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積
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: 积
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Translingual
Han character
積 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+11, 16 strokes, cangjie input 竹木手一金 (HDQMC), four-corner 25986, composition ⿰禾責)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 859, character 24
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25266
- Dae Jaweon: page 1285, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2626, character 16
- Unihan data for U+7A4D
Chinese
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔseɡs, *ʔseɡ): semantic 禾 + phonetic 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ).
Etymology
- (to collect; to accumulate): Cognate with Tibetan རྩིག་པ (rtsig pa) (Schuessler, 2007).
- (jack; knave, to jack): From English jack.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zik1
- (Dongguan, Jyutping++): zeak7
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): det2
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jieh4
- Northern Min (KCR): cĭ
- Eastern Min (BUC): cék
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zih6
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): zik2
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ji6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jī
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ji
- Wade–Giles: chi1
- Yale: jī
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
- Palladius: цзи (czi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: jǐ
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Jyutping: zik1
- Yale: jīk
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzik7
- Guangdong Romanization: jig1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɪk̚⁵/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: zeak7
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sək̚⁴⁴/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: det2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tet̚⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chit
- Hakka Romanization System: jidˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: jid5
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sit̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: zid
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sit⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jieh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cĭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡si²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cék
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɛiʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zih6
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cih
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zih6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siʔ²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chek
- Tâi-lô: tsik
- Phofsit Daibuun: zeg
