誒

See also: 唉 and 诶

誒 U+8A92, 誒 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A92 ← 誑 [U+8A91] CJK Unified Ideographs 誓 → [U+8A93]

Translingual

Han character

誒 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜口戈人大 (YRIOK), four-corner 0363₄, composition ⿰訁矣)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1161, character 29
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35513
• Dae Jaweon: page 1626, character 35
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3980, character 14
• Unihan data for U+8A92

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (矣) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
唉	*qʰlɯː, *qɯː, *qrɯː, *qrɯːʔ
埃	*qlɯː
欸	*qɯː, *qʰrɯːs
娭	*qɯː, *qʰlɯ
挨	*qlɯːʔ, *qrɯː, *qrɯːʔ
騃	*ŋrɯːʔ, *sɢrɯʔ
俟	*sɢrɯʔ, *ɡlɯl
竢	*sɢrɯʔ
涘	*sɢrɯʔ
誒	*qʰlɯ
矣	*ɢlɯʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʰlɯ): semantic 言 + phonetic 矣 (OC *ɢlɯʔ).

Etymology 1

trad.		誒
simp.		诶

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ê̄, ēi (ê¹, ei¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄝ, ㄟ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ê̄
    • Zhuyin: ㄝ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ê
    • Wade–Giles: eh¹
    • Yale: ē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: è
    • Palladius: эй (ej)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɛ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ēi
    • Zhuyin: ㄟ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ei
    • Wade–Giles: ei¹
    • Yale: ēi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ei
    • Palladius: эй (ej)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀeɪ̯⁵⁵/

Definitions

誒

1. alternative form of 欸 (ê̄, ēi, “an interjection calling attention”)

Etymology 2

trad.		誒
simp.		诶

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ế, éi (ê², ei²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄝˊ, ㄟˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ế
    • Zhuyin: ㄝˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ế
    • Wade–Giles: eh²
    • Yale: é
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: èr
    • Palladius: эй (ej)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɛ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: éi
    • Zhuyin: ㄟˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: éi
    • Wade–Giles: ei²
    • Yale: éi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eir
    • Palladius: эй (ej)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀeɪ̯³⁵/

Definitions

誒

1. alternative form of 欸 (ế, éi, “an interjection expressing surprise”)

Compounds

• 哇老誒 / 哇老诶 (wà láo ei)

Etymology 3

trad.		誒
simp.		诶

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ê̌, ěi (ê³, ei³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄝˇ, ㄟˇ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ê̌
    • Zhuyin: ㄝˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ê̌
    • Wade–Giles: eh³
    • Yale: ě
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: èè
    • Palladius: эй (ej)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɛ²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ěi
    • Zhuyin: ㄟˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ěi
    • Wade–Giles: ei³
    • Yale: ěi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eei
    • Palladius: эй (ej)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀeɪ̯²¹⁴/

Definitions

誒

1. alternative form of 欸 (ê̌, ěi, “an interjection expressing disapproval”)

Etymology 4

trad.		誒
simp.		诶

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ề, èi (ê⁴, ei⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄝˋ, ㄟˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): e⁶ / ei⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ề
    • Zhuyin: ㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ề
    • Wade–Giles: eh⁴
    • Yale: è
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: èh
    • Palladius: эй (ej)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɛ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: èi
    • Zhuyin: ㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: èi
    • Wade–Giles: ei⁴
    • Yale: èi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ey
    • Palladius: эй (ej)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀeɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: e⁶ / ei⁶
    • Yale: eh / eih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: e⁶ / ei⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: é⁶ / éi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɛː²²/, /ei̯²²/

Definitions

誒

1. alternative form of 欸 (ề, èi, “an interjection expressing agreement or promise”)

Etymology 5

trad.		誒
simp.		诶

Borrowed from E ɛ⁵⁵.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ê̄ (ê¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄝ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ê̄
    • Zhuyin: ㄝ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ê
    • Wade–Giles: eh¹
    • Yale: ē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: è
    • Palladius: эй (ej)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɛ⁵⁵/

Definitions

誒

1. E (relating to the E language)

Compounds

• 誒人 / 诶人 (ê̄rén)
• 誒話 / 诶话 (ê̄huà)

Descendants

• → English: E

Etymology 6

trad.		誒
simp.		诶

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xī (xi¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xī
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: si
    • Wade–Giles: hsi¹
    • Yale: syī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
    • Palladius: си (si)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: xi

Rime
Character	誒
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許其切
Baxter	xi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/hɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/xie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨ/
Li Rong	/xiə/
Wang Li	/xĭə/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hei1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰlɯ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	誒
Reading #	1/1
No.	14948
Phonetic component	矣
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	僖
Old Chinese	/*qʰlɯ/

Definitions

誒

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) synonym of 兮 (xī, “an exclamatory particle”)
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) forced smile

Compounds

• 誒笑 / 诶笑
• 誒詒 / 诶诒

Etymology 7

trad.		誒
simp.		诶

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Taishan, Wiktionary): e¹

---

• Cantonese
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: e¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ə³³/

Definitions

誒

1. (Siyi Yue) Used after a verb to indicate perfective aspect (action completion).

