計算

See also: 计算

Chinese

		to calculate; to compute; to count to calculate; to compute; to count; reckon; ruse; to plan	regard as; to figure; to calculate regard as; to figure; to calculate; to compute
trad. (計算)		計	算
simp. (计算)		计	算
anagram		算計／算计

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jìsuàn

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ ㄙㄨㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gai³ syun³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kie-son / ki-son

  (Hailu, HRS): gie^ˇ son^ˇ

• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ge⁴ suang⁴ / ge⁴ suong⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kè-sǹg / kè-sùiⁿ / kè-soàn

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jìsuàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ ㄙㄨㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jìsuàn
    • Wade–Giles: chi⁴-suan⁴
    • Yale: jì-swàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jihsuann
    • Palladius: цзисуань (czisuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ su̯än⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gai³ syun³
    • Yale: gai syun
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gai³ syn³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gei³ xun³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐi̯³³ syːn³³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kie-son
    • Hakka Romanization System: gie son
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gie⁴ son⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯e⁵⁵ son⁵⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ki-son
    • Hakka Romanization System: gi son
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gi⁴ son⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ki⁵⁵ son⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: gie^ˇ son^ˇ
    • Sinological IPA: /kie¹¹ son¹¹/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ge⁴ suang⁴ [Phonetic: ge¹ luang⁴]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ga̤̍-sua̍ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ke⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^(ɬ-)luaŋ⁴²/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ge⁴ suong⁴ [Phonetic: ge¹ luong⁴]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ke⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^(ɬ-)luoŋ⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kè-sǹg
    • Tâi-lô: kè-sǹg
    • Phofsit Daibuun: keasngx
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ke⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sŋ̍⁴¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ke²¹⁻⁴¹ sŋ̍²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ke¹¹⁻⁵³ sŋ̍¹¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ke²¹⁻⁵³ sŋ̍²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kè-sùiⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kè-suìnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: keasvuix
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ke²¹⁻⁵³ suĩ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kè-soàn
    • Tâi-lô: kè-suàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: keasoaxn
    • IPA (Taipei): /ke¹¹⁻⁵³ suan¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ke²¹⁻⁴¹ suan²¹/

Verb

計算

1. (mathematics, computing) to calculate; to compute

   計算方法／计算方法  ―  jìsuàn fāngfǎ  ―  computational methods

   並行計算／并行计算  ―  bìngxíng jìsuàn  ―  parallel computing

   天氣預報裡雪的厚度是怎麼計算的？ [MSC, trad.]
   天气预报里雪的厚度是怎么计算的？ [MSC, simp.]

   Tiānqì yùbào lǐ xuě de hòudù shì zěnme jìsuàn de? [Pinyin]

   How is the thickness of snow calculated in weather forecasts?

2. to consider
3. to plan; to scheme; to plot

Synonyms

• (to calculate):

edit

• 合算 (hésuàn)
• 推算 (tuīsuàn)
• 摟 / 搂 (lōu) (regional, figurative)
• 會計 / 会计 (kuàijì) (Classical Chinese)
• 核算 (hésuàn)
• 核計 / 核计 (héjì)
• 算計 / 算计 (suànjì)
• 計量 / 计量

Dialectal synonyms of 算 (“to calculate”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		算, 計算, 計數
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	算
	Malaysia	算
	Singapore	算
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	算
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	算
	Xi'an	算
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	算
Southwestern Mandarin	Guilin	算
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	算
Cantonese	Guangzhou	計
	Hong Kong	計
	Taishan	計
	Dongguan	計
	Singapore (Guangfu)	計
Gan	Nanchang	算
	Lichuan	算
Hakka	Meixian	算
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	算
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	算
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	算
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	算
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	算
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	算
	Kuching (Hepo)	算
Huizhou	Jixi	算
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	算
Southern Min	Tainan	算
	Singapore (Hokkien)	算
	Shantou	算
	Singapore (Teochew)	算
Wu	Shanghai	算
	Jinhua	算

