肴

See also: 餚

肴 U+80B4, 肴 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80B4 ← 肳 [U+80B3] CJK Unified Ideographs 肵 → [U+80B5]

Translingual

Han character

肴 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 大大月 (KKB), four-corner 4022₇, composition ⿱㐅有)

1. cooked or prepared meat

Derived characters

• 倄, 崤, 淆, 㮁, 誵, 餚 (𬳁), 郩, 殽

Additional Derived Characters

• 𠴳, 𱗅, 𮱋, 𢛘, 𢯎, 𤉶, 𮌞, 𬗤, 𧼡, 𨡜, 𲌹, 𪘱, 𫾼, 𤚁, 𫨖, 𤷤

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 976, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29322
• Dae Jaweon: page 1427, character 31
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2049, character 17
• Unihan data for U+80B4

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (爻) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
崤	*ɢaːw, *ɢraːw
郩	*qaːwʔ
敎	*kraːw, *kraːws
較	*kreːwɢs, *kreːwɢ
肴	*ɢraːw
淆	*ɢraːw
倄	*ɢraːw, *ɢʷɯːʔ
爻	*ɢraːw
餚	*ɢraːw
殽	*ɢraːw
笅	*ɢraːw
駁	*praːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢraːw): phonetic 爻 (OC *ɢraːw) + semantic ⺼ (“meat”) – meat dishes.

Current form resembles 乂 + 有 – the lower 乂 of 爻 has moved to the side and down.

Etymology 1

trad.		肴
simp. #		肴

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yáo (yao²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄠˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaau⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hâu / gâu / ngâu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yáo
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yáo
    • Wade–Giles: yao²
    • Yale: yáu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yau
    • Palladius: яо (jao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ngaau⁴
    • Yale: ngàauh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngaau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngao⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaːu̯²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâu
    • Tâi-lô: hâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: haau
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /hau²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hau¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gâu
    • Tâi-lô: gâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gaau
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡau²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngâu
    • Tâi-lô: ngâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ngaau
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /ŋãu²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋãu²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ŋãu¹³/

Note:

• hâu - literary;
• gâu/ngâu - vernacular (俗).

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• Middle Chinese: haew

Rime
Character	肴
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡茅切
Baxter	haew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠau/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚau/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣau/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨw/
Li Rong	/ɣau/
Wang Li	/ɣau/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣau/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiáo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haau4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤraw/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢraːw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	肴
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yáo
Middle Chinese	‹ hæw ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁraw/
English	food
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	肴
Reading #	1/1
No.	14645
Phonetic component	爻
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	肴
Old Chinese	/*ɢraːw/

Definitions

肴

1. prepared meat

Compounds

• 佳肴 (jiāyáo)
• 嘉肴 (jiāyáo)
• 山肴野蔌
• 旨酒嘉肴
• 溷肴
• 美酒佳肴
• 肴蔌
• 肴覈
• 肴饌 (yáozhuàn)
• 酒肴 (jiǔyáo)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 肴 – see 餚 (“meat dish”). (This character is the simplified form of 餚).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.