• 精選 / 精选 (jīngxuǎn)
• 精采 (jīngcǎi)
• 精采絕倫 / 精采绝伦
• 精金百煉 / 精金百炼
• 精金美玉
• 精金良玉
• 精銀響鈔 / 精银响钞
• 精銳 / 精锐 (jīngruì)
• 精鍊 / 精炼 (jīngliàn)
• 精闢 / 精辟 (jīngpì)
• 精雕細刻 / 精雕细刻
• 精雕細琢 / 精雕细琢
• 精雕細鏤 / 精雕细镂
• 精靈 / 精灵 (jīnglíng)
• 精靈古怪 / 精灵古怪
• 精靈論 / 精灵论
• 精靈鬼 / 精灵鬼
• 精餾 / 精馏
• 精髓 (jīngsuǐ)
• 精鬆 / 精松
• 精鳥賬 / 精鸟账
• 精鹽 / 精盐 (jīngyán)
• 糊精 (hújīng)
• 糖精 (tángjīng)
• 老妖精
• 聚精會神 / 聚精会神 (jùjīnghuìshén)
• 自花受精
• 臺灣精品 / 台湾精品
• 良玉精金
• 芬多精 (fēnduōjīng)
• 芙蓉之精
• 茶精油
• 蒜球精
• 蓄精蓄銳 / 蓄精蓄锐
• 薄荷精
• 藏精器
• 蘇木精 / 苏木精 (sūmùjīng)
• 蘿蔔精 / 萝卜精
• 蛋黃精 / 蛋黄精
• 補精神 / 补精神
• 見精識精 / 见精识精
• 親愛精誠 / 亲爱精诚
• 變性酒精 / 变性酒精
• 費盡精神 / 费尽精神
• 貯精囊 / 贮精囊
• 赤條精光 / 赤条精光
• 走精面 (zau² zeng¹ min^6-2) (Cantonese)
• 輸精管 / 输精管 (shūjīngguǎn)
• 運動精神 / 运动精神
• 遺精 / 遗精 (yíjīng)
• 遺精夢泄 / 遗精梦泄
• 酒精 (jiǔjīng)
• 酒精中毒 (jiǔjīng zhòngdú)
• 酒精燈 / 酒精灯 (jiǔjīngdēng)
• 金精
• 開國精神 / 开国精神
• 陰精 / 阴精
• 雄精
• 雞精 / 鸡精 (jījīng)
• 雲精 / 云精
• 響鈔精銀 / 响钞精银
• 頤精養神 / 颐精养神
• 頤養精神 / 颐养精神
• 養漢精 / 养汉精
• 養精蓄銳 / 养精蓄锐 (yǎngjīngxùruì)
• 香精 (xiāngjīng)
• 香草精 (xiāngcǎojīng)
• 馬屁精 / 马屁精 (mǎpìjīng)
• 體內受精 / 体内受精
• 體外受精 / 体外受精 (tǐwài shòujīng)
• 體大思精 / 体大思精
• 鬼精
• 鬼精靈 / 鬼精灵
• 鬼靈精 / 鬼灵精
• 鬼靈精兒 / 鬼灵精儿
• 鰻精 / 鳗精
• 麥精 / 麦精
• 黃精 / 黄精 (huángjīng)
• 龍馬精神 / 龙马精神 (lóngmǎjīngshén)

Pronunciation 2

trad.		精
simp. #		精

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jìng (jing⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jìng
    • Wade–Giles: ching⁴
    • Yale: jìng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
    • Palladius: цзин (czin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

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• Middle Chinese: tsjengH

Rime
Character	精
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	清 (121)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	子姓切
Baxter	tsjengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siᴇŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡siɛŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡siæŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡siajŋH/
Li Rong	/t͡siɛŋH/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭɛŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡si̯ɛŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zing3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsleŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	精
Reading #	2/2
No.	11337
Phonetic component	生
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	精
Old Chinese	/*ʔsleŋs/

Definitions

精

1. (historical dictionaries only) strong

Pronunciation 3

trad.		精
simp. #		精

For pronunciation and definitions of 精 – see 晴 (“clear; fine; cloudless; to stop; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 晴).

References

• “精”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “精”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 270.
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “精”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 112.