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiak
- Tâi-lô: tsiak
- Phofsit Daibuun: ciag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit
- Tâi-lô: tsit
- Phofsit Daibuun: cid
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sit̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
Note:
- chek - literary (“to accumulate; to store up; to suffer from indigestion”);
- chiak - literary (“to suffer from indigestion”);
- chit - vernacular (“to accumulate; to store up; to suffer from indigestion”).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: zêh4 / zêg4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tseh / tsek
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡seʔ²/, /t͡sek̚²/
- (Teochew)
- zêh4 - vernacular;
- zêg4 - literary.
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: zik2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɪk̚³³/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
- Wugniu: 7ciq
- MiniDict: cih入
- MiniDict: cieh入
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 4jiq
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /t͡ɕieʔ⁴⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/
- (Northern: Jiading, Suzhou, Kunshan, Changzhou)
- (Northern: Songjiang)
- (Northern: Chongming)
- (Jinhua)
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: ji6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi²⁴/
- (Changsha)
Note:
- Middle Chinese: tsjek, tsjeH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ek/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔseɡ/, /*ʔseɡs/
Definitions
積
- to store up crops; to store cereal crops
- to accumulate; to amass; to store; to gather
- to hold in store; to store up (for future use); to be latent
- to stagnate; to become stagnant
- to add up; to sum up to
- accumulated goods
- (traditional Chinese medicine) indigestion
- (mathematics) short for 乘積／乘积 (chéngjī, “product (in a multiplication)”)
- long-standing; long
- habitual; inveterate
- sixtieth (60th) tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "accumulation" (𝍁)
- (Cantonese, card games) jack; knave (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
- (Cantonese) alternative form of 唧 (“jack; to jack”)
- (Hokkien) to suffer from indigestion (of children)
- 食積／食积 [Hokkien] ― si̍t-chek [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to suffer from indigestion
- (archaic) alternative form of 漬 / 渍 (zì, “to soak”)
- (archaic) alternative form of 績 / 绩 (jì, “achievement”)
- (archaic) alternative form of 迹 (jì, “movement”)
Synonyms
- (jack):
Compounds
- 一積 / 一积
- 乘積 / 乘积 (chéngjī)
- 交積 / 交积
- 儲積 / 储积
- 儹積 / 𰃆积
- 公積金 / 公积金 (gōngjījīn)
- 卷積雲 / 卷积云 (juǎnjīyún)
- 厝火積薪 / 厝火积薪 (cuòhuǒjīxīn)
- 囊螢積雪 / 囊萤积雪
- 囤積 / 囤积 (túnjī)
- 囤積居奇 / 囤积居奇 (túnjījūqí)
- 地積 / 地积
- 垛積 / 垛积
- 堆積 / 堆积 (duījī)
- 堆積如山 / 堆积如山 (duījīrúshān)
- 堆積平原 / 堆积平原
- 堆金積玉 / 堆金积玉
- 奶積 / 奶积
- 委積 / 委积
- 容積 / 容积 (róngjī)
- 容積率 / 容积率 (róngjīlǜ)
- 寸積銖累 / 寸积铢累
- 居積 / 居积
- 層積法 / 层积法
- 層積雲 / 层积云 (céngjīyún)
- 屯積 / 屯积 (túnjī)
