Top Qs
Timeline
Chat
Perspective
算
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Remove ads
See also: 祘
| ||||||||
Translingual
Han character
算 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 竹月山廿 (HBUT), four-corner 88446, composition ⿱𥫗𥃲 or ⿱𥬥廾)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 888, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26146
- Dae Jaweon: page 1315, character 23
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2981, character 8
- Unihan data for U+7B97
Remove ads
Chinese
Glyph origin
In current form, 竹 (“bamboo”) + 目 + 廾.
The 目 portion may have originally represented counting rods (or possibly an abacus, although the character is believed to predate its invention). Such rods were typically made from bamboo. Perhaps related to the top component of 學, hence to 爻.
Similar but unrelated to 具.
Etymology
It has been compared with Tibetan གཤོར (gshor, “to count, to measure, to weigh”) by Gong (1995).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): suan4
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): suān
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): suān
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): суан (suan, III)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): syun3
- (Dongguan, Jyutping++): soen3
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhon1
- Gan (Wiktionary): son4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): suan3
- Northern Min (KCR): so̤̿ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): sáung
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sua4 / suann4 / suang4 / suong4
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sonn4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: suàn
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: suàn
- Wade–Giles: suan4
- Yale: swàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suann
- Palladius: суань (suanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /su̯än⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: suan4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: suan
- Sinological IPA (key): /suan²¹³/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: suān
- Sinological IPA (key): /suã⁵⁵/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: suān
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): suan4
- Sinological IPA (key): /suã⁴⁴/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: суан (suan, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /suæ̃⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: syun3
- Yale: syun
- Cantonese Pinyin: syn3
- Guangdong Romanization: xun3
- Sinological IPA (key): /syːn³³/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: soen3
- Sinological IPA (key): /søn³²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lhon1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬᵘɔn³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: son4
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɵn³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: son
- Hakka Romanization System: son
- Hagfa Pinyim: son4
- Sinological IPA: /son⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: sonˇ
- Sinological IPA: /son¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: suan3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /suæ̃⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: so̤̿ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɔŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sáung
