竄

See also: 窜

竄 U+7AC4, 竄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AC4 ← 竃 [U+7AC3] CJK Unified Ideographs 竅 → [U+7AC5]

Translingual

Han character

竄 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+13, 18 strokes, cangjie input 十金竹難女 (JCHXV), four-corner 3071₇, composition ⿱穴鼠)

Derived characters

• 攛, 𬉬, 𥎣, 躥, 鑹, 𮪠

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 869, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25679
• Dae Jaweon: page 1298, character 15
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2744, character 7
• Unihan data for U+7AC4

Chinese

trad.		竄
simp.		窜
alternative forms		⿱穴𰀁

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 竄
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (竄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
躥	*sʰoːn
竄	*sʰoːn, *sʰoːns
攛	*sʰoːn
鑹	*sʰoːns

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 鼠 (“mouse”) + 穴 (“hole”) – to hide in a hole.

Etymology

Related to 鑽 (OC *ʔsoːn, *ʔsoːns, “to bore, perforate”), with semantic shift "to bore" > "to hide (in a bored-out area)" > "to go into exile" (STEDT).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cuàn (cuan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cyun³ / cyun²
• Eastern Min (BUC): chuáng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cuang⁴ / cuong⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhǹg / chhoàn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cuang³ / cuêng³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cuàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cuàn
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻuan⁴
    • Yale: tswàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuann
    • Palladius: цуань (cuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰu̯än⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cyun³ / cyun²
    • Yale: chyun / chyún
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsyn³ / tsyn²
    • Guangdong Romanization: qun³ / qun²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰyːn³³/, /t͡sʰyːn³⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chuáng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuɑŋ²¹³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: cuang⁴
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: chua̍ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuaŋ⁴²/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: cuong⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuoŋ⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhǹg / chhoàn
    • Tâi-lô: tshǹg / tshuàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhngx, zhoaxn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰŋ̍²¹/, /t͡sʰuan²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰŋ̍⁴¹/, /t͡sʰuan⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰŋ̍²¹/, /t͡sʰuan²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰŋ̍¹¹/, /t͡sʰuan¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰŋ̍²¹/, /t͡sʰuan²¹/

Note:

• chhǹg - vernacular;
• chhoàn - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: cuang³ / cuêng³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshuàng / tshuèng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuaŋ²¹³/, /t͡sʰueŋ²¹³/
Note:
• cuang3 - Shantou;
• cuêng3 - Chaozhou.

---

• Middle Chinese: tshwanH, tshwan

Rime
Character	竄	竄
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	清 (14)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	七亂切	七丸切
Baxter	tshwanH	tshwan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰuɑnH/	/t͡sʰuɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰʷɑnH/	/t͡sʰʷɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰuɑnH/	/t͡sʰuɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰwanH/	/t͡sʰwan/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰuɑnH/	/t͡sʰuɑn/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰuɑnH/	/t͡sʰuɑn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰuɑnH/	/t͡sʰuɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cuàn	cuān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cyun3	cyun1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤo[n]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰoːn/, /*sʰoːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	竄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cuàn
Middle Chinese	‹ tshwanH ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]ˁo[n]-s/
English	hide; flee
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	竄	竄
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	1869	1871
Phonetic component	竄	竄
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime		竄
Old Chinese	/*sʰoːn/	/*sʰoːns/

Definitions

竄

1. (now derogatory) to flee; to go in exile
2. (literary) to exile; to banish

   • 流共工于幽洲，放驩兜于崇山，竄三苗于三危，殛鯀于羽山，四罪而天下咸服。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     流共工于幽洲，放欢兜于崇山，窜三苗于三危，殛鲧于羽山，四罪而天下咸服。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: The Book of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd century BCE

     Liú Gònggōng yú yōuzhōu, fàng huāndōu yú chóngshān, cuàn Sānmiáo yú Sānwēi, jí Gǔn yú Yǔshān, sìzuì ér tiānxià xiánfú. [Pinyin]

     He (Shun) banished the Minister of Works to You island; confined Huan-dou on mount Chong; drove (the chief of) San-miao (and his people) into San-wei, and kept them there; and held Gun a prisoner till death on mount Yu. These four criminals being thus dealt with, all under heaven acknowledged the justice (of Shun's administration).

3. (literary) to hide
4. (literary, or in compounds) to revise; to edit

   竄改／窜改  ―  cuàngǎi  ―  to doctor; to alter

5. (neologism, officialese, derogatory) Short for 竄訪／窜访 (cuànfǎng)

   • 佩洛西竄臺的若干事實 [MSC, trad.]
     佩洛西窜台的若干事实 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 2022, Xinhua News Agency,

     Pèiluòxī cuàn Tái de ruògān shìshí [Pinyin]

     A few facts about Pelosi's "sneaky" visit to Taiwan

   • 針對蔡英文竄美採取反制措施必要且正當 [MSC, trad.]
     针对蔡英文窜美采取反制措施必要且正当 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 2023, People's Daily,

     zhēnduì Cài Yīngwén cuàn Měi cǎiqǔ fǎnzhì cuòshī bìyào qiě zhèngdāng [Pinyin]