• (to consider):

edit

• 冥思 (míngsī)
• 冥想 (míngxiǎng)
• 品味 (pǐnwèi)
• 尋味 / 寻味 (xúnwèi)
• 尋思 / 寻思
• 忖度 (cǔnduó)
• 念 (niàn)
• 思 (literary, or in compounds)
• 思忖 (sīcǔn)
• 思想 (sīxiǎng)
• 思慮 / 思虑 (sīlǜ)
• 思索 (sīsuǒ)
• 思維 / 思维 (sīwéi)
• 思考 (sīkǎo)
• 思裁 (si¹ cai²) (Sichuanese)
• 思量 (sīliáng)
• 慎思 (shènsī)
• 掂掇 (diānduo) (colloquial)
• 推敲 (tuīqiāo)
• 掂量 (diānliáng)
• 揣摩 (chuǎimó)
• 斟酌 (zhēnzhuó) (figuratively)
• 沉思 (chénsī)
• 深思 (shēnsī)
• 照顧 / 照顾 (zhàogù)
• 玩味 (wánwèi)
• 玩弄 (Classical Chinese)
• 琢磨 (zuómo)
• 算度 (Cantonese)
• 算計 / 算计 (suànjì)
• 考慮 / 考虑 (kǎolǜ)
• 苦思 (kǔsī)
• 著想 / 着想 (zhuóxiǎng)
• 計較 / 计较
• 設想 / 设想 (shèxiǎng)
• 顧全 / 顾全 (gùquán)
• 顧及 / 顾及 (gùjí)

• (to plan):

edit

• 作計 / 作计 (zuòjì) (literary)
• 打算 (dǎsuàn)
• 拍算 (phah-sǹg) (Hokkien, Teochew)
• 拍達 / 拍达 (Xiamen Hokkien)
• 按算 (Hokkien)
• 擬 / 拟 (nǐ)
• 派胚 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 準備 / 准备 (zhǔnbèi)
• 營為 / 营为 (Hokkien)
• 盤算 / 盘算
• 策劃 / 策划 (cèhuà)
• 策動 / 策动 (cèdòng)
• 算 (suàn)
• 算打 (sáung-dā) (Eastern Min)
• 算計 / 算计 (suànjì)
• 籌劃 / 筹划 (chóuhuà)
• 考慮 / 考虑 (kǎolǜ)
• 規 / 规 (literary, or in compounds)
• 規劃 / 规划 (guīhuà)
• 計劃 / 计划 (jìhuà)
• 設 / 设 (shè)
• 設施 / 设施 (shèshī) (literary)
• 試圖 / 试图 (shìtú)
• 謀劃 / 谋划 (móuhuà)

Derived terms

• 分佈式計算 / 分布式计算 (fēnbùshì jìsuàn)
• 計算化學 / 计算化学 (jìsuàn huàxué)
• 計算器 / 计算器 (jìsuànqì)
• 計算尺 / 计算尺 (jìsuànchǐ)
• 計算機 / 计算机 (jìsuànjī)
• 超級計算 / 超级计算 (chāojí jìsuàn)
• 量子計算 / 量子计算 (liàngzǐ jìsuàn)
• 雲計算 / 云计算 (yúnjìsuàn)

See also

• 得出 (déchū)
• 推導／推导 (tuīdǎo)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
計	算
けい Grade: 2	さん Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) けーさん [kèésáń] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ke̞ːsã̠ɴ]

Noun

計(けい)算(さん) • (keisan) 

1. calculation
2. forecast

Derived terms

• 計算機
• 計算高い
• 計算式

Verb

計(けい)算(さん)する • (keisan suru) suru (stem 計(けい)算(さん)し (keisan shi), past 計(けい)算(さん)した (keisan shita))

1. to calculate

Conjugation

Conjugation of "計算する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	計算し	けいさんし	keisan shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	計算し	けいさんし	keisan shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	計算する	けいさんする	keisan suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	計算する	けいさんする	keisan suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	計算すれ	けいさんすれ	keisan sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	計算せよ¹ 計算しろ²	けいさんせよ¹ けいさんしろ²	keisan seyo¹ keisan shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	計算される	けいさんされる	keisan sareru
Causative	計算させる 計算さす	けいさんさせる けいさんさす	keisan saseru keisan sasu
Potential	計算できる	けいさんできる	keisan dekiru
Volitional	計算しよう	けいさんしよう	keisan shiyō
Negative	計算しない	けいさんしない	keisan shinai
Negative continuative	計算せず	けいさんせず	keisan sezu
Formal	計算します	けいさんします	keisan shimasu
Perfective	計算した	けいさんした	keisan shita
Conjunctive	計算して	けいさんして	keisan shite
Hypothetical conditional	計算すれば	けいさんすれば	keisan sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
計	算

Noun

計算 • (gyesan) (hangeul 계산)

1. hanja form^? of 계산 (“calculation”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
計	算

Noun

計算

1. chữ Hán form of kế toán (“accounting”)