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɑuŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: sua4
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sua̍ⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬua⁴²/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: suann4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬũã⁴²/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: suang4
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sua̍ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬuaŋ⁴²/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: suong4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬuoŋ⁴²/
- (Putian)
Note:
- sua4/suann4 - colloquial;
- suang4/suong4 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Lukang, Sanxia, Taipei, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung, Philippines, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Yilan, Singapore, Penang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sùiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: suìnn
- Phofsit Daibuun: svuix
- IPA (Zhangzhou, Yilan, Singapore, Penang): /suĩ²¹/
- IPA (Zhangpu): /suĩ¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sìⁿ
- Tâi-lô: sìnn
- Phofsit Daibuun: svix
- IPA (Longyan): /sĩ²¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Zhangpu, Longyan, General Taiwanese)
- sǹg/sùiⁿ - colloquial;
- soàn - literary.
Note:
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: swanX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ˤorʔ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sloːnʔ/, /*sloːns/
Definitions
算
- to count; to calculate; to figure
- to plan; to arrange; to design
- to guess; to estimate; to approximate
- to regard as; to consider
- to count; to be of significance
- to let it pass; to give up
- (Puxian Min) to think (to conceive of something or someone)
- (Puxian Min) to miss (to feel the absence of someone or something)
- finally; eventually
- alternative form of 筭 (suàn, “ancient device for counting numbers”)
- (Guanzhong Mandarin) while
- 伢算說算笑／伢算说算笑 [Guanzhong Mandarin] ― niǎ suān shě suān xiāo [Guanzhong Pinyin] ― He speaks as he laughs
- (Hong Kong) ratio between two currencies
Synonyms
- (to calculate):
- (to plan):
- 作計 / 作计 (zuòjì) (literary)
- 打算 (dǎsuàn)
- 拍算 (phah-sǹg) (Hokkien, Teochew)
- 拍達 / 拍达 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 按算 (Hokkien)
- 擬 / 拟 (nǐ)
- 派胚 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 準備 / 准备 (zhǔnbèi)
- 營為 / 营为 (Hokkien)
- 盤算 / 盘算
- 策劃 / 策划 (cèhuà)
- 策動 / 策动 (cèdòng)
- 算打 (sáung-dā) (Eastern Min)
- 算計 / 算计 (suànjì)
- 籌劃 / 筹划 (chóuhuà)
- 考慮 / 考虑 (kǎolǜ)
- 規 / 规 (literary, or in compounds)
- 規劃 / 规划 (guīhuà)
- 計劃 / 计划 (jìhuà)
- 計算 / 计算 (jìsuàn)
- 設 / 设 (shè)
- 設施 / 设施 (shèshī) (literary)
- 試圖 / 试图 (shìtú)
- 謀劃 / 谋划 (móuhuà)
- (to guess):
- 估計 / 估计 (gūjì)
- 估量
- 假定 (jiǎdìng)
- 假想 (jiǎxiǎng)
- 假設 / 假设 (jiǎshè)
- 商量 (shāngliàng) (Classical Chinese)
- 嫌 (xián) (literary, or in compounds)
- 忖度 (cǔnduó) (literary)
- 思裁 (sīcái) (literary)
- 想象 (xiǎngxiàng)
- 懸 / 悬 (xuán) (literary, or in compounds)
- 懸想 / 悬想 (xuánxiǎng)
- 懷疑 / 怀疑 (huáiyí)
- 打估 (Southern Pinghua)
- 推想 (tuīxiǎng)
- 推測 / 推测 (tuīcè)
- 掠算 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 揣度 (formal)
- 擬 / 拟 (nǐ)
- 母量 (mu3 liong) (Gan)
- 派胚 (Hokkien)
- 測 / 测 (cè) (literary, or in compounds)
- 測估 / 测估 (cègū)
- 測度 / 测度 (cèduó)
- 測算 / 测算 (cèsuàn)
- 猜 (cāi)
- 猜度 (cāiduó)
- 猜想 (cāixiǎng)