     Counter-measures against Tsai Ing-wen's "sneaky" visit are necessary and correct

6. a surname, Cuan

Synonyms

• (to flee):

edit

• 亡命 (wángmìng)
• 出亡 (chūwáng) (literary)
• 出奔 (chūbēn)
• 散亡 (sànwáng)
• 流亡 (liúwáng)
• 走反 (Hokkien, from war)
• 逃亡 (táowáng)
• 逃荒 (táohuāng) (from famine)
• 逃難 / 逃难 (táonàn) (from a disaster)
• 逋逃 (būtáo) (literary)
• 避難 / 避难 (bìnàn)

• (to hide):

edit

• 伏
• 匿藏 (nìcáng)
• 埋
• 埋藏 (máicáng) (figuratively)
• 暗囥 (Hokkien, Teochew)
• 暗藏 (àncáng)
• 潛藏 / 潜藏 (qiáncáng)
• 竄匿 / 窜匿 (cuànnì)
• 藏蹤 / 藏踪 (cángzōng)
• 藏身 (cángshēn)
• 藏躲 (cángduǒ)
• 覕囥 / 𰴕囥 (Hokkien)
• 走覕 / 走𰴕 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 走閃 / 走闪 (Min Nan)
• 躲藏 (duǒcáng)
• 躲避 (duǒbì)
• 逃 (táo)
• 逃僻 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 逃匿 (táonì)
• 迴避 / 回避 (huíbì)
• 逃避 (táobì)
• 避諱 / 避讳 (bìhuì) (colloquial)
• 閃覕 / 闪𰴕 (Min Nan)
• 隱秘 / 隐秘 (yǐnmì)
• 隱蔽 / 隐蔽 (yǐnbì)
• 隱藏 / 隐藏 (yǐncáng)
• 隱覕 / 隐𰴕 (ín-bih, ún-bih) (Min Nan)
• 隱避 / 隐避 (yǐnbì)

• (to revise):

edit

• 修改 (xiūgǎi)
• 切換 / 切换 (qiēhuàn)
• 改動 / 改动 (gǎidòng)
• 改換 / 改换 (gǎihuàn)
• 改觀 / 改观 (gǎiguān) (to change appearance, to change one's view)
• 改變 / 改变 (gǎibiàn)
• 改造 (gǎizào)
• 更動 / 更动 (gēngdòng)
• 更換 / 更换 (gēnghuàn)
• 更改 (gēnggǎi)
• 游移 (yóuyí)
• 移 (yí)
• 移易 (yíyì) (literary)
• 竄亂 / 窜乱 (cuànluàn) (literary)
• 變 / 变 (biàn)
• 變換 / 变换 (biànhuàn)
• 變易 / 变易 (biànyì)
• 變更 / 变更 (biàngēng)
• 變變 / 变变 (Hokkien)
• 變革 / 变革 (biàngé) (chiefly social systems)
• 轉化 / 转化 (zhuǎnhuà)
• 轉換 / 转换 (zhuǎnhuàn)
• 轉變 / 转变 (zhuǎnbiàn)
• 遷 / 迁 (qiān)
• 革變 / 革变 (gébiàn) (literary)

Compounds

• 上竄下跳 / 上窜下跳 (shàngcuànxiàtiào)
• 亂竄 / 乱窜 (luàncuàn)
• 伏竄 / 伏窜
• 匿竄 / 匿窜
• 壯竄 / 壮窜
• 奔竄 / 奔窜 (bēncuàn)
• 奉頭鼠竄 / 奉头鼠窜
• 打竄鼓 / 打窜鼓
• 打著竄鼓 / 打著窜鼓
• 投山竄海 / 投山窜海
• 抱頭鼠竄 / 抱头鼠窜 (bàotóu-shǔcuàn)
• 捧頭鼠竄 / 捧头鼠窜
• 掉頭鼠竄 / 掉头鼠窜
• 改竄 / 改窜 (gǎicuàn)
• 東奔西竄 / 东奔西窜 (dōngbēnxīcuàn)
• 東逃西竄 / 东逃西窜 (dōngtáoxīcuàn)
• 楊葉竄兒 / 杨叶窜儿
• 流竄 / 流窜 (liúcuàn)
• 潛骸竄影 / 潜骸窜影
• 狐奔鼠竄 / 狐奔鼠窜
• 狼奔鼠竄 / 狼奔鼠窜
• 竄伏 / 窜伏
• 竄動 / 窜动
• 竄匿 / 窜匿 (cuànnì)
• 竄升 / 窜升
• 竄句 / 窜句
• 竄定 / 窜定
• 竄擾 / 窜扰 (cuànrǎo)
• 竄改 / 窜改 (cuàngǎi)
• 竄犯 / 窜犯 (cuànfàn)
• 竄紅 / 窜红 (cuānhóng)
• 竄訪 / 窜访 (cuànfǎng) (officialese)
• 竄起 / 窜起
• 竄身 / 窜身
• 竄逃 / 窜逃 (cuàntáo)
• 竄逐 / 窜逐
• 竄進竄出 / 窜进窜出
• 竄遊 / 窜游
• 跳竄 / 跳窜
• 逃竄 / 逃窜 (táocuàn)
• 點竄 / 点窜
• 鼠竄 / 鼠窜 (shǔcuàn)
• 鼠竄狼奔 / 鼠窜狼奔

References

• “竄”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “窜”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 41.