- 屯積居奇 / 屯积居奇 (túnjījūqí)
- 屯糧積草 / 屯粮积草
- 山積 / 山积 (shānjī)
- 峙積 / 峙积
- 微積分 / 微积分 (wēijīfēn)
- 惡積禍盈 / 恶积祸盈
- 招積 / 招积
- 捏積 / 捏积 (niējī)
- 日積月累 / 日积月累 (rìjīyuèlěi)
- 材積 / 材积 (cáijī)
- 沉積 / 沉积 (chénjī)
- 沖積 / 冲积 (chōngjī)
- 沉積作用 / 沉积作用
- 沖積層 / 冲积层
- 沉積岩 / 沉积岩 (chénjīyán)
- 沖積島 / 冲积岛
- 沖積平原 / 冲积平原 (chōngjī píngyuán)
- 沖積扇 / 冲积扇 (chōngjīshàn)
- 沉積物 / 沉积物 (chénjīwù)
- 洪積世 / 洪积世
- 洪積層 / 洪积层
- 海相沉積 / 海相沉积
- 海積 / 海积
- 淤積 / 淤积 (yūjī)
- 滯積 / 滞积
- 玄圃積玉 / 玄圃积玉
- 疳積 / 疳积 (gānjī)
- 痞積 / 痞积
- 發積 / 发积
- 盈積 / 盈积
- 眾望所積 / 众望所积
- 禍因惡積 / 祸因恶积
- 積不相容 / 积不相容
- 積不相能 / 积不相能 (jībùxiāngnéng)
- 積久 / 积久
- 積久弊生 / 积久弊生
- 積作 / 积作
- 積伶 / 积伶
- 積健為雄 / 积健为雄
- 積儲 / 积储 (jīchǔ)
- 積儹 / 积𰃆 (jīzǎn)
- 積冰 / 积冰
- 積分 / 积分 (jīfēn)
- 積分學 / 积分学
- 積勞 / 积劳
- 積勞成疾 / 积劳成疾 (jīláochéngjí)
- 積勞成病 / 积劳成病
- 積厚流光 / 积厚流光
- 積古 / 积古
- 積善 / 积善 (jīshàn)
- 積善之家，必有餘慶 / 积善之家，必有余庆 (jīshàn zhī jiā, bì yǒu yúqìng)
- 積善餘慶 / 积善余庆
- 積土成山 / 积土成山
- 積垢 / 积垢
- 積壓 / 积压 (jīyā)
- 積壽 / 积寿
- 積威 / 积威
- 積存 / 积存 (jīcún)
- 積小成大 / 积小成大
- 積少成多 / 积少成多 (jīshǎochéngduō)
- 積年 / 积年 (jīnián)
- 積年累月 / 积年累月
- 積弊 / 积弊 (jībì)
- 積弱 / 积弱 (jīruò)
- 積弱不振 / 积弱不振
- 積微成著 / 积微成著
- 積德 / 积德 (jīdé)
- 積德累仁 / 积德累仁
- 積德累功 / 积德累功
- 積怨 / 积怨 (jīyuàn)
- 積怒 / 积怒
- 積惡 / 积恶 (jī'è)
- 積惡餘殃 / 积恶余殃
- 積慮 / 积虑
- 積憂成疾 / 积忧成疾
- 積憤 / 积愤
- 積攢 / 积攒 (jīzǎn)
- 積木 / 积木 (jīmù)
- 積案 / 积案 (jī'àn)
- 積案如山 / 积案如山
- 積極 / 积极 (jījí)
- 積極分子 / 积极分子 (jījí fènzǐ)
- 積極性 / 积极性 (jījíxìng)
- 積欠 / 积欠
- 積毀銷骨 / 积毁销骨
- 積水 / 积水 (jīshuǐ)
- 積水成淵 / 积水成渊
- 積沙成塔 / 积沙成塔
- 積泊 / 积泊
- 積淤 / 积淤
- 積滿 / 积满
- 積漸 / 积渐
- 積澱 / 积淀 (jīdiàn)
- 積玉堆金 / 积玉堆金
- 積玉橋 / 积玉桥 (Jīyùqiáo)
- 積理練識 / 积理练识
- 積甲山齊 / 积甲山齐
- 積祖 / 积祖
- 積穀 / 积谷
- 積穀防饑 / 积谷防饥 (jīgǔfángjī)
- 積素 / 积素
- 積累 / 积累 (jīlěi)
- 積累基金 / 积累基金
- 積羽沉舟 / 积羽沉舟
- 積習 / 积习 (jīxí)
- 積習成俗 / 积习成俗
- 積習成常 / 积习成常
- 積習生常 / 积习生常
- 積習難改 / 积习难改 (jīxínángǎi)
- 積聚 / 积聚 (jījù)
- 積肥 / 积肥 (jīféi)
- 積草屯糧 / 积草屯粮
- 積蓄 / 积蓄 (jīxù)
- 積薪厝火 / 积薪厝火
- 積蠹 / 积蠹
- 積衰新造 / 积衰新造
- 積裡漸裡 / 积里渐里
- 積貯 / 积贮 (jīzhù)
- 積賊 / 积贼
- 積趲 / 积趱 (jīzǎn)
- 積重難返 / 积重难返 (jīzhòngnánfǎn)
- 積金累玉 / 积金累玉
- 積金至斗 / 积金至斗
- 積銖累寸 / 积铢累寸
- 積雨 / 积雨
- 積雨雲 / 积雨云 (jīyǔyún)
- 積雪 / 积雪 (jīxuě)
- 積雪囊螢 / 积雪囊萤
- 積雲 / 积云 (jīyún)
- 積非成是 / 积非成是 (jīfēichéngshì)
- 積願 / 积愿
- 積食 / 积食 (jīshí)
- 積餘 / 积余
- 積體電路 / 积体电路 (jītǐ diànlù)
- 積鬱 / 积郁 (jīyù)
- 積墨 / 积墨
- 累塊積蘇 / 累块积苏
- 累積 / 累积 (lěijī)
- 累積盈餘 / 累积盈余
- 練兵積粟 / 练兵积粟
- 老積 / 老积
- 老積年 / 老积年
- 聚積 / 聚积 (jùjī)
- 聚螢積雪 / 聚萤积雪
- 苦心積慮 / 苦心积虑
- 蓄積 / 蓄积 (xùjī)
- 處心積慮 / 处心积虑 (chǔxīnjīlǜ)
- 行好積德 / 行好积德
- 表面積 / 表面积 (biǎomiànjī)
- 襞積 / 襞积
- 貝積如山 / 贝积如山
- 貯積 / 贮积
- 銖積寸累 / 铢积寸累
- 陸相沉積 / 陆相沉积
- 面積 / 面积 (miànjī)
- 食積 / 食积
- 香積廚 / 香积厨
- 體積 / 体积 (tǐjī)
- 高積雲 / 高积云 (gāojīyún)
- 鬱積 / 郁积 (yùjī)
- 麥積山 / 麦积山
References
- “積”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
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Japanese
Kanji
積
- volume
Readings
Pronunciation
Noun
See also
Korean
Hanja
積 • (jeok, ja) (hangeul 적, 자, revised jeok, ja, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, cha, Yale cek, ca)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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