- 猜摸 (cāimo)
- 猜料 (cāiliào)
- 猜測 / 猜测 (cāicè)
- 猜詳 / 猜详 (cāixiáng)
- 算計 / 算计 (suànjì)
- 約摸 / 约摸 (yuēmo)
- 臭疑 (Hokkien)
- 臭青疑 (Hokkien)
- 虛擬 / 虚拟 (xūnǐ)
- 要約 / 要约 (iau3 ieh4) (Jin)
- 設 / 设 (shè)
- 設想 / 设想 (shèxiǎng)
- 跋胚 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 辦胚 / 办胚 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 阿合 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
- 青疑 (Hokkien)
- 預計 / 预计 (yùjì)
- (to regard):
- (to think):
- (to miss):
Compounds
- 上算 (shàngsuàn)
- 不上算
- 不划算
- 不合算
- 不是算
- 不算 (bùsuàn)
- 不算什麼 / 不算什么
- 不算數 / 不算数 (bùsuànshù)
- 九章算術 / 九章算术
- 二元運算 / 二元运算
- 估算 (gūsuàn)
- 作算
- 何足算
- 准算
- 划算 (huásuàn)
- 勝算 / 胜算 (shèngsuàn)
- 匡算 (kuāngsuàn)
- 卜算
- 同文算指
- 合算 (hésuàn)
- 周髀算經 / 周髀算经
- 單一預算 / 单一预算
- 單式預算 / 单式预算
- 四則運算 / 四则运算
- 基本運算 / 基本运算
- 天算
- 失算 (shīsuàn)
- 如意算盤 / 如意算盘 (rúyìsuànpán)
- 妙算 (miàosuàn)
- 宸算
- 小算盤 / 小算盘
- 就算 (jiùsuàn)
- 屈指一算 (qūzhǐyīsuàn)
- 巴前算後 / 巴前算后
- 布算
- 年度預算 / 年度预算
- 心算 (xīnsuàn)
- 思前算後 / 思前算后
- 成算 (chéngsuàn)
- 所算
- 打小算盤 / 打小算盘
- 打打算盤 / 打打算盘
- 打算 (dǎsuàn)
- 打算盤 / 打算盘 (dǎ suànpán)
- 打細算盤 / 打细算盘
- 打鐵算盤 / 打铁算盘
- 折算 (zhésuàn)
- 投資預算 / 投资预算
- 拍算 (phah-sǹg)
- 持籌握算 / 持筹握算
- 掐指一算
- 掐算
- 推算 (tuīsuàn)
- 換算 / 换算 (huànsuàn)
- 撥算盤 / 拨算盘
- 料算
- 新法算書 / 新法算书
- 星算
- 智算
- 暗算 (ànsuàn)
- 核算 (hésuàn)
- 概算 (gàisuàn)
- 決算 / 决算 (juésuàn)
- 沒算數 / 没算数
- 沒算當 / 没算当
- 沒算盤 / 没算盘
- 法算
- 清算 (qīngsuàn)
- 減算 / 减算
- 滿打滿算 / 满打满算
- 滿打算 / 满打算
- 演算 (yǎnsuàn)
- 演算法則 / 演算法则
- 照算
- 玄機妙算 / 玄机妙算
- 玄謀廟算 / 玄谋庙算
- 珠算 (zhūsuàn)
- 盤算 / 盘算
- 神機妙算 / 神机妙算 (shénjīmiàosuàn)
- 神算 (shénsuàn)
- 神算妙計 / 神算妙计
- 秋後算帳 / 秋后算帐 (qiūhòusuànzhàng)
- 穩操勝算 / 稳操胜算
- 筆算 / 笔算 (bǐsuàn)
- 算上
- 算不了
- 算不得
- 算了 (suànle)
- 算什麼 / 算什么
- 算來 / 算来
- 算來算去 / 算来算去
- 算博士
- 算卦 (suànguà)
- 算命 (suànmìng)
- 算命先生 (suànmìng xiānsheng)
- 算器
- 算子 (suànzǐ)
- 算學 / 算学 (suànxué)
- 算帳 / 算帐 (suànzhàng)
- 算式
- 算得 (suàndé)
- 算數 / 算数 (suànshù)
- 算是 (suànshì)
- 算曆 / 算历
- 算𣍐和 / 算𫧃和 (sǹg-bē-hô)
- 算法 (suànfǎ)
- 算無遺策 / 算无遗策 (suànwúyícè)
- 算盤 / 算盘 (suànpán)
- 算盤子兒 / 算盘子儿 (suànpánzǐr)
- 算盤珠 / 算盘珠 (suànpánzhū)
- 算籌 / 算筹 (suànchóu)
- 算總帳 / 算总帐
- 算舊帳 / 算旧帐
- 算術 / 算术 (suànshù)
- 算術和 / 算术和
- 算術級數 / 算术级数
- 算計 / 算计 (suànjì)
- 算計兒 / 算计儿
- 算起來 / 算起来
- 算題 / 算题
- 算髮 / 算发
- 籌算 / 筹算 (chóusuàn)
- 精打細算 / 精打细算 (jīngdǎxìsuàn)
- 精算師 / 精算师 (jīngsuànshī)
- 細算 / 细算
- 結算 / 结算 (jiésuàn)
- 經濟核算 / 经济核算 (jīngjì hésuàn)
- 總算 / 总算 (zǒngsuàn)
- 總預算 / 总预算
- 老謀深算 / 老谋深算 (lǎomóushēnsuàn)
- 複利計算 / 复利计算
- 計算 / 计算 (jìsuàn)
- 計算器 / 计算器 (jìsuànqì)
- 計算尺 / 计算尺 (jìsuànchǐ)
- 計算機 / 计算机 (jìsuànjī)
- 說話算話 / 说话算话 (shuōhuàsuànhuà)
- 課算 / 课算
- 謀算 / 谋算
- 赤字預算 / 赤字预算
- 追加預算 / 追加预算
- 通算 (tōngsuàn)
- 運算 / 运算 (yùnsuàn)
- 運算符號 / 运算符号
- 邏輯運算 / 逻辑运算
- 鐵算盤 / 铁算盘
- 長算 / 长算
- 長算遠略 / 长算远略
- 關係運算 / 关系运算
- 零基預算 / 零基预算
- 電算器 / 电算器
- 電算機 / 电算机 (diànsuànjī)
- 預算 / 预算 (yùsuàn)
- 驗算 / 验算 (yànsuàn)
- 鬼算盤 / 鬼算盘
- 鶴算龜齡 / 鹤算龟龄
- 默算
- 龜齡鶴算 / 龟龄鹤算
Descendants
- → Lü: ᦉᦸᧃᧈ (ṡoan¹)
References
- “算”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Remove ads
Japanese
Kanji
算
- Counting, calculation
Readings
- Go-on: さん (san, Jōyō)、せん (sen)
- Kan-on: さん (san, Jōyō)、せん (sen)
- Kan’yō-on: そん (son)
- Kun: かぞえる (kazoeru, 算える)、かず (kazu, 算)
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 算 (MC swanX).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰa̠(ː)n]
- Phonetic hangul: [산(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
Compounds
References
Remove ads
Vietnamese
Han character
算: Hán Nôm readings: toán, toan
- chữ Hán form of toán (“mathematics”)
Wikiwand - on
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Remove ads