   我吃誒飯囉。 [Taishanese, trad.]
   我吃诶饭啰。 [Taishanese, simp.]

   From: 2019, 李敏敏 (Li Minmin), 《台山方言助词研究》 [A Study on Auxiliary Word in Taishan Dialect] (thesis), Guangdong: Jinan University, page 6

   ngoi¹ hiak¹ e¹ fan⁵ lo¹. [Wiktionary]

   I have eaten.

   㑢去誒囉。 [Taishanese, trad.]
   㑢去诶啰。 [Taishanese, simp.]

   From: 2019, 李敏敏 (Li Minmin), 《台山方言助词研究》 [A Study on Auxiliary Word in Taishan Dialect] (thesis), Guangdong: Jinan University, page 7

   kiak⁴ hui¹ e¹ lo¹. [Wiktionary]

   They have gone.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 了 (“(perfective particle)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		矣1
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		了
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	了
	Taiwan	了
	Harbin	了
	Malaysia	了
	Singapore	了
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	了
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	了
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	了
	Wanrong	嘮
	Xi'an	咧
	Xuzhou	了
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	了
	Ürümqi	咧
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	了
	Wuhan	了
	Guiyang	了
	Guilin	了
	Liuzhou	了
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	了
	Yangzhou	了
Cantonese	Guangzhou	咗, 嘵 obsolete
	Hong Kong	咗
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	咗
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	咗
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	耗
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	好
	Macau	咗, 敲
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	咗
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	咗
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	咗
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	誒, 呵
	Foshan	咗
	Foshan (Sanshui)	咗
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	咗
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	哺
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	咗
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	誒, 咗
	Taishan	誒
	Kaiping (Chikan)	誒
	Enping (Niujiang)	誒
	Dongguan	敲
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	好
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	後, 咗
	Qingyuan	咗
	Fogang	咗
	Yingde (Hanguang)	咗
	Shaoguan	咗
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	咗
	Renhua	咗
	Lechang	咗
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	咗
	Xinxing	標
	Luoding	咗
	Yangjiang	都
	Nanning	嗮
	Nanning (Tanka)	嗮
	Wuzhou	啊
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	了
	Guiping	畢
	Guiping (Mule)	開, 了
	Pingnan	開
	Guigang (Gangcheng)	開
	Guigang (Pingdong)	開, 了
	Beihai	了
	Beihai (Nankang)	了
	Beihai (Yingpan)	了
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	了, 咗
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	咗
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	了, 咗
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	咗
	Ipoh (Guangfu)	咗
	Singapore (Guangfu)	咗
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	咗
	Móng Cái	了, 咗
Gan	Nanchang	了
	Lichuan	了
Hakka	Meixian	了
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	拋, 阿
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	開
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	開
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	開
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	哩
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	哩
	Wuhua (Changbu)	哩
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	哩
	Yudu	了
	Hong Kong	開
	Senai (Huiyang)	開
	Kuching (Hepo)	了
Huizhou	Jixi	了
Jin	Taiyuan	咾
	Xinzhou	咾
Jiuxing Yumin	Lanxi	了
Northern Min	Jian'ou	了
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	了, 𡅏
Southern Min	Penang (Hokkien)	了
	Singapore (Hokkien)	了
	Manila (Hokkien)	囉
	Chaozhou	了
	Shantou	了
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	了
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	了
Wu	Shanghai	仔, 了
	Shanghai (Chongming)	仔
	Suzhou	仔
	Hangzhou	得, 了
	Hangzhou (Yuhang)	得, 了
	Ningbo	仔
	Wenzhou	爻
	Jinhua	了

References

• “誒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

誒

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. an exclamation of confirmation

Readings

• Go-on: き (ki)
• Kan-on: き (ki)
• On: かい (kai)、あい (ai)、い (i)
• Kun: ああ (aa)

Korean

Hanja

誒 (eum 희 (hui))

1. sigh