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只
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
只 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 口金 (RC), four-corner 60800, composition ⿱口八)
- Shuowen Jiezi radical №49
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 172, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3239
- Dae Jaweon: page 383, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 570, character 3
- Unihan data for U+53EA
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Pictogram (象形): airflow coming out of a mouth (口) – a modal particle. Compare 四 and 曰.
Etymology 1
Schuessler (2007) suggests that it is possibly Sino-Tibetan, relating it to Kamarupan ke, kʰe (“one”), which are perhaps related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-kjaŋ (“single”), whence Tibetan རྐྱང (rkyang, “single”), Burmese ချင်း (hkyang:, “single”) and Burmese ချည်း (hkyany:, “alone,only, just”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zi3
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ziit6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): zi2
- Northern Min (KCR): cǐ
- Eastern Min (BUC): cī
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zi3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5tsy; 7tseq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhr3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhǐ
- Zhuyin: ㄓˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐh
- Wade–Giles: chih3
- Yale: jř
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyy
- Palladius: чжи (čži)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: zi3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: z
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zi2
- Yale: jí
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzi2
- Guangdong Romanization: ji2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siː³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: zi2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡si⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ziit6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɨt̚⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ́ / chṳt
- Hakka Romanization System: ziiˋ / ziidˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: zi3 / zid5
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ³¹/, /t͡sɨt̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: zhiˊ / zhid
- Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃi²⁴/, /t͡ʃit⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: zi2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sz̩⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cǐ
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡si²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cī
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡si³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zi3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cî
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡si⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zi3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡si³³²/
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- Middle Chinese: tsye
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*klje/
Definitions
只
Synonyms
- (only):
Compounds
- 不只 (bùzhǐ)
- 不圖打點，只圖混水 / 不图打点，只图混水
- 不怕官，只怕管 (bùpà guān, zhǐ pà guǎn)
- 不怕縣官，只怕現管 / 不怕县官，只怕现管
- 不管生癬生瘡，我只生癩 / 不管生癣生疮，我只生癞
- 不管講雞講鴨，我只講鵝 / 不管讲鸡讲鸭，我只讲鹅
- 世上無難事，只怕有心人 / 世上无难事，只怕有心人
- 僅只 / 仅只
- 只今 (zhǐjīn)
- 只可
- 只可意會，不可言傳 / 只可意会，不可言传 (zhǐ kě yìhuì, bù kě yánchuán)
- 只合
- 只在 (zhǐzài)
- 只好 (zhǐhǎo)
- 只待 (zhǐdài)
- 只得 (zhǐdé)
- 只怕 (zhǐpà)
- 只教 (zhǐjiào)
- 只是 (zhǐshì)
- 只會 / 只会
- 只有 (zhǐyǒu)
- 只有出的氣，沒有進的氣 / 只有出的气，没有进的气
- 只欠東風 / 只欠东风
- 只此一家，別無分店 / 只此一家，别无分店 (zhǐ cǐ yī jiā, bié wú fēndiàn)
- 只消 (zhǐxiāo)
- 只爭旦夕 / 只争旦夕
- 只甚
- 只當 / 只当
- 只知其一，不知其二
- 只知有己，不知有人
- 只管 (zhǐguǎn)
- 只索
- 只能 (zhǐnéng)
- 只要 (zhǐyào)
- 只要功夫深，鐵杵磨成針 / 只要功夫深，铁杵磨成针 (zhǐyào gōngfu shēn, tiěchǔ mó chéng zhēn)
- 只見 / 只见 (zhǐjiàn)
- 只見樹木，不見森林 / 只见树木，不见森林 (zhǐjiànshùmù, bùjiànsēnlín)
- 只許州官放火，不許百姓點燈 / 只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯 (zhǐ xǔ zhōuguān fànghuǒ, bùxǔ bǎixìng diǎndēng)
- 只認錢不認人 / 只认钱不认人
- 只道
- 只重衣衫不重人
- 只須 / 只须
- 只顧 / 只顾 (zhǐgù)
- 天下無難事，只怕有心人 / 天下无难事，只怕有心人 (tiānxià wú nánshì, zhǐpà yǒuxīnrén)
- 好漢只怕病來磨 / 好汉只怕病来磨
- 弱水三千，只取一瓢飲 / 弱水三千，只取一瓢饮 (ruòshuǐsānqiān, zhǐ qǔ yīpiáo yǐn)
- 敢只是
- 是非只為多開口 / 是非只为多开口
- 破蒸籠，只會撒氣 / 破蒸笼，只会撒气
- 萬事俱備，只欠東風 / 万事俱备，只欠东风 (wànshì jùbèi, zhǐ qiàn dōngfēng)
- 肐膊只折在袖子裡 / 肐膊只折在袖子里
- 英雄只怕病來磨 / 英雄只怕病来磨
- 蚊子遭扇打，只為嘴傷人 / 蚊子遭扇打，只为嘴伤人
- 豈只 / 岂只 (qǐzhǐ)
- 賊沒種，只怕哄 / 贼没种，只怕哄
- 逢人只說三分話 / 逢人只说三分话
Descendants
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zi2
- Eastern Min (BUC): cī
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5tsy
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhǐ
- Zhuyin: ㄓˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐh
- Wade–Giles: chih3
- Yale: jř
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyy
- Palladius: чжи (čži)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zi2
- Yale: jí
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzi2
- Guangdong Romanization: ji2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cī
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡si³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chí
- Tâi-lô: tsí
- Phofsit Daibuun: cie
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡si⁵⁵⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: zi2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsí
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡si⁵²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: tsyeX
Definitions
只
Synonyms
Compounds
Etymology 3
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhǐ
- Zhuyin: ㄓˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐh
- Wade–Giles: chih3
- Yale: jř
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyy
- Palladius: чжи (čži)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zi2
- Yale: jí
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzi2
- Guangdong Romanization: ji2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: tsyeX
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kljeʔ/
Definitions
只
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) A modal particle.
Etymology 4
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhǐ
- Zhuyin: ㄓˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐh
- Wade–Giles: chih3
- Yale: jř
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyy
- Palladius: чжи (čži)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zi2
- Yale: jí
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzi2
- Guangdong Romanization: ji2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
只
Etymology 5
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhǐ → zhi (toneless final syllable variant)
- Zhuyin: ㄓˇ → ˙ㄓ (toneless final syllable variant)
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhi̊h
- Wade–Giles: chih5
- Yale: jr
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .jyy
- Palladius: чжи (čži)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/ → /ɖ͡ʐ̥ʐ̩/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zi2
- Yale: jí
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzi2
- Guangdong Romanization: ji2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
只
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Progressive particle, akin to 著／着 (zhe). [Yuan–Ming]
Etymology 6
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: Zhǐ
- Zhuyin: ㄓˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Jhǐh
- Wade–Giles: Chih3
- Yale: Jř
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jyy
- Palladius: Чжи (Čži)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zi2
- Yale: jí
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzi2
- Guangdong Romanization: ji2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: tsyeX
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kljeʔ/
Definitions
只
- a surname
Etymology 7
| For pronunciation and definitions of 只 – see 隻 (“one bird; single; etc.”). (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 隻). |
Notes:
|
In traditional script, 只 (zhī) is a variant of 隻／只 (zhī) for a subset of its senses such as classifier for hands (highest affinity), one of a pair, etc, but most notably not for animals.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhī
- Zhuyin: ㄓ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhih
- Wade–Giles: chih1
- Yale: jr̄
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jy
- Palladius: чжи (čži)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
只
Etymology 8
| For pronunciation and definitions of 只 – see 咫 (“unit of measurement during the Zhou dynasty, equal to eight cun/tsun; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 咫). |
Etymology 9
| For pronunciation and definitions of 只 – see 戠 (“sword; to gather; etc.”). (This character is a nonstandard simplified form of 戠). |
Notes:
|
References
- “只”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- (Cantonese) 粵音資料集叢
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “只”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 272.
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Japanese
Kanji
只
- only
- simply
- just
Readings
Definitions
| For pronunciation and definitions of 只 – see the following entry. | ||||
| ||||
| (This term, 只, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
- “▲只”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
Korean
Hanja
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Old Korean
Pronunciation
Conventionally reconstructed as *-k, after the Middle Korean reflexes.
Etymology 1
Phonogram
只 (*-k)
- A consonantal phonogram denoting coda consonant *-k.
Etymology 2
Particle
只 (*-k)
- An emphatic particle attached to the connective form of verbs.
Descendants
- Middle Korean: ㄱ (-k)
Etymology 3
Verb
只 (*ki-)
References
- 남풍현 [nampunghyeon] (2004), “시상의 조동사 '在/𠂇/겨'의 발달' [The development of the aspectual auxiliary kye-]”, in Gugeo gukmunhak, volume 138, pages 5—34
- 황선엽 (Hwang Seon-yeop) et al. (2009), 석독구결사전/釋讀口訣辭典 [Dictionary of interpretive gugyeol], Bakmunsa, →ISBN, pages 411—549
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Vietnamese
Han character
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